Selokhu azalwa I-Linux njenge-kernel, kwaba nezimpikiswano, kuthiwa linus torvalds Wayengenaso isiqiniseko sokunikeza inhlamvu yakhe, ekugcineni wakwenza, kodwa hhayi ngoba eseqedile ukuzikholisa ngombono UStallman kepha ukuthola impendulo engcono futhi, ngicabanga, ukusebenzisa ithuba le- Iphrojekthi ye-GNU.
Ngicabanga ukuthi vele kuleso sinqumo se- isi-Finish Besivele sibona amaqembu amabili emhlabeni weLinux, womabili asondelene futhi aphikisanayo, kanye nenkululeko kuqhathaniswa ne-conservatism, enjengobusoshiyali nobuphikisana nobungxiwankulu. Ngikhuluma ngomthombo ovulekile (umthombo ovulekile) nesoftware yamahhala.
Ingabe zazingafani?
Ngiyaxolisa ukukutshela ukuthi cha, awafani naku- LXA! Sizokukhombisa ukuthi yini umehluko:
Yini isoftware yamahhala?
Kuyinto ohlangothini lwabantu bakwa I-GNU ngakho-ke, URichard Stallman. Bathi i- isoftware kumele ibe mahhala SiempreBanethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga yonke i-software izoba mahhala futhi idinga ukuthi abalandeli babo basebenzise kuphela isoftware yamahhala futhi abavumeli ukuhlinzekwa kwesoftware ephathelene. Amalayisense avunyelwe yiFree Software Foundation awavumeli ukuthi ikhodi yesoftware iphinde ivalwe.
Isitatimende sabo semigomo (bayibiza ngenkululeko ezine) singokulandelayo:
- Qalisa uhlelo nganoma iyiphi injongo
- Funda futhi uguqule uhlelo
- Kopisha uhlelo ukuze ukwazi ukusiza umakhelwane noma omunye umuntu
- Thuthukisa uhlelo bese ushicilele ukuthuthuka
Amalayisense ahlangabezana nale mibono yile:
- Ilayisense Yomphakathi Jikelele ye-GNU (ilayisense lesoftware yamahhala ngokuncoma)
- Ilayisense Yomphakathi Jikelele ye-GNU (ilayisense elingaxhunyaniswa nemitapo yolwazi evaliwe)
- I-GNU Affero General Public License (ilayisense elenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwa kuwebhu kepha alithandwa kakhulu futhi engisazama ukuliqonda.
- Ilayisense Lezincwadi Zamahhala le-GNU (Ilayisensi yemibhalo yamahhala, ingasetshenziswa ngokuphelele kubhulogi futhi iyona esetshenziswa yiWikipedia).
Manje uyini Umthombo Ovulekile?
Abantu abathanda umthombo ovulekile bathembela kakhulu kunokubukeka, uma imibono yesoftware yamahhala isondele kuStallman, lawa asondele kakhulu kuLinus Torvalds, abanandaba nokuthi yonke isoftware emhlabeni imahhala kunalokho, bakholelwa ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukuba nekhodi yomthombo ukuyiguqula ngokuthanda kwabo. Zihlelwe ku-Open Source Initiative (OSI).
Bakholelwa ezimisweni eziyi-10:
- Ukwabiwa kabusha kwamahhala: isoftware kufanele inikezwe ngokukhululekile noma ithengiswe.
- Ikhodi yomthombo- Ikhodi yomthombo kufanele ifakwe noma itholakale ngokukhululeka.
- Imisebenzi etholakele: ukwabiwa kabusha kokuguqulwa kufanele kuvunyelwe.
- Ubuqotho bekhodi yomthombo yombhali- Amalayisense angadinga ukuthi ukwenziwa kabusha kusatshalaliswe kuphela njengamamaki
- Akukho ukucwaswa kwabantu noma kwamaqembu: akekho ongasala ngaphandle.
- Akukho ukubandlululwa kwezindawo zokuqala: Abasebenzisi bebhizinisi abakwazi ukukhishwa.
- Ukusatshalaliswa kwelayisense- Amalungelo afanayo kufanele asebenze kuwo wonke umuntu othola lolu hlelo.
