I-GnuPG: Ungabethela kanjani futhi ususe ukubhala amafayela

Kulezi zikhathi ezinobuthakathaka obuningi kuzo zombili isoftware nehadiwe lapho lezi zinkinga zingasetshenziswa khona ukufinyelela kude kwimishini ethile futhi zenze nokukhuphuka kwelungelo elikude noma lendawo kumshini wesisulu, kubalulekile ukwenza konke okudingekayo izinqubo zokuphepha kanye nezivumelwano esikwaziyo noma esinakho ukugcina idatha yethu iphephile. Futhi uma usebenza nedatha ebucayi noma unenkampani amaklayenti ayo akunikeza imininingwane, unesizathu esithe xaxa.

Sesivele sikuphindaphindiwe ukusebenza nokungenzi lutho ukuthi kufanele ugcine isistimu ivuselelwa, ugweme ukuba ku-inthanethi lapho kunokwenzeka, idatha ebucayi kakhulu kufanele igcinwe kusitoreji sendawo esisusekayo, ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi imininingwane ihlale ikhona emshinini ukuthi kungaba sengozini, futhi-ke njalo yenza izipele ezivamile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ngincoma ukuthi ubethele okuqukethwe kwamafayela akho noma wenze ukubethela okuphelele kokuhlukaniswa kwakho ukuze idatha ingatholakali ngaphandle kwephasiwedi ukuyisusa ukubhala, noma ngabe uyakwazi ukufinyelela emshinini ...

Kuyini ukubethela?

Kumawebhusayithi amaningi kanye nokufundisa uzothola igama bhala futhi ususe ukubhala ngemfihlo ukubheka ukubethela nokususa ukubethela kwedatha yekhompyutha. Kepha, uma ubungazi, ngizokusho kuwe, la magama anokuphikisana okuthile, noma kubonakala sengathi amukelekile futhi asakazekile ngenxa yokuthi avame kangakanani, ngisho naphakathi kwabachwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Ukudideka kuvela ekufihliwe noma kwisayensi yokufihla, futhi ikakhulukazi kusuka egameni lesiNgisi elithi "encrypt" elivela ku-neologism ethathwe ngqo ku-krypto yesiGreki, futhi ehunyushelwe ngqo eSpain njenge-encrypt.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeSpanishi kubonakala ngathi uthi "faka i-crypt" okuthile "khipha okuthile ku-crypt". Kodwa-ke, uma sihlaziya isiGreki lapho kuvela khona konke lokhu, okuyi- "krypto" kusho ukufihla. Kodwa-ke ungasebenzisa igama olithanda kakhulu ... empeleni iRAE igcine ilamukele njenge umqondofana wokubethela. Mina ngokwami ​​ngincamela ukungazinaki kakhulu lezi zilungiso futhi ngincamela ukusebenzisa zombili ngokufana futhi ngishiye "isayensi noma ubuciko bokucasha" ku-steganography njengegama elibanzi.

Isiphetho, lapho sikhuluma ukubethela noma ukubethela kwedatha noma imiyalezo sikhuluma ngenqubo yokuguqula imininingwane ukuze siyivikele ngandlela thile. Okuvame kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokushintshaniswa kwezinhlamvu noma i-algorithm ukuze imininingwane ebucayi iguqulwe ibe intambo engenamqondo yezinhlamvu, izinombolo nezimpawu. Ngenkathi inqubo yokuqaqwa kwemfihlo noma yokubhala ngokuhumusha iyinqubo ebuyela emuva, lapho lolo lwazi olungenangqondo luguqulwa lube yinto eqondakala emshinini noma kumuntu.

Umlando omncane

Lobu buciko bokwenza kube nzima kubantu besithathu ngokuguqula imininingwane akuyona into entsha, Sekwenziwe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2500 100 edlule. Kusukela kwabaseGibhithe abasebenzisa ama-hieroglyphs ngezikhathi ze-Imperial Rome ngekhodi kaKesari, ebizwa kanjalo ngoba uJulius Caesar (44 BC - XNUMX BC) wayisebenzisa ukubhala ngemfihlo imilayezo ayithumela emabuthweni akhe ukuze kuthi uma le milayezo iwela ezandleni zezitha, babengeke babaqonde futhi bangatholi nethuba lempi kubo.

