Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka we-Arch Linux 2017

Ngivuselele i- Umhlahlandlela wokufaka we-Arch Linux Kulo nyaka we-2017, ngakho-ke izinguquko zimbalwa, inqubo ihlala ifana. Nginqume ukuchaza i-dualboot ngeWindows ngokucelwa abanye, futhi ukufakwa kumshini obonakalayo.

I-Arch Linux ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux yenzelwe i686 nezinhlelo x86-64, ngokuya ngemodeli yokukhishwa okukhishwayo: (ukufaka okukodwa, akukho "ukukhishwa okusha", izibuyekezo nje) ezihlinzeka ngezinguqulo zakamuva zesoftware eningi. Yize abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi ingeyabantu abaphambili, iqiniso ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ongayifaka esebenzisa iWiki noma yimuphi umhlahlandlela wokufaka onjengalo.

Lo mhlahlandlela usekelwe ku-:

• Inguqulo: 2017.10.01
• I-Kernel: 4.13.3

Okudingeka kuqala.

Uma uzofaka kusuka kumshini obonakalayo, wazi kuphela ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani nokuthi uyiqala kanjani i-ISO.

• Yazi ukuthi ungashisa kanjani iso kwi-CD / DVD noma i-USB
• Yazi ukuthi i-Hardware ikhompyutha yakho injani (uhlobo lwekhibhodi, ikhadi levidiyo, ukwakheka kweprosesa lakho, ukuthi unesikhala sediski esinzima kangakanani
• Lungiselela i-BIOS yakho ukuqala i-CD / DVD noma i-USB lapho une-Arch Linux
• Zizwe uthanda ukufaka i-distro
• Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukubekezela ukubekezela okuningi

Ukunakwa: Uma kungokokuqala ukuthi uzofaka lolu hlelo lokusebenza futhi ungenalo ulwazi lwangaphambilini lweLinux, ngincoma izinto ezi-2:

1.- Into enhle kakhulu ongayenza ukuthi ukufaka okuvela kumshini obonakalayo, njengeVirtualBox noma i-VMware ukuze uqale uvule kancane kancane nangokuqiniseka ukuthi akukho okuzokwenzeka ngoba usemshini obonakalayo.

2.- Uma uzofaka i-Arch Linux njengohlelo olulodwa kukhompyutha yakho Yenza isipele samafayela akho abaluleke kakhulu futhi ube ne-CD / DVD noma i-pendrive yohlelo lwakho lwamanje esiseduze ngoba uma ungakwenzi ukufakwa ngqo noma uma ukufakwa kungakapheli futhi uzolahlekelwa yikho konke.

Landa i-Arch Linux bese ulungisa imidiya yokufaka

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokukwazi ukufaka i-Arch Liunx eqenjini lethu kuzoba landa i-Arch Linux 2017 iso Ngincoma ukulanda nge Isifufula noma isixhumanisi seMagnet.

Imidiya yokufaka i-CD / DVD

• Amawindi: Singakwazi shisa iso nge-Imgburn, UltraISO, Nernoma noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo ngaphandle kwazo ku-Windows 7 futhi kamuva kusinika ithuba lokuchofoza kwesokudla ku-ISO.
• I-Linux: Bangasebenzisa ikakhulukazi leyo eza nezindawo zokuqhafaza, phakathi kwazo kukhona, I-Brasero, k3b, ne-Xfburn.

Indawo yokufaka ye-USB

• IWindows: Can sebenzisa Isifaki se-Universal USB noma iLinuxLive USBzombili kulula ukuzisebenzisa.

I-Linux: Inketho Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umyalo we-dd:

dd bs=4M if=/ruta/a/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx

I-Boot USB / CD Arch Linux

Esikrinini sebhuthi sizosikhombisa okulandelayo kuphela kufanele ukhethe ukwakheka okuhambisana neprosesa yethu.

Izoqala ukulayisha yonke into edingekayo futhi izovela kwimodi yokugcina.

Ukuba kulesi sikrini sizoqala ngokufakwa. Ngokuzenzakalelayo i-Arch Linux inolimi lwesiNgisi, kithi kuzonconywa ukuthi silubeke ngeSpanishi.

