Ushicilelo lwama-54 lwe-TOP 500 selushicilelwe kanti iLinux iyaqhubeka nokulawula amakhompyutha anamandla kakhulu emhlabeni

Uhlelo olusha lwezinga lamakhompyutha asebenza kahle kakhulu angama-500 selushicilelwe emhlabeni, lokhu kunguhlelo lwama-54. Ngaphandle kwalokho kuNgasikhathi sinye, inguqulo entsha ye- esinye isiquku-Graph 500 yezinhlelo zamaqoqo, yakhelwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezinkulu ezihlobene nokulingiswa kwezinqubo zomzimba nemisebenzi yokucubungula amasethi wedatha amakhulu atholakala kulezi zinhlelo. Isilinganiso se-Green500 asisakhishwa ngokwehlukana futhi sihlanganiswa ne-Top500.

Mayelana nohlelo olusha lwe-TOP 500 singathola ukuthi abaholi abayishumi abaphezulu abakashintshi kusukela lapho, okokuqala, ezingeni, I-IBM izibeka ngeqoqo leSummit e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Iqoqo isebenzisa iRed Hat Enterprise Linux futhi inezinhlamvu eziyizigidi ezingama-2,4 iprosesa (isebenzisa ama-CPU angama-9-core IBM Power22 3.07C 22GHz kanye nama-NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), enikeza ukusebenza kwama-petaflops ayi-148.

Ngenkathi ye- indawo yesibili kuhlala iqembu laseMelika iSierra, efakwe yi-IBM eLivermore National Laboratory esekwe kwipulatifomu efana neNgqungquthela futhi ikhombisa ukusebenza ezingeni lama-petaflops angama-94 (cishe ama-cores ayisigidi esingu-1,5).

Okwesithathu, kuneqoqo lamaShayina iSwayway TaihuLight, esebenza esikhungweni sikazwelonke samakhompiyutha amakhulu eChina, okubandakanya ama-cores angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 futhi kukhombisa ukusebenza kwama-petaflops angama-93. Naphezu kokusebenza okuseduze, iqoqo laseSierra lisebenzisa ingxenye yamandla eSunway TaihuLight.

Okwesine yiqoqo lamaShayina iTianhe-2A, okubandakanya ama-cores acishe abe yizigidi ezi-5 futhi kukhombisa ukusebenza kwama-petaflops angama-61.

I-Frontera Cluster, eyenziwe nguDell weTexas Computer Center, isendaweni yesihlanu ohlwini. Iqoqo lisebenzisa i-CentOS Linux 7 futhi lifaka ngaphezu kwe-448 Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz-cores-based. Usayizi we-RAM ophelele yi-1.5 PB, futhi ukusebenza kufinyelela kuma-petaflops angama-23, okuyizikhathi eziphindwe ka-6 kunomholi wesilinganiso.

Mayelana nokusatshalaliswa ngenombolo yama-supercomputer emazweni ahlukahlukene, kulo magazini omusha, kusatshalaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• I-China: 228 (219 - six months ago). Sekukonke, bakhiqiza u-31.9% wakho konke ukukhiqiza (uhhafu wonyaka odlule - 29.9%).
• I-United States: 117 (116). Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kulinganiselwa kuma-37.8% (uhhafu wonyaka odlule - 38.4%).
• EJapan: 29 (iyaqhubeka ngenombolo efanayo nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule)
• EFrance: 18 (19).
• EJalimane: 16 (14).
• ENetherlands: 15 (13).
• I-Ireland: 14 (13).
• IGreat Britain: 11 (18).
• I-Canada 9 (8).
• E-Italy: 5 (iyaqhubeka ngenombolo efanayo nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule).
• ISingapore 4 (5).
• E-Australia, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Russia: 3.

Ukusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile kwenani labasebenzisi be-supercomputer ezingxenyeni ezehlukene zomhlaba kume kanje: ama-supercomputer angama-274 ase-Asia (izinyanga ezingama-267 eziyisithupha ezedlule), ayi-129 aseMelika (127) nama-94 aseYurophu (98), ama-3 ase-Oceania.

Ekuhlukanisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe Kuma-computer amakhulu, iLinux iyaqhubeka nokulawula ku-TOP 500.

Ukusatshalaliswa kokuhanjiswa kweLinux:

• Ama-49.6% awachazi ukusatshalaliswa,
• I-26.4% isebenzisa i-CentOS.
• I-6.8% Cray Linux.
• I-4.8% RHEL.
• I-3% SUSE.
• 2% Ubuntu.
• 0.4% Isayensi yeLinux.

Umkhawulo wokusebenza omncane ukufaka iTop500 izinyanga eziyi-6 lenyuke lisuka ku-1022 laya ku-1142 teraflops (Ngonyaka odlule angama-272 kuphela amaqembu asebenze kangcono kunama-petaflops, ayi-138 eminyakeni emibili eyedlule, angama-94 94 eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule).

Inani eliphelele lazo zonke izinhlelo ezihlukanisweni zonyaka lenyuke lisuka ku-1.559 laya ku-1.650 exaflops (eminyakeni emithathu edlule kwakukhona ama-petaflops angama-566). Uhlelo oluvala isilinganiso samanje lwalungu-397º kumagazini odlule nangama-311º ngonyaka owedlule.

Ama-CPU ayinhloko ama-Intel CPUs: 94% (uhhafu wonyaka odlule bekuyi-95.6%), IBM Power: 2.8% (2.6%) endaweni yesibili, i-AMD 0.6% (0.4%) endaweni yesithathu, i-0.6% ku-SPARC64 yesine (0,8%).

Ama-35.6% (isigamu sonyaka owedlule u-33.2%) wabo bonke amaprosesa asetshenzisiwe anama-cores angama-20, 13.8% (16.8%) - ama-cores ayi-16, 11.2% (11.2%) - ama-cores ayi-12, 11% (11.2%) - ama-cores ayi-18, 7.8% (7%) - ama-cores ayi-14.

Amasethi ayi-144 kwangu-500 (isigamu sonyaka esidlule - 133) baphinde basebenzise ama-accelerator noma ama-coprocessorngenkathi Amasistimu we-135 asebenzisa amachips we-NVIDIA (engxenyeni yonyaka edlule bekukhona abayi-125), ama-5 asebenzisa i-Intel Xeon Phi (5), i-1 PEZY (1), kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezi-1 ze-hybrid (bekuyi-1), ku-1 - Matrix-2000 (1), ku-1 AMD Vega I-GPU (ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, awekho ama-accelerator we-AMD asetshenzisiwe).

Phakathi kwabakhiqizi beqoqo, uLenovo ubekwe endaweni yokuqala: 34.8% (34.6% ngonyaka owedlule), i-Sugon 14.2% (12.6%) ikleliswe endaweni yesibili, i-Inspur yehlele endaweni yesithathu - 13.2% (14.2%), iHewlett- ibekwe endaweni yesine ePackard - 7% (8%) no-7% ( 7.8%), kulandele i-Atos - 4.6%, IBM 2.6 (2.4%), iFujitsu 2.6% (2.6%), iPenguin Computing - 2.2% (1.8%), iDell EMC 2.2% (3%), iHuawei 2% (1.4 %), I-NVIDIA 1.2%. Eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, ukusatshalaliswa kwabakhiqizi kwakumi kanje: IHewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, iCray 10.2%, kanye ne-SGI 3.8%.

Umthombo: https://www.top500.org/