- Ilayisense akufanele icaciswe womkhiqizo: uhlelo alunakunikezwa kuphela njengengxenye yokusabalalisa okukhudlwana.
- Ilayisense akufanele ikhawulele enye isoftware: ilayisense alinakuphoqa ukuthi noma iyiphi enye isoftware esatshalaliswa nge-software evulekile nayo kufanele ibe ngumthombo ovulekile.
- Ilayisensi kufanele ibe ukungathathi hlangothi kwezobuchwepheshe- Ukwamukelwa kwelayisense ngokufinyelela kokuchofoza ngegundane noma okuhlukile okuqondene nesoftware akufanele kudingeke.
¿Babheke iphoyinti 9? Uma ubufuna umehluko ocacile phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nomthombo ovulekile, lapho unawo.
La NOMA UMA yamukela amalayisense we FSF kanye neqoqo labanye abaningi amalayisense nawo avulekile.
Ngabe konke lokhu kunendaba?
Ngokwami, ngicabanga ukuthi ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zikhundla ezimbili kunendaba, manje sesivele sazi ukuthi ezweni le-Linux kunezikhundla ezimbili, ukuthi akuyona yonke into emnyama, kukhona nempunga.
Ngikushiya nesilinganiso esivela ku- UPaolo Colonello (umdali weBligoo, ipulatifomu yokubhuloga) osichazela ngama-apula:
Njengesibonelo, ummeli we Isoftware yamahhala phambi kweWindows kungasho into efana nale:
"Le software ayinasimilo, ngoba anginalo ilungelo lokubona ukuthi lenzani kwikhompyutha yami ”kanye nomvikeli we Open Source angathi "Le software isezingeni eliphansi ngoba bambalwa abantu ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwayo futhi kuya ngenkampani eyodwa (iMicrosoft) ukuguquka "
Usohlangothini lukabani?
Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngencazelo elula oyinikezayo. Ngisohlangothini lomthombo ovulekile, iqiniso ukuthi uma kufanele ngikhokhele isoftware eyenza lokho engikudingayo futhi akukho okunye emakethe, awu, akunandaba, kuyakhokha. Kepha okokuqala kufanele ubheke izinketho, zombili ukonga iphakethe lakho, nokuthola izinzuzo kusoftware engashicilelwanga ngenxa yokumaketha okuncane okungenziwa izinkampani eziningi noma abahleli bohlelo.
Ngingasho ukuthi isoftware yamahhala iyimbono, kuyilapho i-opensource iyindlela yokuthuthuka.
Ngizibheka ngisehlangothini lomthombo ovulekile. Ngikholwa ukuthi inkululeko kufanele futhi ibe khona kumqambi lapho ekhetha indlela yokusabalalisa ikhodi yakhe, uma engafuni ukuyaba, akufanele ithathwe njengokuziphatha okubi, kepha kunalokho ukhetha ukugcina umsebenzi wakhe uyimfihlo futhi anakekele ukugcina isoftware uqobo.
Ngiyacela, kuwo wonke amazwana: funda kabanzi nge-SL ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngama-basicism nokuba nomqondo ovulekile ngokwengeziwe. Akekho umuntu ofaka isibhamu esiphongweni sakho noma okufaka ejele ngokungasebenzisi i-SW yamahhala, kepha ngenxa yokwephula ilungelo lobunikazi.
Akunandaba ukuthi kungaba ngubani, KONKE kuyinto yezombusazwe futhi izinqumo zethu, noma ngabe zincane kangakanani, zinemiphumela kuwo wonke amazinga.
I-SW namuhla 'ithukuthele' kuzo zonke izingxenye zempilo futhi, kokuhle noma kokubi, izongena ekujuleni kokusondelana kwethu: siqinisekile ukuthi sizovumela abanye baklame noma bathathe ithuba lokukushiyela wena Umuntu wesithathu ozohlolwa?
Bengihlala ngiwuthanda Umthombo Ovulekile. I-Fundamentalism akufanele ibe yingxenye yokuphila kwekhompyutha, futhi i-Free Software kumele ngezikhathi ezithile "kufanele yehlise ushintsho", futhi isuse ukushisekela ngokweqile okungadala ubumpumputhe, kuze kube seqophelweni lokusebenzisa i-ONLY Free Software futhi kungabi nje yi-SL!
