Izwe lamahhala: Ama-SIM khadi, i-Intanethi ephathekayo nezingcingo zomhlaba jikelele

Lokhu kungahle kungabonakali njengendatshana efanelekayo yale bhulogi, kepha manje uzobona ukuthi i-Intanethi I-4G, i-inthanethi engenantambo, izingcingo zomhlaba jikelele, ama-SIM khadi nama-Smartphones ahlobene kakhulu nomhlaba womthombo wamahhala noma ovulekile. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizozama ukukwazisa kobunye ubuso balobu buchwepheshe, ubuso obuvuleke kakhulu nobunye obunabo kepha ongabazi njengobentengiselwano.

Ngamafuphi, izihloko esizobhekana nazo zibaluleke kakhulu namuhla, ngoba zonke zisiholela kuzo xhuma emphakathini wethu. Kungakho lapha sizokhuluma ngezinye izindlela ezithokozisayo ezizokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise ubumfihlo bakho futhi ufunde ngamanye amaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile ...

I-4G / LTE Internet:

Esokuqala ukuthi chaza ukuthi yini le 4G sizwa kangakanani. Kubhekisa esizukulwaneni sesine sobuchwepheshe beselula yocingo olususelwa kumthetho olandelwayo we-IP, owandulela i-5G nomlandeli we-3G. Ichazwe yikomidi le-ITU, njengabo bonke ubuchwepheshe balolu hlobo, ukulinganisa isivinini sedatha esiphezulu (100Mbit / s in motion and 1Gbit / s in idle) nokutadisha ubuchwepheshe obuzobhalwa njenge-4G.

Elinye igama okungenzeka ukuthi nawe ulizwile lithi I-LTE (Evolution Yesikhathi Eside), ngokwesibonelo uzobe uwabonile amalebula afana ne-4G LTE. I-LTE umthetho olandelwayo ngaphansi kwezinga leqembu le-3GPP futhi lokho kwesinye isikhathi kungadida, kepha sizochaza umehluko. Kalula nje, i-LTE ingeza isivinini esengeziwe kunethiwekhi "ngezibuyekezo." Isibonelo, inethiwekhi ye-4G ingaba nesivinini sokulanda cishe sama-80Mbps ngenkathi i-LTE ingezwa kuleyo 4G, lapho-ke singakhuphukela ku-300Mbps wokulanda kusigaba 5 se-LTE.

Manje njengoba sesazi okuningi noma okuncane ukuthi yiliphi igama, sizokhuluma ngamanye amagajethi noma isoftware evulekile ukusizakala ngalobu buchwepheshe. Isibonelo ngu I-OpenLTE, ukuqaliswa okuvulekile kokucaciswa kwe-3GPP LTE ukusebenza nezimpawu ze-LTE ngokususelwa kwenye iphrojekthi yamahhala ebizwa ngeGNU Radio. Ngale ndlela sizoba nokuxhumana okuvuleke ngokwengeziwe kwe-LTE sibonga umakhi we-openLTE, uFabrice Bellard (ongamazi ngokwakha amanye amaphrojekthi afana ne-ffmpeg, i-QEMU, umshini obonakalayo we-Linux ku-JavaScript, njll.).

Okwalabo abangazi Umsakazo we-GNU, ukusho ukuthi elinye ithuluzi elivulekile elihlinzeka ngamabhulokhi wokucubungula amasiginali ukusebenzisa amasistimu omsakazo wesoftware. Ngehadiwe yeRF (Radio Frequency) elungile, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumana olusebenzayo noma umane usebenzise iGNU Radio ukwenza ukulingisa kokuxhumana. I-GNU Radio isebenzisa i-USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) njenge-transceiver yekhompyutha ene-A / D, D / A converters, njll.

