Amapayipi: okudingeka ukwazi ukuqala ukuwasebenzisa ku-GNU / Linux

Una ipayipi noma ipayipie empeleni iyipayipi elitholakalayo le-UNIX / Linux futhi lisebenza kakhulu. Kepha ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi yini ipayipi, kufanele wazi ukuthi endaweni * nix inemifudlana yedatha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi emi-3. Lokho, kulabo abangazi, kusho ukuthi idatha ingahamba iye noma isuke emaphoyinti amathathu.

Ngemuva kwalokho uzokuqonda lokhu ngendlela engcono, kepha engifuna ukukucacisela manje ukuthi ngepayipi ongakwenza ishaneli kusuka kwelinye lalawo maphuzu liye kwamanye. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthatha okukhiphayo noma umphumela lapho uhlelo luphonsa ekubhekeni kokunye okuzosetshenziswa yilowo, Ngizozama ukukuchaza ngezibonelo ezithile ezizokusiza ukuqonde kahle.

Lawomaphuzu bengikhuluma ngawo noma imifudlana yedatha, yilezi:

• stdin: iyahambelana no-0 futhi ingokokufaka okujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, okokufaka okujwayelekile kohlelo * lwe-nix ikhibhodi. Lokho wukuthi, okuthayiphayo kuzoba ulwazi olusetshenzisiwe. Unedivayisi ekhethekile ehlotshaniswa nayo eyi- / dev / stdin.
• stdout: kukhonjwe nge-1, kungukukhishwa okujwayelekile. Imvamisa iyahambelana nokuqapha noma isikrini sekhompyutha yakho, okuyilapho ungabona khona imininingwane. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-ls command uhlu lokuqukethwe luzokhonjiswa esikrinini, akunjalo? Idivayisi ehambisanayo yi- / dev / stdout.
• stderr: ekhonjwe ngo-2, kungukukhishwa kwephutha okujwayelekile, lapho iphutha livela kuhlelo. Idivayisi ehambisanayo yi- / dev / stderr.

Ngombhobho ungenza ukuphuma okujwayelekile noma i-stdout yomyalo owodwa uye ngqo kokufakwayo okujwayelekile komunye. Lokho wukuthi, ungenza uhlelo olulodwa londle olunye. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amapharamitha angene ngekhibhodi, ipayipi liletha imininingwane ekhiqizwe umyalo wangaphambilini ngaleli payipi elimele i- |

cunt izibonelo uzoyiqonda kangcono. Ake sithi ufuna ukufaka kuhlu lwemibhalo, kepha unentshisekelo kuphela yokubona amagama afana negama elithi doc. Ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa ipayipi ukufaka ipayipi lokukhishwa kwe-ls kokufakwayo kwesihlungi se-grep ukuyitshela ukuthi ikhombise kuphela leyo ehambelana nalelo phethini:

ls -l | grep doc

Ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokukukhombisa wonke amagama, ikukhombisa nje lezo ezikuthakazelisa ngempela. Ungenza okufanayo nokuqukethwe yifayela. Cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukubona imininingwane yezinqubo ezibizwa nge-firefox hhayi zonke:

ps aux | grep firefox

Esikhundleni sokukhombisa konke okukhishwa kohlelo lwe-ps esikrinini (stdout), okwenzayo ukukuhambisa ngokufaka okokuhlunga kwe-grep futhi kukhombisa kuphela kokukhiphayo okuhambelana nephethini ye-firefox kuleli cala

Uma ufuna, ungasebenzisa amapayipi ahlukahlukene ukuletha ukukhishwa komyalo owodwa kokufaka komunye umyalo wesibili, nokukhishwa kwalowo wesibili kokufakwayo kokuthathu, njalonjalo. Ngokwesibonelo:

cat libro | grep love | more

Njengoba ubona, amathuba maningi, konke ongakucabanga futhi kuvunyelwe. Ngisho ukhombise kuphela ulayini wokuqala nowokugcina wefayela, ubale imigqa efaka i-wc evela ohlwini, bese uyihlela:

cat listado | head
cat listado | tail
cat listado | wc -l
cat listado | sort

Ungasebenza futhi nge amaphutha nge | & futhi ngokwesibonelo funa isexwayiso segama kokukhishwa kweskripthi uma sehluleka:

./miscript |& grep alerta 

Futhi ekugcineni, kunemiyalo emibili exhumene kakhulu namapayipi ama-tee nama-xargs nokuthi bangaqhubeka nokwelula amathuba alokhu. Endabeni ye-tee, okuzokuvumela ukukhombisa umphumela wohlelo lwangaphambilini kokukhiphayo okujwayelekile ukuze ukwazi ukukubona, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakufaka kwelinye ifayili. Isibonelo kungaba ukuthi uma ubhala okuqukethwe kwesikhombi futhi ufuna ukubona umphumela we-ls -l Okwamanje futhi ukugcine kuhlu lwefayela.txt:

ls -l | tee listado.txt

Uma ungasebenzisi i-tee, ngeke ukwazi ukubona umphumela kukhonsoli yakho ...

Y ama-xargs kuba mnandi nakakhulu kwezinye izimo. Kulokhu iyakwazi ukwakha umyalo kusuka kokufakwayo okujwayelekile okuthola ngepayipi. Ngamanye amagama, iyakwazi ukuthatha konke okwenziwe uhlelo lwangaphambilini ngokukhipha kwayo futhi efinyelela kuma-xargs ngepayipi ukuyidlulisela komunye umyalo njengezimpikiswano.

Namanje awukutholi? Uzobona kangcono kakhulu ngesibonelo. Cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukususa wonke amafayela wesithupha we-thumbs.db kusuka enkombeni, kwidiski, noma ukwahlukanisa. Uma kuningi, kungahle kungenzeki ukuhamba ngakunye ngomyalo we-rm wokuzisusa ngesandla. Kepha ngama-xargs ungenza konke okuzenzakalelayo. Futhi ungakwenza usebenzisa ukuthola ukuzitholela, thumela okukhiphayo ngokufakwa kwama-xargs futhi lokhu kuzonikeza amagama ama-rm njengezimpikiswano. Ngakho-ke, zonke ezitholakalayo zizosuswa ngokuzenzekelayo:

find ./ -name "thumbs.db" | xargs rm

Isibonelo, ake sithi labo bathola indawo /home/name/thumbs.db, /media/test/thumbs.db, kanye /tmp/thumbs.db. Hhayi-ke, ama-xargs azowaletha ku-rm sengathi ayizimpikiswano. Okusho ukuthi, sengathi senze: rm /home/name/thumbs.db, bese rm /media/test/thumbs.db bese kuba rm /tmp/thumbs.db.