Inkqubo ye- I-National Congress yokuqala yeSoftware yasimahla eChile, njengokuba omnye wababonisi benu esazi, kwaye oyena ufumene ingqalelo enkulu, wayengumongameli we FSF kunye nomseki weprojekthi ye-GNU, URichard Stallman. Njengoko ibindim ndedwa owayenexesha lokuya, ndaya kwintetho, ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo, uStallman waziwa ngokunika intetho "ngemfazwe engcwele" phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla neyabanini. Kodwa ke, nangona kungenjalo kungqinelana neenjongo zakhe, akunakwenzeka ukuba uyeke ukubona lo mlinganiswa ubalaseleyo, ke ndiza kuhlalutya inqaku ngalinye ngenyathelo ngenyathelo, zona ngokwazo zilungile noko, kodwa xa zithatha okugqithileyo ubaxo ogqibeleleyo.
Ukuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha
Intetho iqale ngokuchaza uStallman intsingiselo yesoftware yasimahla enjengayo ehlonipha inkululeko yomsebenzisi, ukuzibophelela kwabo kubumbano lwentlalo ngokubhekisele eluntwini (khumbula igama elithi "intlalontle" njengoko liza kuba luxakeke kakhulu kweli nqaku ...).
URichard uxoxa kwiingongoma zakhe into engekho ngqiqweni ukuba uyijonga ngendlela engeyiyo kakhulu, inkululeko ezine eziyimfuneko ukuze isoftware ibizwe ngokuba "isimahla".
- Eyokuqala kukuba inkqubo kufuneka iqhutywe kwaye isetyenziswe ngendlela ubani afuna ngayo.
- Okwesibini kukuba ikhowudi yemvelaphi yenkqubo kufuneka ivumele ukufundwa kwayo kunye notshintsho.
- Okwesithathu kukunceda ummelwane wakho ngokukopa ngokukhululekileyo nokusasazwa kwenkqubo, noxanduva lokuziphatha kakuhle.
- Eyesine kukuba negalelo eluntwini.
Ezi nkululeko, ngokuka-Stallman, zezona zinto ziphambili ekufuneka umntu azenze ukuba akhululeke, ukuya kwinqanaba lokubonisa kaninzi ukuba kufuneka abe yinxalenye yamalungelo oluntu.
Ukongeza ekukhuthazeni le nkululeko, igxeka isoftware ephetheyo, iyibiza ngokuba "yinto engekho mthethweni" eyonakalisa uluntu, apho umntu owabelana ngeenkqubo kunye / okanye nomculo ebizwa ngokuba "ngumphangi." Ucacisa ukuba bambuza kaninzi ukuba ucinga ntoni "ngabaphangi", kwaye uphendula ngendlela yakhe ethi "iinqanawa ezihlaselayo zimbi kakhulu" kwaye "abaphangi abazisebenzisi iikhompyuter ukuhlasela iinqanawa." Ukuba abantu bathanda isoftware yasimahla "bademon" abantu abanceda abanye abantu. Ngokuka-Stallman, ukhetha ukwenza ububi obuncinci ukuba unikwe ithuba lokwabelana ngesoftware ephetheyo, kuba "abaphuhlisi bayakufanelekela kuba bazenzela ngokwabo, ukuhlasela uluntu", kodwa eyona nto intle kukuphepha iingxaki zokuziphatha ngokwala isoftware yobunini. .
Ngasemva
URichard Stallman uthetha ngezi zinto iinkqubo ezinobungozi ezikhoyo kwisoftware yokuthengisa Ngeengxaki ezinzulu abazenzayo, omnye wemizekelo (ecacileyo) yiMicrosoft yeWindows, ezisa i-DRM okanye njengoko isitsho, "ii-handcuffs zedijithali". Ijongene nezona ndawo zithandwayo zasemva kwiWindows ezinje ngokutshintsha kweenkqubo ngokuthanda kunye nenkqubo efakelwe amapolisa aseMelika (ukubekwa kweliso). Ukuphikisa oku, uthi ukhuseleko lwenkqubo alunto (ayizondaba ...). Omnye umzekelo awunikayo yi-Iphone (uyibiza ngokuba "ICROME"), ngenxa yezithintelo ekufakweni kwezicelo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kotshintsho (uhlaziyo). Umzekelo wokugqibela asinika wona ngokaKINDLE, esithi ubotshelelwe kwi-DRM, ejonga ukuthengwa kweencwadi kwiAmazon kunye nokubalisa ityala apho iAmazon yayalela ukuba icime iikopi zencwadi (1984).
