Uyifaka njani Ubuntu kwisixhobo se-USB

Zimnkile iintsuku apho iikhompyuter zeza nefloppy drives kunye neerekhoda zeeCD kunye neeDVD. Namhlanje, izixhobo eziqinileyo zilwela indawo ye-hard drive yakudala kwaye, Izixhobo ze-USB ezaziwa ngokuba zii-pen drives zezona ndlela ziphambili zokutshintshiselana ngeefayile ngendlela ebonakalayo.

Kule tutorial siza kubona indlela yokufaka Ubuntu kwisixhobo se-USB.  Masicacise ukuba xa isixhobo siqhagamshelwe kwaye inkqubo iqalisiwe, ukufakwa kuyafana nokwenziwa kwiDVD. Umahluko usendleleni yokufaka imidiya eyenziweyo kunye nesidingo sokuqwalasela izinto ozikhethayo kwi-boot yekhompyutheni. Kuba oku kwahluka ngokwemodeli yebhodi yomama, andikwazi ukunika umyalelo jikelele wokuba yenziwe njani.

Abanye abafundi banokuphoswa nguRufus kolu luhlu. I-Rufus ngokungathandabuzekiyo sesona sisombululo sipheleleyo sokudala imidiya yokufaka ukuhanjiswa. Ngelishwa ifumaneka kuphela kwiWindows kwaye ndaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndigxile kwizixhobo zeplatform.

Imvelaphi kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo

Ukuba ubunike ingqwalasela kwiiklasi zolwimi esikolweni uya kukhumbula ukubaluleka kwezalathandawo. Emibini kuzo yayiyi 'ukusukela' kwaye 'ngaphakathi'. Ngokungafaniyo nokwenzeka kwiWindows sinokufaka Ubuntu kwi-pendrive kwaye sinokuyifaka (ukuba inememori eyaneleyo) kwi-pendrive. Kweyokuqala isixhobo se-USB sisixhobo sokufakela, okwesibini yindawo yokufakela.

Xa uqhagamshela isixhobo se-USB ukuze usisebenzise njengemidiya yokufakela Ubuntu, ikunika ukhetho lokusebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba yiNdlela ePhila ngayo apho unamava afana nokuyisebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba imemori ye-RAM isetyenziswa njenge diski enzima kwaye utshintsho luyalahleka xa ucima ikhompyutha. Ezinye izixhobo zokuyila imidiya yofakelo zikunika ukukwazi ukwaba isithuba kwisixhobo (esibizwa ngokuba kukuzingisa) ukugcina utshintsho olwenzayo. Olo tshintsho lulayishwe kwi-RAM emva kokulayisha inkqubo yokusebenza. Olu luphawu oluluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni isiko lofakelo lwemidiya.

Xa ufaka Ubuntu kwintonga ye-USB amava afana nokuyifaka kwi-drive ephambili. Ukuphela komda sisithuba.

Uyifaka njani Ubuntu kwisixhobo se-USB

Amanyathelo angaphambili

Isindululo esizelwe kwiminyaka yam engaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu ndisenza imidiya yokufaka yosasazo lweLinux. Ukuba uza kuyenza kwiWindows, sebenzisa isixhobo sayo sokufomatha ngesixhobo kuqala, akunamsebenzi nokuba isixhobo oza kusisebenzisa sinendlela yokukhetha. Uya kuzigcina intloko ebuhlungu.

Inkqubo yile ilandelayo:

1. Qhagamshela isixhobo I-USB oya kuyisebenzisa njengemidiya yokufakela.
2. Vula uMhloli IWindows
3. Pulsa kwicandelo Le Computer.
4. Beka isalathisi kwi icon echonga i-pendrive kwaye ngeqhosha lasekunene cofa kwi Fomati.
5. Khetha i-exFat njengenkqubo yefayile.
6. sukujonga ibhokisi yefomati ekhawulezayo.
7. Pulsa en Qala.
8. Pulsa en Yamkela

Xa ufomatha lwenziwe ulungele ukwenza imidiya yokufakela.