I-Intanethi engenantambo (engenantambo):

Ngaphandle kwabashayeli bamakhadi wenethiwekhi yomthombo ovulekile namadivayisi angenazintambo, kukhona namanye amaphrojekthi athakazelisayo. I-OpenWireless.org kuyisibonelo senhlangano ehlose ukwakha ikusasa le-Intanethi elivuleke ngokuphelele futhi likhona yonke indawo. Okuthile okufana nalokho ubuhlakani u-Elon Musk (umdali we-PayPal, i-SpaceX, i-Tesla Motros, njll.) Ofuna ukukwenza, ohlose ukwethula iphrojekthi yokuvelela yokufaka ama-satellite angama-4000 emzileni wawo futhi anikeze ukumboza noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ungahle ube nentshisekelo kwamanye amawebhusayithi afana ne- KandleOne.com, lapho uzothola khona ulwazi oluningi mayelana nama-routers ne-firmware.

Futhi asikwazi ukukhohlwa amaphrojekthi amahle njenge Vula-Mesh, ekuvumela ukuthi wakhe futhi usebenzise amanethiwekhi we-WiFI angabizi ngendlela elula. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, singanweba indawo yethu yokufaka izintambo ngokuvumela izindawo zokufinyelela ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhona. Akungabazeki ukuthi iyathakazelisa imvelo yasekhaya kanye nebhizinisi, ngokuguquguquka nokonga izindleko okuvula amaphrojekthi okubandakanya.

Futhi ungakhohlwa I-OpenWrt, iLinux distro yamadivayisi wenethiwekhi njengama-routers (futhi kuma-P2P node, amaseva wefayela, amaseva we-Webcam, i-firewall nezindlela ze-VPN). Ama-routers afana namakhompyutha amancane anikezelwe ukuphatha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, ngakho-ke adinga izinto ezinjenge-microprocessor, imemori, i-O / O, kanye nohlelo olushumekiwe olusebenzayo. Ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-GPL, yaphakanyiswa ukuze abakhiqizi bama-routers bakhiphe amakhodi abo futhi kancane kancane kukhule kwaba nguchwepheshe.

I-OpenWISP kungenye yesikhulumi esivulekile sokusebenzisa insiza ephelele ye-WiFi. Ukwenza lokhu, i-OpenWISP iyi-suite ephelele yesoftware efaka izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisi-5, kanye nabashayeli, ezitholakala kulezo ezisetshenziswa e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe ase-Europe ukunikela ngezinsizakalo ze-WiFi zomphakathi. Ungaba nentshisekelo yokwazi kabanzi nge-OpenWISP efana ne-OpenWUMS, OpenWM ne-OpenWF, OpenWRT, OpenWGM, OpenWCPM ne-OpenWMW.

Izingcingo zomhlaba jikelele

Akunasidingo sokuchaza ukuthi ini Izingcingo zomhlaba jikelele, kepha ngithanda ukuchaza okuthile ngeVoIP. Iningi lenu selizobazi kahle lobu buchwepheshe, kepha kulabo abangabazi, I-VoIP (Voice over IP) Kuyisethi yezinsizakusebenza zamakholi wezwi nge-Intanethi ngaphezulu kweprotocol ye-IP. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, izwi lizohamba ngendlela yamaphakethe wedatha edijithali esikhundleni sokwenza ngendlela ye-analog njengakwezingcingo ezijwayelekile, futhi esikhundleni sokwenza lokho ngenethiwekhi yocingo, lizokwenza kanjalo kwi-Intanethi.

I-VoIP ibilokhu ingukuqaliswa kokusebenza nokuhwebelana kwenethiwekhi yokuhlola eyasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obufanayo futhi eyasungulwa i-ARPANET ngo-1973. Kodwa akumele sididanise i-IP telephony (esabalele kakhulu kamuva nje) neVoIP. Umehluko oyisisekelo ukuthi iVoIP ayizidingi izinombolo zocingo, kodwa Ucingo lwe-IPYize isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beVoIP, ibuye isebenzise izinombolo ze-E.164.

