Sikufisela usuku oluhle lwama-29 "Linux"

Agasti 25, 1991, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu zokukhula umfundi ogama lakhe lingu "Linus Torvalds" owayeneminyaka engu-21 ngaleso sikhathi kwenze kwaziwa ukuthi uyakha uhlobo olusebenzayo lwe- uhlelo olusha lokusebenza, okwakuphothulwe ukufuduka kwe-bash 1.08 ne-gcc 1.40.

Kuthathe izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi kukhishwe inguqulo yokuqala yomphakathi ye-kernel I-Linux ekhishwe ngo-Septhemba 17. I-0.0.1 kernel icindezelwe yafika ku-62 KB futhi iqukethe imigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 yekhodi yomthombo (kanti i-kernel yamanje inemigqa yekhodi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-28).

I-Linux kernel kukhuthazwe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-MINIX, okuyinto uLinus angayithandanga nelayisense lakhe elilinganiselwe. Kamuva, lapho iLinux iba iphrojekthi edumile, abakwa-naysayers bazama ukusola uLinus ngokukopisha ngokuqondile ikhodi yezinhlelo ezithile ezingaphansi kwe-MINIX.

Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwaxoshwa ngumlobi we-MINIX, U-Andrew Tanenbaum, othume umfundi ukuthi enze ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kwekhodi yeMinix nezinguqulo zokuqala zomphakathi zeLinux. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombise ukuba khona kokufana kwamakhodi we-block block amane kuphela ngenxa yezidingo ze-POSIX ne-ANSI C.

ILinus ekuqaleni yayicabanga ukubiza inhlamvu ngokuthi "iFreax" mahhala, okuyinqaba no-X (Unix), kepha inhlamvu yaqanjwa ngokuthi "iLinux" ngesandla esikhanyayo sika-Ari Lemmke, owathi, ngesicelo sikaLinus, wafaka i-kernel kuseva ye-FTP yeyunivesithi, waqamba umkhombandlela ngefayela hhayi "i-freax", njengoba iTorvalds icele, kepha "i-linux".

Ngokuphawulekile, uWilliam Della Croce (usomabhizinisi) ukwazile ukwenza uphawu lokuhweba lweLinux futhi wafuna ukuqoqa izimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa wabe eseguqula umqondo wakhe wadlulisela wonke amalungelo ku-trademark kuLinus.

I-mascot esemthethweni ye-Linux kernel, i-Tux penguin, yakhethwa ngomncintiswano owabanjwa ngo-1996. Igama elithi Tux limele iTorvalds UniX.

Mayelana nomlando we-kernelLezi yinguqulo ebaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando weLinux:

• Kusukela ngoSepthemba 1991 - Linux 0.0.1: Yinguqulo yokuqala esesidlangalaleni esekela kuphela i-i386 CPU namabhuthi avela kudiski yediski
• Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1992 - Linux 0.12: ikhodi yaqala ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-GPLv2;
• Kusukela ngoMashi 1992 - Linux 0.95- Kunikezwe amandla wokusebenzisa i-X Window System, ukusekelwa kwememori ebonakalayo, nokushintshaniswa kokwahlukanisa.
  I-Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993: umsebenzi uqale esitaki senethiwekhi. Kwethulwe uhlelo lwefayela i-Ext2, kwengezwa ukusekelwa kwefomethi yefayela le-ELF, kwethulwa ama-driver amakhadi omsindo nabalawuli be-SCSI.
  Ngo-1992 kwavela ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala kwe-SLS ne-Yggdrasil. Ehlobo lika-1993, amaphrojekthi weSlackware neDebian asungulwa.
• Kusukela ngoMashi 1994 - Linux 1.0: inguqulo yokuqala ezinzile ngokusemthethweni.
• Kusukela ngoMashi 1995 - Linux 1.2: kukhuphuke kakhulu kwinani labashayeli, ukusekelwa kwamapulatifomu e-Alpha, MIP kanye ne-SPARC, ukunwetshwa kwamakhono esitaki senethiwekhi, ukuvela kwesihlungi sephakethe, ukuxhaswa kweNFS.
• Juni 1996 - Linux 2.0- Ifika ngokusekelwa kwama-processor amaningi.
• NgoMashi 1997: Isisekelo se-LKML, uhlu lwamakheli wabathuthukisi be-Linux kernel.
• e 1998: Ukwethulwa kweqoqo lokuqala le-Linux ngokuya nge-Top500, eliqukethe ama-node angama-68 anama-Alpha CPUs.
• Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1999 - Linux 2.2: isivele inesistimu yokuphatha inkumbulo esebenza kahle kakhulu, ingezwe ukwesekwa kwe-IPv6, yasebenzisa i-firewall entsha, yethula uhlelo oluphansi lomsindo;
• Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2001 - Linux 2.6- Ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo ze-8-processor 64GB RAM, uhlelo lwefayela le-Ext3, i-USB, ukwesekwa kwe-ACPI.
• Kusukela ngoDisemba 2003 - Linux 2.6: iza nokuxhaswa kwe-SELinux, amathuluzi wokuhlela okuzenzakalelayo we-kernel, ama-sysfs, uhlelo olubukeziwe lokuphathwa kwememori;
• Ngo-2005, i-Xen hypervisor yethulwa, yaqala ngesikhathi sokwenza izinto ngendlela ebonakalayo.
• NgoSepthemba 2008, kwakhiwa inguqulo yokuqala yesikhulumi se-Android esuselwa ku-Linux kernel.
• Julayi 2011 - ukuphela kwegatsha 2.6.x: Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yentuthuko yegatsha le-2.6.x, kwenziwa ushintsho enombolweni engu-3.x Inani lezinto endaweni yokugcina yamaGit selifinyelele ezigidini ezi-2.
• Ngo-2015 - Linux 4.0- ikhishwe, inani lezinto ze-git endaweni yokugcina lifinyelele ezigidini ezi-4.
• Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2019 - Linux 5.0: Indawo yokugcina ifinyelele ezingeni lezinto ze-git eziyizigidi eziyi-6,5.
• Ngo-Agasti 2020 - iLinux 5.8: yayinkulu kakhulu ngokuya ngenombolo yezinguquko zawo wonke ama-kernels phakathi nayo yonke impilo yephrojekthi.