KwiLinux ungayenza ngomzobo, nangona izixhobo zihluka ngedesktop. Ungayenza kwakhona kwi-terminal ngokulandela la manyathelo:

1. Ichonga isixhobo ngomyalelo sudo fdisk -l. Isazisi siya kuba /dev/sdX1 apho u-X athatyathelwa indawo ngonobumba omncinci wealfabhethi.
2. Hlula isixhobo ckumyalelo sudo umount /dev/sdX1
3. Fometha isixhobo nge sudo mkdosfs -F 32 -I /dev/sdX1
4. Nqamula kwaye uqhagamshele kwakhona isixhobo.

Kwakhona, kukho iindlela zokwenza oku ngomzobo, kodwa yonke idesktop iyisebenzisa ngokwahlukileyo.

Inyathelo lesibini kukufumana umfanekiso we-Ubuntu. Ungayikhuphela kwi eli phepha.

Izixhobo zokwenza imidiya yokufakela

Nje ukuba ugqibile ukukhuphela umfanekiso, udinga isixhobo ukwenza imidiya yokuhlohla. Nazi ezinye zeenketho:

kunomoya

kunomoya Iyafumaneka kuzo zombini iiWindows kunye neLinux kunye lukhetho lokuqwalasela ukuba awuzange udale imidiya yofakelo yosasazo lwe Linux okanye awufuni kuyenza nzima ubomi bakho. Udinga kuphela ukusebenzisa usetyenziso, landela amanyathelo aboniswe ukufaka inkqubo kwisixhobo kwaye, usebenzisa umphathi wefayile, tsala umfanekiso owukhutshelweyo kwi-pen drive.

Ungafaka imifanekiso emininzi yeLinux kunye nonikezelo lweWindows njengomthamo weflash drive. Xa uqala ikhompyuter ngesixhobo esiqhagamshelwe uya kuba nemenyu yokukhetha ukuba uqalise eyiphi. Khumbula ukuba iWindows ayinayo imowudi ephilayo ngoko ke isifakeli siya kuqalisa.

Ukuba neVentoy efakiweyo ayithethi ukuba i-flash drive ingasebenzi kwezinye izinto. Kuba ithatha indawo encinci kakhulu, kufuneka ucime kuphela imifanekiso ye-iso, ugcine amaxwebhu owafunayo kwaye urekhode kwakhona imifanekiso xa uyifuna.

Iimpawu zeVentoy zezi:

• Inkxaso ye-UEFI kunye ne-Legacy Bios.
• Ixhasa ukuzingisa.
• Iyahambelana nemifanekiso yeWindows kunye nokuhanjiswa kweLinux.
• Hlaziya kuguqulelo olutsha ngaphandle kokufomatha.
• Ingasetyenziswa ngemifanekiso emikhulu kune-4 gigabytes.

Ukudala indawo yokufaka kunye neVentoy

1. cofa kabini kwiVentoy.exe kwiWindows okanye ngokufanelekileyo kwiVentoyGUI.aarch64, VentoyGUI.i386, VentoyGUI.mips64el okanye VentoyGUI.x86_64 kwiLinux.
2. Guqulela usetyenziso ngokucofa kwi ulwimi kunye nokukhetha Spanish ukusuka kuluhlu lokuhlahla.
3. Khetha oku kulandelayo phantsi koKhetho Khusela inkxaso yesiqalo nakwindlela yokwahlulahlula GPT (Kuxa nje ikhompyutha entsha noko. Kungenjalo, shiya yonke into njengoko injalo.
4. Khetha isixhobo esichanekileyo kuluhlu lokuhla phantsi kwesixhobo. Sukuyenza njengoko ndenze ngelixa ndilungiselela inqaku ndenze impazamo kwaye ndacima ingqokelela yam yeencwadi ze-elektroniki.
5. Cofa ku-install.
6. Cinezela ok kwisaziso ngasinye.
7. Yiya kumphathi wefayile kwaye ukope umfanekiso we-Ubuntu kwiVentoy.

Ngokomgaqo ungaqalisa ngokufakela Ubuntu. Kufuneka nje uqalise inkqubo kwaye uqwalasele ukuqala kwekhompyuter yakho. Ngelishwa ubulula beVentoy buphelele apha. Ukuba ufuna ukuvuselela ukuzingisa, kuya kufuneka ulandele amanye amanyathelo ambalwa esingazukuwakhankanya kuba kukho izixhobo ezenza lula ngakumbi. Ungayifumana indlela yokwenza kumaxwebhu.

I-UNetbootin

Le nkqubo Iyafumaneka kwiWindows, macOS kunye neLinux. Kwi-Linux ungayifaka usebenzisa i-binaries ephumezekayo efuna ukusungulwa kwi-terminal ngomyalelo sudo ./nombre del archivo descargado. Usenokucelwa ukuba ufake iipakethe ezongezelelweyo.

Into enomdla ye-UNetbootin yile ikuvumela ukuba ukhuphele unikezelo phambi kokulufaka, nangona ingasoloko ilolona guqulelo lwangoku, ngoko ke kungcono ukuyifumana kwiphepha elisemthethweni.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba le app sukufomatha isixhobo ngoko kufuneka ukwenze kwangaphambili.

Inkqubo yokudala imidiya yokufakela imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Khetha umfanekiso ikhutshelwe kwicandelo Idiskhi/umfanekiso.
2. gcwalisa ubungakanani lokuzingisa. U-1024 kufuneka abe ngaphezu kokwaneleyo.
3. Pulsa en Yamkela

Ngexesha elithile ngexesha lokukhutshwa kunye nokukopishwa kweefayile, inkqubo ibonakala iyeka. Akunjalo. CuNdigqibile, cofa apha Phuma kwaye uqalise kwakhona inkqubo. Khumbula ukuseta iodolo yokuqalisa yekhompyuter.

Njengoko ndisitsho kwi-caption yefoto ebonisa eli candelo, I-UNetbootin iya ngqo kwimowudi yovavanyo kwaye iyenza ngesiNgesi. Enkosi kwinto yokuba ukuzingisa kwethu kuyasebenza sinokuyiguqula le nto kwaye, ngenxa yokuzingisa, utshintsho luya kuba sisigxina. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuba uza kufaka Ubuntu kuphela kwidiski, qala umguquleli kwaye ukhethe iSpanish njengolwimi.

UBalena Etcher

Ezinye izixhobo elula kwaye yintoni Ukongeza ekudaleni indawo yokufaka usebenzisa i-pendrive, ungayenza ngamakhadi e-SD.. Ifumaneka kwii-Windows (32 kunye ne-64 bits), i-macOS kunye ne-Linux (kunye ne-32 kunye ne-64 bits). Kwimeko yonikezelo lweLinux engundoqo kunokwenzeka ukuba ungeze iindawo zokugcina ukugcina isicelo sihlaziyiwe. Olunye ukhetho ziipakethe kwi-DEB, RPM, kunye neefomati ze-Appimage.

UBalena Etcher naye ivumela ukuba sikhuphele umfanekiso ngaphambi kokuwufaka, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo ne-UNetbootin, iyenza ngokuthe ngqo kwikhonkco esiyibonisayo. Kufuneka ibe likhonkco lokukhuphela le-app, hayi iwebhusayithi. Ukongeza, sinokusebenzisa umfanekiso okhutshelwe ngaphambili okanye sihlanganise idiski.

Nje ukuba imvelaphi ikhethiwe, simisela indawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Ukuba kukho ngaphezu kwesinye isixhobo se-USB esiqhagamshelwe, sikhetha esichanekileyo kuluhlu. Ukuqala inkqubo, cofa ku Flash!.

Nje ukuba siyigunyazise ngegama eliyimfihlo, ukurekhoda kuya kuqalisa. Isikrini esibonisa inkqubela phambili siyabhida kuba uninzi lwayo lubandakanya intengiso yezinye iiprojekthi ezivela kubaphuhlisi. Isalathisi esibonakalayo kuphela ibha enemibala phakathi nasekhohlo.

Xa sele yenziwe, siqalisa kwakhona kwaye silungelelanise i-boot order yezixhobo.

Ngowuphi oyena ubalaseleyo kwezi zintathu?

Kuxhomekeke. Ukuba awubazi Ubuntu, okanye ufuna izinikezelo ezininzi kwisixhobo sakho, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yiVentoy. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza imidiya yofakelo elungiselelwe ukuthanda kwakho, UNetbootin. Ukuba uya kwenza imidiya yofakelo kwikhadi le-SD le-Balena Etcher.

Ngapha koko, ezi zithathu nje zezixhobo ezilishumi elinambini ezikhoyo ukwenza imidiya yokufakela Ubuntu ngentonga ye-USB.