URichard ukwathi akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi ukuba zonke iisoftware zobunini azilunganga, kuba awukwazi ukufunda ikhowudi yemvelaphi, kodwa ukuba uyangqina ukuba "abaphuhlisi besoftware bangabantu, kwaye abantu bayazenza iimpazamo, ngokuzithandela okanye hayi ngesoftware yobunini. ibanjwa lezo mpazamo ”. Kungenxa yoko le nto inzuzo yesoftware yasimahla kukuba ukuba awuyithandi ikhowudi ungayiphucula kunye / okanye uyitshintshe ngokuthanda.
Imbali ye-GNU
Andizukungena kwiinkcukacha malunga nesi sihloko, kuba ndicinga ukuba phantse sonke siyalazi ibali, ke ndiyakuchukumisa izihloko endizifumene zibalasele.
UStallman uyigxininisa loo nto iqalile iprojekthi ngenxa yesidingo senkqubo esasimahlaNgandlela thile wayeziva ngathi yingxaki "yentlalontle" kwaye kufuneka enze into kuba evakalelwa kukuba ukuba akayenzanga, akukho mntu uzakuyenza, ukuba luxanduva lwakhe ukunceda (okanye ukugqama?).
Uthatha isigqibo sokuba le nkqubo kufuneka ifane ne-UNIX ngokuphatheka kwayo, ucinga ngokuvela kweekhompyuter kwixa elizayo.
Ucacisa ukuba kutheni i-GNU, ngokutsho kwakhe, isiqhulo sisifinyezo (sihlekisa ngexesha laso?), Esithi iGNU ayisiyi-Unix. Kananjalo ukuba ngokwesichazi-magama sesiNgesi u "g" uthe cwaka, igama ke beliya kuba ngu "Nu" nto leyo ibizakuba ntsha, eyabiza uburharha kule projekthi njengento entsha.
Usixelela ukuba ukhetho lwembewu "yenkqubo entsha" yayiyiMach microkernel, i-GNU / HURD, kodwa eso siqingatha saso kwakungekabhalwa kwaye sasingaze sizinze ekusebenziseni. Oku kukhokelele kumfundi waseFinland ngo-1991 ekhupha eyakhe i-monolithic kernel ebizwa ngokuba yi "linux", esisizisa kwisihloko esilandelayo ...
Stallman vs. Torvalds
Nantsi Umahluko kaLinus noRichard, kunye notyekelo oluthatha kuzo zonke iintetho zakhe, eqala ngobunono ngokuthi ukudala i-linux kernel lelinye igalelo leprojekthi, ukuba ekuqaleni babenengxaki nelayisensi (iTorvalds yakhupha i-linux nelayisensi ethintela iinkampani usebenzisa i-kernel yabo, kwaye i-FSF ixhasa inkululeko kuye nakubani na), eyathi kamva yatshintshelwa kwi-GPL.
Oku kuguquka ukusuka kokuncinci kuye kokunye xa uStallman esithi akulunganga ukuba lonke ityala liya kumntu omnye kuwo wonke umsebenzi (kuyinyani), nangaphezulu, yena (iLinus) wenza ikernel (into encinci ayi ?).
Ugxininisa ukuba uLinus Torvalds akazange axhase intshukumo okanye ifilosofi yesoftware yasimahla, kuba ukhetha inkqubo esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, uStallman uthi iTorvalds ayihloniphi inkululeko yayo ngokuqinisekisa oku kwaye ukuba ibiyinkqubo esebenzayo yena ukulungele ukusebenzisa isoftware yobunini. Enye yale mijelo yeTorvalds nguMthombo oVulekileyo, uStallman okwala ukulahla igama leSoftware yasimahla, ukuyisa kuMthombo ovulekileyo kuphela, osusa inkululeko yomsebenzisi.
Inkululeko kwiiArhente zikaRhulumente
UStallman ubalaselisa umsebenzi wentlalontle ekufuneka urhulumente awuthathe ngokunxulumene nesoftware. Nika imizekelo apho iSoftware yasimahla yamkelwe khona, eVenezuela nase-Ecuador. Eyokugqibela yeyona ibalaseleyo ekukhuthazeni umhlaba wonke, ukuya kwinqanaba ukuvala isoftware yokuthengisa kwiiarhente zikarhulumente (ubuzwilakhe?), Athi uRichard avume ngokupheleleyo.