Faka ikhibhodi nge-Spanish.

loadkeys la-latin1

Idala ukwahlukana

I-Arch Linux inesici ngamathuluzi alandelayo yokuphathwa kwediski: cfdisk, cgdisk, fdisk. Inketho enkulu Kunconyiwe ukusebenzisa: cfdisk.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo uma kwenzeka ukufaka i-Arch Linux njengowukuphela kwesistimu kukhompyutha yethu, uma kwenzeka sifaka kanye nolunye uhlelo lwe-Linux, kuzodingeka seqe ukwenziwa kwesahlukaniso se-BOOT, kanye nokufakwa kwe-GRUB.

Manje uma i-Arch Linux izofakwa kanye neWindows, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungasusi ukwahlukanisa kwe-mbr uma ungeke ulahlekelwe ukufinyelela kwiWindows.

Imiyalo Dual BOOT Windows & Arch Linux.

Solo kuzodingeka ukuthi uvale inketho "VULA IBHODI" ku-BIOS yakho. Ungangibuzi ukuthi ikuphi, ngoba izinhlobo nezimpawu ze-BIOS zihlukahlukene, kepha kulula ukuthola phakathi kwezinketho ze-BIOS yakho.

I-hard drive kuzofanela ishintshwe usayiziUkunikeza isikhala se-Arch Linux, kunconywa ukuthi ushiye isikhala esingu-40GB, okungenani.

Manje sizoqhubeka nokulandela izinyathelo zokuqala zesifundo size sifinyelele ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cfdisk.

Kuzofanele sazi ukwahlukaniswa IWindows ne-mbr, kanye nendawo esizoyinika i-Arch Linux. I-mbr izohlala isehlukanisweni sokuqala bese ukwahlukaniswa kweWindows kuzoba yi-ntfs, kimi (i-dev / sdb2) nendawo evulekile izosimaka njengendawo yamahhala.

• UEFI: lapha kufanele uqaphele kusukela lapho ukwahlukanisa kokuqala kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nge-EFI boot, ngakho-ke lokhu kuvame lapho i-Windows boot igcinwa ngale ndlela.

$ESP/Microsoft/BOOT/BOOTmgfw.efi

Ngakho-ke kuphela kuzodingeka udale ifolda nge $ ESP / njenge "BOOT". Manje sesingaqhubeka nesifundo, ekugcineni sizoya ekugcineni kwesifundo lapho ngizokushiyela khona imiyalo yokwengeza iWindows ku-GRUB ye-Arch Linux.

Sakha ukwahlukaniswa okungu-4:

1. / IBHODI: Lesi sahlukaniso senzelwe i-GRUB. (kulabo abane-UEFI akudingekile, kuphela ukudala ifolda ye-BOOT ngaphakathi kwalesi sihlukanisi)
2. / ((impande): Lokhu kwahlukaniswa kunconywa ukuthi kube ne-15 Gb, izosingatha wonke amafayela ethu.
3. / ekhaya: Lapho izogcinwa khona imibhalo yethu, izithombe, amavidiyo, njll., ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyinika usayizi omkhulu kunayo yonke.
4. Shintsha: Lokhu kwahlukanisa ukwaba inkumbulo "ebonakalayo" uma kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kuka-2Gb we-RAM. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa ukushintshana okungaphezu kwe-2Gb ye-RAM.

• Kumakhompyutha anememori ye-RAM kuze kufike ku-1 Giga, i-SWAP kufanele ibe nkulu njenge-RAM.
• Ku-2GB i-SWAP kufanele ibe yisiqingatha esikhulu njenge-RAM.

Kusetshenziswa i-cfdisk ukulandelana kwemiyalo kuzoba: Okusha »Okuyinhloko | Kunengqondo »Usayizi (nge-MB)» Ukuqala.

Imininingwane emibili okufanele uyinake: Uma kwenzeka ukwahlukanisa okukhethwe njengeSwap, shintsha inketho ethi "Uhlobo" bese ukhetha 82 (Linux Swap) ohlwini.

Endabeni yokuhlukanisa okhethwe njenge / BOOT, khetha inketho ethi "bootable".

Lapho ukwahlukanisa sekuphelile, sizogcina izinguquko ngo- "Bhala", bese siqinisekisa ngokubhala "yebo", uma lokhu sekwenziwe akukho ukubuyela emuva futhi zonke izinguquko ezenziwe zizoqoshwa.

