I-Chrome isivele inosekelo lwe-WebGPU futhi izonikwa amandla ngokuzenzakalela

Zimbalwa izinsuku ezedlule I-Google ivuliwe ngesinye esimenyezelwe ukwesekwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-WebGPU graphics API kanye nolimi Lwe-WebGPU Shading (WGSL) egatsheni le-Chrome 113, okuhlelelwe ukukhululwa ngoMeyi 2.

Kulabo abangazi ngeWebGPU, kufanele ukwazi lokho inikeza i-API efana ne-Vulkan, Metal kanye ne-Direct3D 12 ukwenza imisebenzi eseceleni ye-GPU njengokunikezela nokubala, futhi ivumela ukusebenzisa ulimi lwe-shader ukubhala izinhlelo ze-GPU-side.

Mayelana neWebGPU

Ngokomqondo, I-WebGPU ihluke ku-WebGL ngendlela efanayo i-API yezithombe ze-Vulkan ehluke ngayo ku-OpenGL, kodwa i-WebGPU ayisekelwe ku-API yezithombe ezithile, kunalokho iwusendlalelo senjongo evamile esebenzisa ama-primitives asezingeni eliphansi afanayo atholakala ku-Vulkan. I-Metal ne-Direct3D. I-WebGPU inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-JavaScript ngezinga eliphansi lokulawula inhlangano, ukucubungula nokudlulisa imiyalo ku-GPU, ukuphatha izinsiza ezihlotshaniswayo, inkumbulo, izigcinalwazi, izinto zokuthungwa, nezithunzi zezithombe ezihlanganisiwe. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele izinhlelo zokusebenza zehluzo zokusebenza okuphezulu ngokunciphisa phezulu nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-GPU.

I-WebGPU ikuvumela ukuthi udale amaphrojekthi we-3D ayinkimbinkimbi wewebhu ezisebenza kanye nezinhlelo ezizimele ezisebenzisa ngokuqondile i-Vulkan, Metal, noma i-Direct3D, kodwa ezingaboshelwe kumapulatifomu athile. I-WebGPU futhi inikeza izinketho ezengeziwe zokuthutha izinhlelo zezithombe zomdabu efomini elinikwe amandla iwebhu ngokulihlanganisa ku-WebAssembly. Ngokungeziwe kumahluzo we-3D, i-WebGPU iphinde ihlanganise amathuba ahambisana nokulayisha ukubala kuhlangothi lwe-GPU namashadi asebenzayo.

Ezicini ezibalulekile zeWebGPU, singagqamisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuphatha okuhlukene kwezinsiza, umsebenzi wokulungiselela kanye nokudluliswa kwemiyalo ku-GPU (ku-WebGL, into eyodwa yayinesibopho sayo yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa). Kunikezwe okuqukethwe okuthathu okuhlukene: I-GPUDevice yokudala izinsiza ezifana nokuthungwa namabhafa; I-GPUCommandEncoder ukufaka ikhodi imiyalo ngayinye, okuhlanganisa izigaba zokucubungula nokubala; I-GPUCommandBuffer ukuze idlulele kumugqa wokusebenzisa we-GPU.
  Umphumela unganikezwa endaweni ehlotshaniswa nento eyodwa noma eziningi zekhanvasi, noma unikezwe ngaphandle kokukhiphayo (isibonelo, lapho kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yokubala). Isiteji sikwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa ukudalwa kwensiza nokusebenza kokuhlinzeka ngezilawuli ezihlukene ezingasebenza emiculweni ehlukene.
• Indlela ehlukile yokuphatha isimo. I-WebGPU ihlinzeka ngezinto ezimbili, i-GPURenderPipeline kanye ne-GPUComputePipeline, ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izifundazwe ezihlukene ezichazwe ngaphambilini umthuthukisi, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ngesiphequluli ukuthi singamoshi izinsiza emsebenzini owengeziwe, njengama-shader okubuyisela. Izimo ezisekelwayo zifaka: imithunzi, i-vertex buffer nezakhiwo zesibaluli, izakhiwo zeqembu ezingaguquki, ukuhlanganisa, ukujula namaphethini, amafomethi okukhiphayo angemuva kokunikezwa.
• Imodeli ebophayo, efana namathuluzi okuhlanganisa izisetshenziswa ze-Vulkan. Ukuze uqoqe izinsiza zibe ngamaqembu, i-WebGPU inikeza into ye-GPUBindGroup engaboshelwa kwezinye izinto ezifanayo ukuze zisetshenziswe kumashadi ngesikhathi sokurekhoda komyalo.
  Ukudala amaqembu anjalo kuvumela isilawuli ukuthi senze izenzo ezidingekayo zokulungiselela kusengaphambili futhi kuvumela isiphequluli ukuthi sishintshe ukubophezela kwensiza phakathi kwezingcingo zokudonsa ngokushesha okukhulu. Isakhiwo sokubophezela kwensiza singachazwa kusengaphambili kusetshenziswa into ye-GPUBindGroupLayout.

Ngaphezu kwe-Chrome, ukwesekwa kweWebGPU kokuhlola kuhloliwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2020 kuFirefox futhi kusukela ngoNovemba 2021 kuSafari. Ukuze unike amandla i-WebGPU kuFirefox, kufanele usethe amafulegi anikwe amandla okuthi dom.webgpu. kanye ne-gfx.webgpu.force kokuthi mayelana:config.

Azikho izinhlelo okwamanje zokuvumela i-WebGPU ngokuzenzakalelayo kuFirefox neSafari. Ukuqaliswa kwe-WebGPU okwenzelwe i-Firefox ne-Chrome kuyatholakala njengamalabhulali ahlukene: I-Dawn (C++) ne-wgpu (Rust) ongayisebenzisa ukuhlanganisa ukusekelwa kwe-WebGPU ezinhlelweni zakho zokusebenza.

Okunye okuqaphelekayo ukuthi umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokwengeza ukwesekwa kwe-WebGPU emitapweni yolwazi edumile ye-JavaScript kusetshenziswa i-WebGL. Isibonelo, ukusekela okugcwele kwe-WebGPU sekumenyezelwe e-Babylon.js futhi ingxenye kokuthi Three.js , PlayCanvas , kanye ne-TensorFlow.js.

Ukuqaliswa kwe- I-WebGPU izonikwa amandla kuphela ekwakhiweni kwe-ChromeOS, macOS, neWindows, kuyilapho i-Linux ne-Android, usekelo lweWebGPU luzosebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ekugcineni, uma unentshisekelo yokwazi kabanzi ngakho, ungaxhumana nemininingwane Kulesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo.