Izolo Iminyaka engama-50 isidlulile umyalezo wokuqala othunyelwe kulokho namuhla esizokushayela umanduleli walokho namuhla okuyi-INTERNET. Futhi ingabe lokho NgoLwesibili, Okthoba 29, 1969 ngo-22: 30 ekuseni, Isikhathi saseCalifornia eHholo 3420 e-UCLA Boelter Hall (University of California, Los Angeles), abacwaningi basungula ukuxhumana kokuqala phakathi kwamakhompyutha amabili akude kunethiwekhi yezempi yase-US i-ARPANET.
Ngalolo suku, ukudluliswa kwedatha yokuqala ekude bekuvela kukhompyutha e-UCLA kwenye ikhompyutha eStanford Research Institute (manje eyaziwa njenge-SRI International) ngakolunye uhlangothi lweCalifornia.
NgoLwesibili lo, Okthoba 29, 2019 kumake ukuzalwa kwe-ARPANET, inethiwekhi yokuqala yokudlulisa idatha, ngaleyo ndlela wabeka izisekelo ze-Intanethi esizaziyo namuhla.
Ukuxhumeka kokuqala kwakuphakathi kwekhompyutha e-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) nenye ikhompyutha eStanford Research Institute. Le nto yokuqala yososayensi yenze ukuthi kube lula ukuthumela umyalezo wokuqala emlandweni nge-Intanethi.
I-ARPANET yokuqala yayiqukethe ama-IMP amane afakwe ku:
- UCLA, lapho uKleinrock adale khona Isikhungo Sokulinganisa Inethiwekhi. Ikhompyutha ye-SDS Sigma 7 ibe ngeyokuqala ukuxhuma.
- I-Augmentation Research Center, eStanford Research Institute, lapho uDoug Engelbart enza khona uhlelo lwamanoveli iNational Language Services (NLS), uhlelo olusha lwe-hypertext. Ikhompyutha ye-SDS 940 ibe ngeyokuqala ukuxhuma.
- INyuvesi yaseCalifornia, enekhompyutha ye-IBM 360.
- UMnyango Wezithombe, i-University of Utah, lapho u-Ivan Sutherland ahamba khona. Nge-PDP-10 exhunywe ekuqaleni.
Ngo 1961, Leonard Kleinrock, washicilela umbhalo wokuqala wethiyori mayelana nokushintshaniswa kwamaphakeji. Usanda kubeka izisekelo zomgomo wokushintshwa kwamaphakethe, ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe kwi-Intanethi.
Wakha umbono wezibalo wamanethiwekhi wedatha. Kamuva, izosetshenziswa ekuzalweni kwenethiwekhi yokuqala ye-ARPANET.
Unesibopho futhi ekusebenziseni izindlela zokuqala zokulinganisa ze-ARPANET, ezamvumela ukuthi abeke imikhawulo yokusebenza futhi ahlole nokuziphatha kwe-ARPANET.
Umlayezo wokuqala othunyelwe kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi entsha bekungu "LO", kepha bekungahlosiwe. Noma ososayensi bebehlele ukuthumela igama elithi "LOGIN" kodwa abakwenzanga kusukela ngemuva kokubhalwa kwezinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala umyalezo wathunyelwa. Uhlelo luphahlazekile, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwezinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala, "LO". Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, inethiwekhi yasungulwa kabusha, umyalezo owufunayo wadluliselwa ngokuphelele, futhi kwaqala inkathi entsha yokuxhumana.
Ekuqaleni, I-ARPANET bekufanele ivumele izikhungo zamasosha nezomphakathi ukuthi zixhumane kalula.
"Ekuqaleni, bekumayelana nokonga imali nokwandisa ukusebenzisana ngokwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza lapho abantu besiza ngasinye se-ARPA (ARPANET) bekwazi ukuxhuma basebenzise amakhompyutha kwezinye izingosi," kusho yena. UMarc Weber, umqondisi we-curation wohlelo lomlando we-Intanethi eSilicon Valley Museum of Computer History. "Isidingo esisheshayo bekuwukuthi sabelane ngezinsizakusebenza, inhloso enkulu bekungukuvula amathuba okwabelana ngenethiwekhi," kusho uMarc Weber
Eminyakeni engama-50 kamuva, uLeonard Kleinrock wakusho lokho Akakaze acabange ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyinto yezempi eyayingaba ngenye yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe eyayizoguqula ukuxhumana ngoba umqondo wakhe wawuwukwenza nje amakhompyutha amabili axhumane noma enze abantu baxhumane namakhompyutha.
'Bengingakaze ngiyibone nhlobo imithombo yezokuxhumana. Bengicabanga ukwenza abantu baxhumane namakhompyutha, noma amakhompyutha, kepha hhayi abantu, ”kusho uLeonard Kleinrock, ohlanganise iminyaka engama-85 ngoJuni. Phakathi neminyaka engama-50 yomcimbi, iphinde yavula enye ilabhorethri ebekelwe i-Intanethi.