Ezikhathini zanamuhla futhi sinesibonelo se- umshini we-nazi enigma, elalisebenzisa uchungechunge lwamasilinda ukufaka noma ukubethela imininingwane abaphathi bamaJalimane ababeyidlulisela emasosheni futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele izitha ekwazini ukunyakaza okwakuzokwenziwa amasosha kaHitler. Eqinisweni, yile milayezo ebethelwe ebhebhethekisa i-computing e-United States naseNgilandi, njengoba imishini yokuqala yekhompyutha yadalwa ukuzama ukucacisa le milayezo eyinkimbinkimbi.

Njengoba wazi, kunezinhlobo eziningana izinhlobo zokubethela, ezifana ne-symmetric ne-asymmetric, futhi uzobona ukuthi i-GnuGP noma i-GPG ingasebenza kanjani kuzo zombili izindlela:

• Ukubethela okulinganayo- Uma ukhiye owodwa usetshenziselwa ukubethela nokususa ukubhala imiyalezo, amafayela, njll. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lokubethela singathola futhi sisebenzise ama-algorithm ahlukahlukene wokubethela afana ne-AES, DES, 3DES, njll.
• Ukubethela okungalingani: kulokhu kusetshenziswe izinkinobho ezimbili, eyodwa yomphakathi kanti eyodwa iyimfihlo. Esesidlangalaleni sisetshenziselwa ukubethela futhi okuyimfihlo kususwe ukubethela. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lokubethela sinezindlela zokubethela ezahlukahlukene, njenge-RSA, i-ElGramal, njll.

Isihluthulelo okukuzuzayo ukuthi ngokusebenzisa le algorithm, imininingwane iyaguqulwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukuyithola ngaphandle kokusho ukhiye wokuyiqonda ...

Ingemuva: PGP

Abaningi badida i-PGP ne-GPG futhi akufani. I-PGP imele ubumfihlo obuhle futhi echaza uhlelo olwenziwe nguPhil Zimmermann ukubethela, ukubhala ngemfihlo nokusayina idatha ukuyivikela. Kwavela ngo-1991 futhi kwakuwuhlelo olwaluthandwa kakhulu oluhlanganisa izindlela zokubethela ezilinganayo nezingalingani ukuze kuvikelwe ulwazi.

Kepha i-PGP yayiyi-software ethanda ukuba nenkinga ngenxa yamalayisense amanye ama-algorithms, ayengavulwa futhi ku-PGP Inc. babekhathazeke kakhulu ngamalungelo obunikazi abenza bathathe olunye uhlangothi. UZimmermann waqonda ukuthi izinga lamahhala le-PGP lalibalulekile ngenxa yokubaluleka okwakuthathwe yi-PGP ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke baphakamisa indinganiso ebizwa ngokuthi yi-PGP. I-OpenPGP, okuthile okuzoba yigciwane le-GPG.

Yini i-GPG?

I-GnuPG noma i-GPG (i-GNU Privacy Guard) isoftware eyenziwe yi-FSF (Free Software Foundation) ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisana kwe-OpenPGP. Ngayo ungakwazi ukubhala ngemfihlo nokubethela imiyalezo ecacile, amafayela, futhi wenze amasiginesha edijithali ukuze uvikele okuqukethwe esikudlulisa nge-imeyili noma enye insizakalo yenethiwekhi. Futhi, i-GPG imahhala futhi imahhala ngaphansi kwelayisense le-GPL.

Ungasebenza kusuka kukhonsoli noma i-terminal ngokusebenzisa imiyalo noma kukhona namanye ama-GUI angafakwa noma izinhlelo ezisiza ukusebenza nge-GPG kepha kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo esinobungane futhi enembile kulabo abangayithandi igobolondo kakhulu futhi abayithandayo ukukwenza kusuka kumvelo yedeskithophu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zizozwakala zijwayelekile kuwe, ngoba zithandwa kakhulu ku-Linux distros, njengoba kunjalo nange Seahorse.