Ukuphuma khetha okuthi "Yeka". Manje sizoqhubeka nokufometha okwahlukaniswa okwenziwe, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi wazi ukuthi iyiphi indlela okuya kuyo ukwahlukaniswa. Sizoqala ngokufometha ukwahlukanisa kwe-BOOT:

mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sda1

Okokuhlukanisa izimpande:

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2

Okwe / ikhaya:

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda3

Ukufometha ukushintsha, sebenzisa umyalo we-mkswap:

mkswap /dev/sda4

Kusala kuphela ukwenza kusebenze ukushintsha nge:

swapon /dev/sda4

Ukuhlukanisa ukwahlukanisa ohlelweni: Okokuqala sifaka ukwahlukanisa kwe / / en / mnt:

mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

Sakha izinkomba zezinye izingxenye ngaphakathi / mnt:

mkdir /mnt/BOOT

mkdir /mnt/home 

Sifaka izingxenye ezihambisanayo:

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/BOOT mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

Ukuxhuma i-Arch Linux ku-inthanethi (wifi)

Uma sisebenzisa i-laptop futhi singenayo ikhebula lenethiwekhi, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma uhlelo kunethiwekhi ukwenza ukufakwa. Kuzofanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa umyalo:

wifi-menu

Ngemuva kwalokho sizohlola ukuxhumana kwethu ne:

ping -c 3 www.google.com

Ukufaka i-Arch Linux

Sizoqala ngomyalo olandelayo:

pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

Futhi uma siqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-WIFI sizodinga lokhu kusekelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

pacstrap /mnt netctl wpa_supplicant dialog

Iqedile ukufakwa kohlelo lwesisekelo, sizoqhubeka ngeGrub:

pacstrap /mnt grub-bios

Sizokwengeza Ukusekelwa kweMenenja yenethiwekhi:

pacstrap /mnt networkmanager

Isinyathelo ongasikhetha: Faka ukwesekwa ku-TouchPad yethu (uma kwenzeka une-laptop).

pacstrap /mnt xf86-input-synaptics

Ukufaka i-GRUB boot loader

pacstrap /mnt grub-bios

Ilungiselela iSystem

Kulesi sinyathelo sizokwenza izindlela zokumisa ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lwethu. Okokuqala, sizokhiqiza ifayela le-fstab no:

genfstab -p /mnt /mnt/etc/fstab

Kuzo zonke ezinye izenzo zokumisa, sizokhipha uhlelo lwethu olusanda kufakwa:

arch-chroot /mnt

Kufanele setha igama lomethuleli wethu ku- / etc / hostname. Ngokwesibonelo:

localhostecho 'NOMBRE_DEL_HOST /etc/hostname

Manje, sakha isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso (symlink) kusuka / etc / localtime to / usr / share / zoneinfo // (buyisela kususelwa endaweni yakho). Isibonelo, eMexico:

ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Mexico_City /etc/localtime

Sungula amahora endaweni yethu.

• España

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Madrid /etc/localtime

• I-México

ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Mexico_City /etc/localtime

• Guatemala

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Buenos_Aires /etc/localtime

• Colombia

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Bogota /etc/localtime

• Ecuador

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Guayaquil /etc/localtime

• Peru

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Lima /etc/localtime

• Chile

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Santiago /etc/localtime

• Guatemala

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Guatemala /etc/localtime

• El Salvador

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/El_Salvador /etc/localtime 

• Bolivia

ln -sf usr/share/zoneinfo/America/La_Paz /etc/localtime

• Paraguay

ln -sf usr/share/zoneinfo/posix/America/Asuncion /etc/localtime

• Uruguay

ln -sf usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Montevideo /etc/localtime

• Nicaragua

ln -sf usr/share/zoneinfo/posix/America/Managua /etc/localtime

• I-Dominican

ln -sf usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Santo_Domingo /etc/localtime

• Venezuela

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Caracas /etc/localtime

Setha okuncamelayo okwenziwa kwasendaweni ngokuhlela ifayela le / /etc/locale.conf, isibonelo, laseMexico:

echo 'es_MX.UTF-8 UTF-8 /etc/locale.gen echo 'LANG=es_ES.UTF-8 /etc/locale.conf

• España

LANG=es_ES.UTF-8 

• Argentina

LANG=es_AR.UTF-8

• Colombia

LANG=es_CO.UTF-8 

• Ecuador

LANG=es_EC.UTF-8 

• Peru

LANG=es_PE.UTF-8 

• Chile

LANG=es_CL.UTF-8 

• Guatemala

LANG=es_GT.UTF-8 

• El Salvador

LANG=es_SV.UTF-8 

• Bolivia

LANG=es_BO.UTF-8 

• Paraguay

LANG=es_PY.UTF-8

• Uruguay

LANG=es_UY.UTF-8

• Nicaragua

LANG=es_NI.UTF-8

• I-Dominican Republic

LANG=es_DO.UTF-8

• Venezuela

LANG=es_VE.UTF-8

Ngokufanayo, kufayela /etc/locale.gen kufanele singavumeli (susa "#" ekuqaleni kolayini) indawo yakho, isibonelo:

