Muva nje iqembu labaphenyi abasebenzela iGoogle baphikise ukuthi kuzoba nzima ukugwema amaphutha ahlobene neSpecter ngokuzayo, ngaphandle kwalapho ama-CPU enakekelwa kahle.
Ngokusho kwabo, amasu wokunciphisa asuselwa kwisoftware kuphela ngeke anele. Ukugwema ukuxhashazwa kobuthakathaka obunjalo behadiwe, izixazululo zesoftware yokunciphisa abazibheka ingxenye enkulu njengengaphelele.
Mayelana ne-Spectrum
Kumele sikukhumbule lokho kubonga iGoogle ukuthi siyazi ukuthi ukuba sengozini okubucayi okuthinta ama-chips anamuhla futhi mhlawumbe yonke imboni ye-semiconductor, ithinta kakhulu ama-86-bit Intel x64 CPUs.
Kepha lawa maphutha okuphepha zithinta futhi amaprosesa asuselwa ekwakhiweni kwe-ARM (Samsung, Qualcomm, MediaTek, Apple, Huawei, njll) ukuzeyebo njengokwakhiwa kwe-CPU okwenziwe yi-IBM nokuncane kuya kuma-processor we-AMD.
ISpecter ihambelana nokuhlukahluka kokuqala kokuqala: 1 (Boundary Check Bypass) kanye no-2 (Branch Bypass Injection) Lokhu kuba sengozini okubucayi kutholwe yinkampani ye-Mountain View futhi kwavezwa izinhlobo ezithile zokuhlaselwa okuhlobene.
ISpecter ngokuyisisekelo yephula umgoqo ophakathi kwezicelo futhi ivumela umhlaseli ukuthi athole imininingwane ebucayi ngasese kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, noma zivikelwe.
Vula imbobo eyodwa ukumboza omunye
Abacwaningi beGoogle bathole lokho ukuphela kwesikhathi kwesilondolozi sedatha yeprosesa kungasetshenziswa kabi ukuthola imininingwane ngokungemthetho kukhompyutha.
Lesi sici sisetshenziswa ngabaprosesa abaningi besimanje ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, kepha futhi kungadala nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphepha.
Abacwaningi beGoogle bakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi abahlaseli bangasizakala ngalesi sici (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukwenziwa kokuqagela) ukusebenzisa izinqubo zezinga lomsebenzisi ngokudlula iMMU nokufunda okuqukethwe yinkumbulo ye-kernel.
Ikhompyutha obekufanele ngabe ibingafinyeleleki kubo. Le nkinga ingokokusebenza, okungukuthi, ibhekisa kuma-chip angenakulungiseka Bekungeke kwenzeke ukusebenzisa isichibi nge-microcode ukulungisa konke okwehlukile kobungozi obuhlukahlukene bezokuphepha obudalulwe ezinyangeni eziyi-14 ezedlule, ikakhulukazi ebucayini bukaSpecter.
Ukuxazulula le nkinga ngempumelelo, kungadingeka ukusebenzisa inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwetafula lamamephu noma ukuklama amaprosesa amasha ngobuciko obubukeziwe ngokufanele.
Ku-a idokhumenti esatshalaliswe yi-ArXivAbaphenyi benkampani ephethwe ngama-Alphabet manje sebeqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abaprosesa abasekela ukwenziwa kokuqagela bahlala bengozini yokuhlaselwa okuhlukahlukene kweziteshi, yize kunezinyathelo zokunciphisa ezingatholwa ngokuzayo.
Lokhu kwehluleka kufanele kulungiswe ngazo zonke izindlela
Ngokusho kwabo, Ukulungisa ngempela zonke izimbungulu zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ezihlobene neSpecter kanye nosongo abalubekayo, abaklami be-CPU kumele balwele ngokunikela ngokwakhiwa okusha kwama-microprocessors abo.
I-Intel ithe izobandakanya ukulungiswa kwehadiwe kwezimbungulu yehadiwe hardware ethize neyaziwayo kuma-chip ayo esikhathi esizayo.
Inkinga, ngokusho kwabaphenyi beGoogle, ukuthi lIziphazamisi ezihlobene nesipeci zibhekwa njengesigaba esiphelele nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba sengozini okuhlobene nokwenziwa kokuqagela kuvuna kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kwesiteshi eseceleni.
Abacwaningi beGoogle baphakamise izixazululo eziningana ezingaba khona, Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenza ngokuphelele kokusebenza kokuqagela, kanye nokuncishiswa okuqondile kokubambezeleka futhi ekugcineni "ukufihla ubuso".
Abacwaningi beGoogle Baphinde baveza ukuthi lezi zindlela zokunciphisa azinazo izinkinga nokuthi izinhlawulo zokusebenza kungenzeka zisebenze uma zenziwa.
Ekugcineni bona Baphetha ngokuthi uSpecter angahle abe muhle kakhulu kunegama lakhenjengoba kubonakala kuhloselwe ukusikhathaza isikhathi eside.
Okugcizelela iqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside sigxile ekusebenzeni nasekuxakekeni ngokungcolisa ukuphepha.
Kungabukeka kuwubuwula engikucabangayo, kepha akusona yini isilinganiso esihle sokwenza kabusha amaprosesa angama-32-bit ekusetshenzisweni okuthile?
Siyabonga ngokuphawula. Akusilima ukuthi unephuzu elihle. Inkinga ngalokhu kwakhiwa imikhawulo enayo futhi okunye kwakho ukuphatha i-RAM, ngoba njengoba wazi ukuthi ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphezu kuka-4 GB kuphela nanamuhla ngezimfuno zomphakathi "oziqhakambisa" awusebenzi .
I-4 GB ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwe-PAE, engicabanga ukuthi ingaxhashazwa kahle.
Inkinga ukuthi ipulatifomu engama-32-bit nayo iyonakalisiwe. Akuyona inkinga yesikhulumi, kuyinkinga yokuhambisa ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza.
Njengoba kungafundwa kule ndatshana:
Isikhathi sokugcina sokugcina idatha seprosesa singasetshenziswa kabi ukuthola imininingwane ngokungemthetho kukhompyutha.
Lesi sici sisetshenziswa ngabaprosesa abaningi besimanje ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, kepha futhi kungadala nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphepha.
Siyabonga ngokucaciselwa. Ngiqonde ukuthi ayithinti i-x32