Zanele Izisekelo. Basilimaze kakhulu esintwini ...
URoberto, Ngokuphula imithetho ye-copyright abazibeki isibhamu ekhanda lakho futhi. Manje, uma wephula ilungelo lobunikazi nezingane ezinhlanu, mhlawumbe zikhona. Kufanele weqe ngokweqile empilweni, kufanele ukhethe ezimpunga, ngoba akukho okuhle noma okubi okungu-5%.
URoberto: into eyisisekelo (futhi uma ... bekufanele ngigxume ngoba ungitshele yona) ngikusho ngoba KUMBONO WAMI (futhi lapho awungeni lapho noma omunye umuntu), njalo lapho ngizwa ngeFree Software, weqa ikhanda lami kuRicardito Stallman, onama-distros ama-2 noma ama-3 athanda yena, ngoba amanye awakhululekile ayi-100%.
Mhlawumbe ngizwa ubuhlungu ukuthi uthi kufanele sifunde kabanzi. Ngukuthi uma umuntu engena kwi-LXA, ahlangabezane nale ndatshana, anganikeza umbono wokuthi uyathandeka (uhlala ehlonipha abanye futhi ekhuluma nenqubo ethile), kepha ebeka isibhamu ekhanda, ngicabanga ukuthi ukwenze ngokubuza ukuthi imibono ube "nokubumbana" okuthe xaxa nokuthi sifunde okuthile okufundile thina esingenakho.
Kwesinye isikhathi, kufanele wamukele indlela abantu ababona nabacabanga ngayo. Ngokwazi kwami, inkululeko yangempela ikwazi ukuthi "ungakhetha kanjani", hhayi ukuthi KONKE kube 100% mahhala futhi "kuqeda" umbuso weMicrosoft (abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele kube njalo), futhi ngiyaphinda ngithi: EMBONWENI WAMI R UStallman (engingamazi) uvikela lezi zinto: 100% Free Software.
Ngiyethemba uyawuhlonipha umbono wami nendlela yami yokubona izinto, futhi ngiyaxolisa ngombono wami ngaphandle kokuthi ngikufundile.
Ukubingelela okukhulu.
Ngenxa yokwephulwa kwelungelo lobunikazi, abamkhombi umuntu ngesibhamu .. Ngoba imvamisa labo abanala masudi asemthethweni basangulukile ngokwanele ukuthi bangabaleki noma bazame ukubaleka .. Uma bekwenzile, njengoba kade kunamacala, bambalwa kepha unikele, ufika kulezo zenzo .. Kuseseyicala, hhayi njengembi njengokufa kothile, kepha kuyicala.
Lolu wudaba OLUSEMQOKA hhayi nje ngoba lusithinta njengama-linuxers kepha ngoba luqukethe okuzoba yisinqumo esizophenduka indawo ezimbonini ezinkulu zama-software lapho abantu befunda ukukwazisa lokhu, izinto zizoshintsha kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngikholelwa ukuthi umbono kaStallman unamandla kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo umbono wakhe we-copyleft unemingcele njengalowo we-copyright futhi awuvumeli ushintsho olulula lwezinkampani, into ebalulekile okwamanje ukuhlala phakathi kwezicelo zomthombo wokuphathelene nokuvulekile futhi bese uthatha ukuxhuma okukhulu.
Kepha nakanjani le isoftware yesikhathi esizayo kufanele ilayisensi.
Kuyahlekisa, bangaki abantu abaphendukayo ukuvikela umthombo ovulekile, kepha ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kweFree Software ne-Open Source Software, kufanele sizibeke ohlangothini lomsebenzisi wesoftware (iningi lethu lapha ngicabanga ukuthi siyikho). Lapho sesibonile ukuthi singabasebenzisi, sizoqonda ukuthi into enhle kakhulu engenzeka kithina ukuthi isoftware imahhala, ngoba umthombo ovulekile kuphela umbono walabo abenza isoftware futhi benze imali ngayo, izinkampani ezinkulu ngokuvamile.