Kwinxalenye yeshishini labaphuhlisi kunye nokudalwa kwemisebenzi okunxulumene nesoftware yasimahla, uthi ngumsebenzi karhulumente ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yekhompyuter ngesoftware yasimahla, kuba oku kuyakwenza iinkampani zophuhliso kunye nenkxaso, ezakukhuthaza uqoqosho kunye nentengiso yasimahla. . Ukukhuthaza oku kwezemfundo kubalulekile, kuba kukho izizathu zoqoqosho kuphela zokulunga, kuba izikolo zikarhulumente azinazo izixhobo ezininzi nakwelona lizwe liphucukileyo.
Emva koku, ihlasela u-Microsoft ngenxa yenyani "yokunika" iilayisensi ze-Windows kwizikolo zikarhulumente, kuba bazisebenzisa ukunyanzelisa inkqubo yabo ngokudala ukuxhomekeka kwabafundi. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuthelekisa ezi layisenisi kunye "namadyungudyungu amachiza."
Ukuqukumbela, ngaphandle kwamanqaku amaninzi athethwa nguStallman kwintetho yakhe nganye ayaphindaphindeka (bendiye kwiintetho ezimbini kwaye umxholo uyafana), zininzi izizathu kwiingxoxo zakhe, ezimbi eyona nto ayithathileyo kukuba ngumntu osisiseko, ekufaniseni oku "nemfazwe engcwele." Kwiindawo ezininzi emva kokuthetha izinto "ngokugqithileyo" wazama ukuphumza umoya ngesiqhulo, ke ndingatsho ukuba ukuba uRichard Stallman ebengenguye umdwelisi weenkqubo ngewayengumhlekisi, wenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Inomdla nokuba kunjalo ndicinga ukuba uyiTaliban ...
uphononongo olulungileyo
Kuhlala kunjalo "izulu kunye nesihogo", "uThixo kunye noMtyholi" ... kwaye phakathi kwethu sibalekela ngapha nangapha.
Le nto yokulinganisela iyasibulala.
Inqaku elilunge kakhulu +10
Ukubulisa
UStallman uphikisana kakhulu, ngokokubona kwam wenze igalelo elikhulu kumzi mveliso ngenxa yeminqweno, kodwa loo mbono wokubona umhlaba andiwuthathi njengofanelekileyo, ngaba abanye benu banayo yonke into kwikhompyuter yakho kwisoftware yasimahla? kakhulu, bambalwa kakhulu.
Isoftware yasimahla kunye nomniniyo kufuneka baqhubeke nokubakho, ubomi obude bobabini.
Ngaphandle kwento ethethwa nguAndres, evumayo ngokupheleleyo, ndiyahluka kwinkululeko ayibonakalisayo uStallman kwinkululeko endiyikholelwayo, wonke umntu ukhululekile ukuba azikhethele into ayifunayo, nokuba isimahla okanye isoftware yabucala. Ngoku kubeka? yenye into, ngokubhekisele kuburharha, ndicinge ukuba kulungile, bendifuna ukuyihlangula. Kwaye akunakuphikwa ukuba izihloko ekuxoxwe ngazo ziyafana, kwaye kwiindinyana ezininzi ukuba yena ngokwakhe wathi kukho indlela yokulungileyo kunye nendlela yobubi (kunye nehlazo likaBush lifakiwe ...). Abantu abanjengoStallman bongeza incasa kwihlabathi ukuze ndingaphikisi kwaphela okanye ndigxeke indlela yabo yokucinga, wonke umntu ukhululekile ukulandela lowo amthandayo.
kunye nebhaso elothusayo ?? XD
@psep: Kuya kufuneka ndithethe ngayo nawe ewe ewe, thumela idilesi yakho ngaphakathi: P.
Ndazimasa intetho yakhe ndayifumana iziko kwaye isonwabisa. Andizange ndive ngemililo okanye iimfazwe ezingcwele. Kwaye andimfumananga egabadele okanye uTaliban.
Ucele abantu ukuba bangabhidanisi phakathi kwezimvo zikaTorvalds kunye nemigaqo ye-FSF. Ucele abantu ukuba bangawujongi umsebenzi we-FSF ngeprojekthi ye-GNU-Linux.
Ikhumbuze abantu ngento echazwa yi-FSF njenge-SL.
Ukugxeka kwabo bekusekwe kwimeko yokwenyani, eqinisekileyo kunye nemizekelo yolwazi loluntu.