Well, ukwenza izingcingo zikazwelonke nezamazwe omhlaba ngeVoIP, uzokwazi ukuthi kunamaphrojekthi amaningi wemithombo evulekile yalokhu. Kepha ngithanda ukugqamisa ezimbili zazo: i-Antartec neLinphone. Yize kunezinye eziningi zeLinux. Ukhululekile ukusebenzisa noma yini oyifunayo. Khumbula ukuthi iMicrosoft Skype nayo iyatholakala, yize ngithanda ezinye izindlela zamahhala njenge Uzwela, i-Ekiga, i-KDE Softphones, Njll

Ama-SIM khadi: ubungozi nezinye izindlela

I-Las Amakhadi e-SIM bangaba nendatshana ehlukile yokukhuluma kabanzi ngabo. Kepha ukusho ukuthi i-SIM yisifinyezo se-Subscriber Identity Module. Ikhadi elikhona ku-SIM, i-microSIM, i-nanoSIM namafomethi we-SIM ashumekiwe, futhi umsebenzi wawo ukugcina “ngokuphepha” ukhiye wensizakalo wobhalisile ukuze azikhombe kwinethiwekhi, yize ingakwazi nokugcina ikhodi ye-PIN kwimemori nezinombolo zocingo kusuka isiqondisi sethu njengoba kungenzeka usuvele uyazi.

Ngaphambi kwezambulo zakamuva zika-Edward Snowden nokuqinisa ezokuphepha, i-Apple yethule enye i-SIM khadi ehlelwayo noma i-Soft SIM yamadivayisi ayo, okungukuthi, ama-SIM angaqoshwa yi-software futhi aqoshwe kabusha noma kunini lapho ufuna ngaphandle kokuwashintsha .

Vele, akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi kunamaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile azungeze ama-SIM khadi. Njengehadiwe evulekile yokufunda amakhadi we-SIM nokuyisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi ane-Arduino, njll, kanye ne-AnySIM, isoftware manje engumthombo ovulekile futhi evumela ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi i-SIM khadi kumadivayisi we-iPhone. Ngaphezu kwamanye amaphrojekthi athakazelisayo afana ne- Vula i-SIM Kit, ukuguqula imininingwane yamakhadi we-SIM nokuguqula okunye kokusebenza kwawo.

Amaphrojekthi we-IoT: i-Intanethi yezinto

Futhi ngeke kube kuhle ukuqeda le ndatshana ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngayo IoT noma i-Intanethi yezinto imfashini kangakanani. Njengoba wazi, ushintsho olusuka ku-IPv4 luye ku-IPv6 selulethe inani elingapheli lama-IPs asusa ukulinganiselwa kwe-IPv4, okuphele ngendlela lapho abakhiqizi bafuna ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo le mayini entsha ukuxhuma cishe noma iyiphi idivayisi kunethiwekhi, kusuka ku- I-TV, okugqokekayo, okokusebenza, izimoto ezixhunyiwe, amathoyizi, njll.

Futhi kuleli zwe le-IoT kunenqwaba yamaphrojekthi womthombo wamahhala futhi avulekile, kokubili isoftware ne-hardware. Amaphrojekthi afana ne-Arduino namanye ama-clones, kanye namabhodi we-SBC afana ne-Raspberry Pi, agxume kwi-bandwagon ye-IoT, kanye namanye amaphrojekthi afana ne-hardware evulekile ye-IoT, izivumelwano, isoftware, imizamo, izisekelo,. .. Ngakho-ke uhlu lapha alupheli, kepha ngithanda ukugqamisa:

• mangoOH
• Kaa
• Kura
• Umhlanga
• I-OpenRemote
• I-AllSeen Alliance
• Vula i-Interconnect Consortium
• QEDELA
• eclipse
• OSHWA
• I-AMQP

Ngiyethemba ukuthandile okungenani ukukuqondisa kulo mhlaba esiwusebenzisa nsuku zonke kepha esingazi kangako, okungenani ngokwami. Noma imuphi umnikelo, isiphakamiso noma ukugxekwa kuzokwamukeleka. Shiya imibono yakho ...