Isifundo se-GnuPG:

Njengoba ngithi akuyona ukuphela kwendlela esinayo kwi-distro yethu ukubethela nokususa ukubethela, ngoba maningi amanye amathuba angaphezu kwe-GPG, njenge-OpenPGP uqobo. Eqinisweni sesivele sinikele ezinye izihloko kwezinye izindlela ezinjenge ecryptfs ukubethela izinkomba nokuhlukanisa, i-cryptmount, umlotha, njll. Futhi, uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-GPG ngokusebenzisa noma yimaphi ama-GUI atholakalayo, ukhululekile futhi ukwenza kanjalo, kepha lapha ngizochaza inqubo yokubethela nokususa ukubhala ngamafayela ngokushesha usebenzisa imiyalo evela esigungwini.

Bethela amafayela nge-GPG:

Ukubethela amafayela nge-GPG kusuka kukhonsoli ye-GNU / Linux distro yakho, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuba nayo ufake i-GPG ku-distro yakho, ngoba lokhu ungasebenzisa noma yiliphi ithuluzi lokuphathwa kwephakeji ngoba ubuningi baleli thuluzi benza ukuthi litholakale kuwo wonke amakhosombe. Isibonelo, kuma-Debian nakwezinye izinto ongazama ngazo:

sudo apt-get install gnupg2

Uma isifakiwe ungaqala ukuyisebenzisa. Isibonelo, zicabange unefayela lombhalo ofuna ukulibethela. Sizobiza leli fayela ngokuthi i-private.txt engizofaka kuyo umbhalo LinuxAdictos.com futhi ukuyibethela:

gpg -c privado.txt

Futhi manje Sizobe sesivele sibethelwe ngemuva kokufaka umushwana wokungena lokho kuzosibuza, okungukuthi, ukhiye wokubethela (kusicela futhi ukuthi siqinisekise futhi sibone ukuthi asenzanga iphutha lapho sikuthayipha, ngoba uma ubeka omunye ukhiye futhi ungawukhumbuli noma udideke, ngeke ukwazi ukuyikhipha). iso! Qaphela ngoba ifayela elibethelwe ngeke libizwe ngokuthi yi-private.txt, kepha kunalokho kungezwa isandiso se-.gpg ukulihlukanisa nelinye, ngakho-ke ungadideki lapho uthumela ifayili lokuqala, ngoba ngeke livikelwe ...

Susa ukubhala ngamafayela nge-GPG:

Manje, ungasusa okwangempela uma ufuna bese umane ushiye ifayili eliyimfihlo.txt.gpg elibonakala libethelwe futhi awukwazi ukuwuqonda nhlobo umyalezo esiwufake ngaphakathi kuwo, okhumbula ukuthi igama lale bhulogi. Well uma sifuna bhala ngemfihlo umlayezo futhi siphinde sithole ifayela lethu elingafundeka futhi liqondakale, kuzokwanela thina ukukhumbula iphasiwedi esiyibeka ngaphambili lapho isibuza ngemuva kokwenza lo myalo olandelayo:

gpg privado.txt.gpg

Futhi manje ngemuva faka iphasiwedi Sizophinda sibe nefayela futhi njengaphambi kokubethela. Ngendlela, njengoba ubona kusikrini engisenzile, kungabonakala ukuthi uhlelo lwe-GPG lusebenzise ukubethela kwe-algorithm kwe-AES128 ngokuzenzakalela, ngoba asikacacisi enye indlela lapho sibethela ifayela. Kepha uma ufuna ukuguqula uhlobo lwe-algorithm unga ngokusebenzisa inketho -Cypher-okuthile kulandelwe uhlobo lwe-algorithm oyifunayo kusuka kuleyo esekelwa yi-GPG (ungabona eminye imininingwane ku-man gpg). Futhi uma ufuna ukwazi ama-algorithms asekelwayo, ungawabona nge:

gpg --version

Futhi i- uhlu lwe-algorithm kanye nemininingwane mayelana nenguqulo ye-GPG, njll.

Ungakhohlwa ukushiya ukuphawula kwakho, ukungabaza nokusikisela ... Ngiyethemba lokhu kufundisa kuzoba usizo olukhulu kuwe.