Uncome ilizwe lase-Ecuador ngokuba lenze umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo ecwangcisiweyo yenkqubo yekhompyuter yezixhobo zikawonke-wonke. Into ebizwa ngokuba lixesha likarhulumente. Kwamanye amazwe ukuphazamiseka kulawula kwaye akukho nkcukacha ezihambelanayo. Ukongeza, i-US inyanzela iinkampani zayo ukuba zingenise isithintelo kumazwe obusoshiyali, ke ezi zenzo azinanto yakwenza nozwilakhe.
Yongeza nje ukuba endikubonileyo yayingumntu olungileyo, elula okrelekrele kwaye ehlekisa kakuhle.
Psep: Ewe, andiboni ukuba wena no Mnu Stalman niyohluka njani ke, kuba le nto yanyanzeliswa yile ndoda kakhulu yile nkululeko yomsebenzisi. Oku ukuphindaphinda amaxesha amaninzi kwintetho kwaye ndicinga ukuba wayigxininisa kuba yayiyeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumyalezo wakhe ... Into embi okanye egqwethekileyo ibingeyiyo intetho yakhe.
UAndrés: Kukho inkululeko esisiseko ngakumbi kunaleyo ibizwa nguStallman, inkululeko yokukhetha iSoftware ekufaneleyo, umthombo ovulekileyo undifanele, lowo ungumnini apho, isoftware yasimahla apha. Wonke umntu ukhululekile ukuba enze unothanda, kodwa ayisiyo inkululeko yokuzama ukunyanzela ingcinga, umzekelo, ukuthintela isoftware ephetheyo, wophula inkululeko yentengiso kwaye ngenxa yoko yabathengi ...
Inokuba yeyantoni? XD
Psep: Leyo yentengiso yasimahla wayikhankanya nakwintetho yakhe kwaye wavuma nokuba lilungelo lakho ukukwazi ukukhetha iinkonzo kunye nomboneleli omfunayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-SL yahlulahlula inkululeko yodwa isebenzisa inkululeko yomsebenzisi.
Ukubuyela kumzekelo we-Ecuador (obonakala ngathi uyinto enempikiswano, kodwa isishwankathelo esipapashiweyo apha asiphelelanga) uStallman wathi yayiyimodeli efanelekileyo apho ukusetyenziswa kwe-SL kwakulilungelo leqonga likaRhulumente lecomputer (hayi intengiso, kodwa State) nalapho isoftware yobunini yayivunyelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kodwa ngezizathu ezicacileyo zobugcisa. Kwaye wathi uyavumelana nalonto. Kwaye wayithatha njengomlinganiso olungileyo kuba amaziko kaRhulumente ebengenalo uxanduva kubo njengeenkampani, kodwa ebenemisebenzi kubemi ukongeza kuxanduva lokukhusela ulawulo lwesizwe.
Ekugqibeleni, ezi ngcamango aziyonto intsha. Andiboni kuphazamisa. Into endinokuyithatha njengeyintsusa kukuba uStallman umisela inkululeko yomntu kwezopolitiko kunye nokungenakunqunyulwa kwindalo (kungoko ke ingxelo yakhe yokuba kufanele ukuba yinxalenye yamalungelo oluntu) hayi ngoku njengoko kuxhomekeke kwimvume yomsebenzisi.imiselwe yinkampani nganye.
Andifuni kuvakala ngathi ndingu-polemicist, kodwa ndicinga ukuba izimvo ezininzi okanye ukugxeka kungacaciswa ukuba iintetho zalo Mnumzana Stallman zibhalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ndingaligxeka eli nqaku, ndicinga ukuba isishwankathelo asiphelelanga nje kuphela, kodwa sicocekile. Ndiyaqonda ukuba ividiyo yenkomfa enikwe eChile iyafumaneka kwindawo yeGNUChile.
Andrés, mmm zingaphi iintetho zeRMS oke waya kuzo ??? Wonke umntu unoluvo lwakhe, kodwa into endiyithethayo apha ayisiyonto intsha, kuyathethwa njalo kuyo yonke indawo, yinto yokuhamba kancinci malunga noStallman, mna ngokwam ndabelana ngezimvo zakhe ezininzi, kodwa ndiyahluka kaninzi, Oko Kutheni le nto ndinike uluvo lwam, kwaye njengoko usitsho kakuhle, kukho ividiyo kwaye ikwakhona nentetho, wonke umntu oyimamelayo / ayibonayo kwaye enze izigqibo. Ngale nto ziintetho ezintathu ezivela kwi-RMS.
Ingxelo yakho intsha kakhulu kwaye ubhale inqaku elilungileyo.
Yigcine Psep.