Nge-software yamahhala, abasebenzisi bayo abasoze balahlekelwa yizinzuzo zomthombo ovulekile, ngoba ngobuchwepheshe yonke isoftware yamahhala ingena esigabeni sesoftware yomthombo ovulekile, kepha okuphambene nalokho akunjalo.
Ngincoma ukuthi ufunde incwadi ethi "Free Software for a Free Society" ebhalwe nguRichard M. Stallman, mhlawumbe uzokuqonda ukunyakaza kwesoftware kwamahhala.
http://biblioweb.sindominio.net/pensamiento/softlibre/
Ah! Enye into ebalulekile, kunephutha ku-athikili, lapho ithi:
"Amalayisense avunyelwe yiFree Software Foundation awavumeli ukuthi ikhodi yesoftware iphinde ivalwe futhi."
Yebo, kukhona namalayisense, futhi athathwa njengamahhala, avumela ukuvala ikhodi yomthombo, njengelayisense ye-BSD eguquliwe, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze- * BSD, i-Apple eyisebenzise ukwenza uhlelo lwayo lwe-Mac OS X ngokususelwa kwiFreeBSD izinhlamvu.
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.es.html#SoftwareLicenses
@ 123: Amazwana wakho wokugcina aye kogaxekile, kepha sengikubuyisile.
Kuwo lowo musho bengifuna ukusho lokhu okushilo.Kulelo khasi olishoyo, i-FSF ikhombisa wonke amalayisense lapho i-software ye-copyleft engasebenza ngokomthetho ukuthi ihlale injalo, okungasho ukuthi zithanda i-FSF. Bakhuluma lapho ngohlaka lomthetho.
Ukubingelela
Abantu bomthombo ovulekile bafuna ukuthi isoftware isebenze nganoma yiziphi izimiso zokuziphatha. Abakhathalele ukuthi kuyilimaza yini Inkululeko yabantu. Okugxile kukho wukuthi izinkampani zingaba nenzuzo enkulu nokuthi ochwepheshe banokuningi okumele bakukhokhe.
Isoftware yamahhala ihlale inezindinganiso zokwenza umsebenzi wenziwe. Le yincazelo engcono yomehluko.
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.es.html
Siyakuhalalisela ngendatshana, enhle kakhulu.
Mayelana nomthombo ovulekile sizobe sikhuluma nge-linux kernel yenkampani egcwele amabhulogi okuphathelene amukela i-GPL3 (I-General Public License 3) lapho yonke imithombo evulekile yomthombo iveza khona.
Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona i-Linux-libre:http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre
ngawo (ngaphandle kwanoma iluphi uhlobo lwenkampani) ama-distros we-100% wamahhala weSoftware akhiwa ngokwendabuko: http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.es.html (Phakathi kwayo iTrisquel 4.0.1 'taranis' ivelele ngokuba phambili kakhulu: http://trisquel.info/es/download), kuhle ngokwesibonelo sinalawo ma-distros abusisiwe njengabalulekile futhi aphelele njenganoma yimuphi umthombo ovulekile wobunikazi ubuntu, debian, openSUSE, njll.
Vele, umehluko phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nezindaba zomthombo ovulekile, kangangoba zonke izinhlelo zombili ku-firmware nakuzinhlelo nemitapo yolwazi (futhi alukho uhlelo lobunikazi olusetshenziswa kuyo yonke iwebhu yomhlaba) yohlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala lwe-100% gwema yonke isoftware engenayo nhlobo inkululeko ngaphansi kwe-GPL ne-GPL2.
Impela abavikeli bomthombo ovulekile bazophuma bethi "kahle uma ufuna ukukhululeka, ngokwesibonelo, i-debian cindezela ukufaka i-linux-libre futhi yilokho, isoftware yamahhala" kepha kusazoba nethuba lokungeza amakhosombe okuphathelene nemithombo emithonjeni ifayela .list Lokhu kwenzelwa noma yimuphi umthombo ovulekile we-distro. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna ukufaka okugciniwe kufayela le-sources.list le-gNewSense noma i-UTUTU noma i-Dragora (ngokwesibonelo), lapho kamuva uvuselela i-database ku-terminal uzoba nomyalezo othi: 'umyalo awutholakali' ngoba AWAMUKELI amakhosombe okuphathelene ne-100% ama-distros amahhala.