#es_HN ISO-8859-1 es_MX.UTF-8 UTF-8 #es_MX ISO-8859-1

Ngakho-ke manje sesingakwazi khiqiza indawo yakho no:

locale-gen

Akumele sikhohlwe iqiniso lokuthi okungenhla akusunguli ukwakheka kwekhibhodi yethu (esikwenzele iseshini yamanje / nama-loadkeys esinyathelweni 2), ngakho-ke kufanele sisethe ukuguquguquka kwe-KEYMAP ku /etc/vconsole.conf file (kufanele udale leli fayela). Ngokwesibonelo:

echo 'KEYMAP=es /etc/vconsole.conf KEYMAP=la-latin1

Impela uyazibuza:

"Futhi konke lokhu akulungisiwe ku- /etc/rc.conf, ifayela eliyinhloko lokumiswa kwe-Arch Linux?"

Impendulo emfushane ithi: akusekho! Isizathu: Hlanganisa ama-initscript nokulungiswa kwesistimu.

Manje inketho ngayinye yokumisa isethwe kufayela layo elihambisanayo. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zifaka isicelo se-GRUB UEFI ku- $ esp / EFI / grub, faka amamojula ku / boot / grub / x86_64-efi, bese ufaka i-bootable grubx64.efi stub ku- $ esp / EFI / grub_uefi.

Okokuqala, sitshela i-GRUB ukuthi isebenzise i-UEFI, isethe umkhombandlela we-boot, bese isetha i-ID. ukulanda.

Shintsha i- $ esp ngokuhlukanisa kwakho kwe-efi (imvamisa / i-boot): Qaphela: Ngenkathi okunye ukusabalalisa kudinga umkhombandlela we / boot / efi noma / boot / EFI, i-Arch ayifuni. Isiqondisi -Efi kanye ne-bootloader-id kucaciselwe i-GRUB UEFI. Isiqondisi -Efi sicacisa iphuzu lokukhweza le-ESP.

Lokhu kungena esikhundleni se- -root-directory, eyehlisiwe. –I-Bootloader-id icacisa igama lomkhombandlela elisetshenziselwe ukulondoloza ifayela le-grubx64.efi.

Ungaqaphela ukungabikho kwenketho (ngokwesibonelo: / dev / sda) kumyalo:

grub-install

Eqinisweni, noma yikuphi okuhlinzekiwe kuzobe kunganakwa ngumbhalo wokufaka we-GRUB, ngoba i-UEFI boot loaders ayisebenzisi nhlobo i-MBR noma i-boot sector. Kuphela kulabo abane-uefi umyalo wokusebenzisa lokhu

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=$esp --bootloader-id=grub_uefi --recheck/sourcecode] Ahora, configuramos el bootloader, en este caso, GRUB: [sourcecode language="plain"]grub-install /dev/sda

Futhi sakha ifayela le-grub.cfg nge:

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Uma kunesidingo (noma imvamisa kungenjalo), hlela ifayela le / /etc/mkinitcpio.conf ngokuya ngezidingo zakho. Ngakho-ke, sakha idiski yokuqala ye-RAM nge:

mkinitcpio -p linux

Akufanele sikhohlwe ukusetha iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi wezimpande nge:

passwd

Sakha umsebenzisi wethu ngaphandle komsebenzisi wezimpande futhi simnika izimvume ezidingekayo:

useradd -m -g users -G audio,lp,optical,storage,video,wheel,games,power,scanner -s /bin/bash USUARIO

Manje, singashiya imvelo ye-chroot nge:

exit

Sehlisa ukwehlukaniswa okwakwenziwe ngaphambilini ku- / mnt nge:

umount /mnt/{boot,home,}

Futhi ekugcineni, siqala kabusha uhlelo nge:

reboot

Uma ungasusanga imidiya yokufaka i-CD noma i-pendrive, uzobona imenyu yokwamukela futhi, lapho manje kufanele ukhethe inketho yesibili elandelayo, ungakhohlwa ukuyisusa.