Ukugqwetha kukaStallman kuyafuneka. Ngaba yenzakalisa umdla ngokubanzi? Andiqondi, kunokuba kumzuzise. Ukuba uphuhliso lulungile, kungcono ukuba wabelane ngalo, ukuze abanye babe nethuba lokukwenza ngcono.
Ngelishwa, eli hlabathi phantse lonke liqhutywa yiminqweno yabucala, umdla ngokubanzi awunamsebenzi, yonke into kukhuphiswano kunye namabhongo. Ukuba inkampani ifuna ukusebenzisa iilayisensi ezivumela ukuvalwa kwekhowudi, bayivumele bayenze, ngaba banezithintelo? Ngaba i-FSF yinkqubo yokubuza enendlela zokulawula olu hlobo lwelayisensi?
Ewe, kulunge kakhulu ukuvala ikhowudi yophuhliso ukucudisa abasebenzisi bayo ngokwezoqoqosho. Kwaye ukuba izinto ezibeka emngciphekweni imfihlo yakho zinokungena ngoncedo lwenkampani, ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Njengoko iseksi esiphila kuyo imisiwe, indlela yeenkampani ezininzi ze-IT yile: siza kuphuhlisa into enokuthi idluliswe, ehlangabezana nobuncinci bokulindelwe ngabaxumi bethu kwaye esivumela ukuba sigcine okanye sandise inzuzo.
Uvelwano kukuba ayenzeki kuphela kwikhompyuter. Kwimpilo, izindlu, ezemali, ukutya. Uninzi lwabemi behlabathi bahlala kwiimeko ezingaphantsi komntu okanye bafa ngenxa yale ntanda-bulumko yobomi. Ngelixa abanye bephila ngesantya esipheleleyo okanye siphila nentuthuzelo, ngokuchanekileyo kwiindleko zokubandezeleka kwesininzi. Sineentloni!
Ukubuyela kwikhompyuter, ndicinga ukuba eyona nto ilungileyo, kubo bonke, iya kuba kukusebenzisa imodeli yeGPL. Kungenzeka ukuba kwixesha elifutshane okanye eliphakathi liyakuba yingxaki (utshintsho aluzange lube mnandi), kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha iya kuba yeyona ilungileyo, ngakumbi ukuba iilayisensi zobunini kunye nozimeleyo ziye zanyamalala (ezingazukwenzeka). Masithi sinethuba lokuthatha inyathelo lokubuyela umva ukuze sibone ukuba yeyiphi indlela esiza kuhamba kuyo ukuze sibaleke. Ingxaki kukuba kukho udonga oluqinileyo olubekwe phambi kwethu kwaye akunakwenzeka ukoyisa: umdla woqoqosho wenkunzi enkulu.
Madoda, niyazi, yabelana okanye usebenzise inzala, lo ngumbuzo ...
"Elokugqibela lelona ligqame njengeyona nto iphambili ekubeni ngumkhuthazi wehlabathi, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuthintela isoftware yobunini kwiiarhente zikarhulumente (ubuzwilakhe?), NguRichard lowo avumayo."
Ndicinga ukuba ubhidanisa ubuzwilakhe nemilinganiselo yolawulo yeziko elifana nelikarhulumente. Umgaqo wobuzwilakhe iya kuba kukunyanzela abemi, kwindawo yabo yabucala, ukuba basebenzise isoftware yasimahla. Ukuba ufuna ukubona abakhuseli besoftware yasimahla njengoozwilakhe abanganyamezeliyo uza kubabona, kuya kufuneka ucacise iikhonsepthi zakho zezopolitiko ukuba uqonde ukuba akunjalo; kodwa ke, umntu ngamnye ngokhetho lwabo.
Vuyisa uStallman :)
Imbali igcwele ngabalinganiswa ababalulekileyo abathi ekuqaleni babephambene, abanqolobi, abawexuki.
(Colon, Galileo, Da Vinci, Bolivar, njl, njl, njl.
Kum uStallman ngumbono onjengoHugo Chavez.
Imbali iya kuba ngumgwebi wakho.
I-Psep: Kuyinyani ukuba kukho inkululeko yokuzikhethela, kodwa iphela xa kufuneka ukhethe phakathi kwento elungileyo nengafanelekanga. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwethu luyavuma ukuba isoftware yokuma ayilunganga ngeendlela ezininzi.
Izinto ezingalunganga kufuneka zigqitywe, zingazukiswa.
Ubuncinci eso isikhundla sam.
PS: Ukubhala ngokugqwesileyo ndiyavuyisana nawe.
Ndicinga ukuba iMicrosoft ikhetha ukugqobhoza windows kwi-linux efakiweyo