Uyifaka njani i-Linux kwi-SSD

Ukuba ukhumbula iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo xa beqala ukuthengiswa ii-drive zokuqala ze-SATA kwaye iinkqubo zokusebenza azibandakanyi abaqhubi okanye abaqhubi kolu hlobo lojongano, ukufaka inkqubo yokusebenza kwenye yezi hard drive kwakunzima nangakumbi kwi-IDE okanye kwi-PATA hard drive. Kwezo meko, xa inkqubo ibifakelwe, umqhubi owongezelelweyo kufuneka alayishwe kwi-floppy disk okanye kwimithombo yeendaba zangaphandle ukuze inkqubo yofakelo ikwazi ukubona i-hard disk eyayiza kufakelwa kuyo i-OS.

Kwakunjalo nange-SCSI hard drive, nangona ezi zazingathandwa ngakumbi kwiikhompyuter zasekhaya kwakudala, njengoko zazibiza kakhulu. Kwimeko apho, inkqubo efanayo ilandelwe, yongezwa abaqhubi abongezelelweyo. Konke oku kutshintshiwe xa iinkqubo zokusebenza ziqala ngokwendalo zibandakanya abalawuli be-SATA njengoko besenza i-IDE / PATA kwaye akukho manyathelo ongezelelweyo ekufuneka enziwe.

Kodwa ngoku, sinamava afanayo xa ufaka imeko entsha eqinileyo yokuqhuba okanye i-SSD kwiinkqubo zokusebenza. Andithethi ngezo SSD hard drive ezinesimo esibonakalayo se-SATA, kwimeko apho akukho ngxaki ukuba sisebenzisa ii-SSOO zangoku. Kwelinye icala, ukuba sisebenzisa ujongano olungaqhelekanga "olungaxhaswanga ngokwendalo okwangoku, kuya kufuneka songeze olu hlobo lwabaqhubi abongezelelweyo xa sifaka inkqubo yokusebenza kwikhompyuter yethu, kungenjalo ayizukuyamkela indawo yokugcina.

Ewe, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ungaqhubeka njani faka i-distro ye-GNU / Linux oyithandayo Kuzo zonke ezi ntlobo zedrive hard drive ezinonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo, apha sikubonisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi, kuba ngumcimbi oqala ukukhathazeka kwaye uya kwenza nangakumbi xa kancinci kancinci olu hlobo lweedrive hard ziqala isasazwe yimarike. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ndiphephe ukuvelisa ialam, kuba abaqhubi baya kuphunyezwa ngokwendalo kwiinguqulelo ezintsha ...

Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyazi kwangaphambili?

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba kwesi sikhokelo, ndibonisa inkqubo eya kuthi isebenze kuninzi lwamatyala xa unikezelo ludala noko kwaye musa ukumilisela uhlobo lomqhubi olufunekayo kolu hlobo lweemoto ezinzima okanye iinkumbulo. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba kwiinguqulelo ezintsha, akufuneki kubekho ngxaki enkulu kuyo kwaye unokufaka ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu ...

Ndikucebisa ukuba uqale uzame nge inkqubo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuba uneengxaki, yenza le nkqubo ilandelayo ngokwetyala lakho... Ukuba awukayithengi i-hard drive, nantsi ukhetho lwee-SSD ezilungileyo kakhulu ukuze ukhethe eyona ifanele iimfuno zakho.

Kwimeko yofakelo lweWindows, kubonakala ngathi kwezinye iimeko abaqhubi kufuneka balayishwe kwizinto ezisuswayo ukusuka kufakelo, xa izahlulelo zizakwenziwa, kuba kwezinye iimeko idiski enzima inokungafunyanwa (thwala Qaphela ukuba unayo Windows 10 ufakelo lweDVD, ayizukuhlaziywa ...). Kodwa kwiLinux, njengoko abaqhubi bephunyezwa ngokukhutshwa kwe-kernel entsha, oku akuyomfuneko. Ke ngoko, kwiLinux ndiye ndagxila ngakumbi kwinkqubo, Oko kukuthi, Senza ntoni ngokungalunganga ukuze ingasebenzi ukuba kufanele ukusebenza?

Faka i-GNU / Linux kwi-Intel Optane:

I-Intel Optane ngokusisiseko ikhawulezisa i-SSD yakho, nangona inokusetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina izinto kwaye oku kubini kungabonisa ingxaki, kuxhomekeke kwinto esifuna ukuyisebenzisa kwiLinux ... Oko kukuthi, kwimeko yokuqala iya kuba i-buffer efakwe kwikhompyuter phakathi kwe-SSD ephambili okanye i-HDD kunye nememori ephambili. Oku kuvumela idatha eyimfuneko ukuba ilayishwe kule buffer kwaye inokufikeleleka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ngale nto ndiyenza icace into yokuba i-distro yethu, ngokomgaqo, asizukuyifaka kwi-Intel Octant, kodwa kwindawo yokugcina esinayo, nokuba yi-SATA, okanye enye yezi zinto zilandelayo sizibonisayo kumacandelo alandelayo.

Ngamanye amagama, i-Optane iya kuba luhlobo lweenkumbulo DRAM, njengeyona iphambili okanye i-RAM, kuphela kukuba ayitshintshi, ivumela ulwazi ukuba lugcinwe ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kokucinywa kwimeko yokumisa ukuhambisa inkumbulo njengoko isenzeka nge-RAM. Kodwa ngelishwa ayicacanga xa ufaka inkqubo yokusebenza kwaye sinokuba neengxaki xa sizama ukufaka i-distro yethu ngokuzimeleyo okanye kwi-dualboot ene-Windows ...

Yonke into ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ube nomqhubi we-Intel Optane kunye ne-kernel yamva nje exhasa i-Intel Rapid Storage Technology okanye Intel RST. Ke ngoko, ngekhe kubekho ngxaki kwaye uya kuqhubeka njengesiqhelo. Ngoku, oku akukakulungeli okwangoku kwaye abaqhubi bangoku abakacoci kakhulu kwaye abafikeleli kuzo zonke ii-distros, kuba ekuqaleni yayihambelana kuphela neWindows. Ke ukuba unayo i-distro engayixhasiyo okwangoku kwaye ukuba unokuzibhaqa ulungiselela ufakelo olutsha kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu ayisebenzi kakuhle, unga khubaza i-Intel Optane kwi-BIOS / UEFI yakho. Yayo:

1. Ukufikelela kwi I-BIOS / UEFI (ngesiqhelo ngokucinezela isitshixo sokucima xa uqalisa, okanye ezinye izitshixo ezinje ngeF2, F3, ... ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo)
2. Jonga kwiithebhu zemenyu ze-AHCI kunye ne-Intel RST ukhetho
3. Khubaza Intel RST / Optane kunye notshintsho kwi-AHCI.
4. Nje ukuba wenze, cinezela F10 kunye gcina utshintsho ngaphambi kokuphuma, okanye uskrole kwi Gcina & Phuma kwithebhu kwaye ugcine kwaye uphume kwimenyu ukusuka apho.
5. Ngoku umatshini uqalisa kwakhona ngoluqwalaselo, kwaye kwimeko yokuba yenye yezo zinto zokuqala ezazingakuvumeli ukubona hard drive Ngenxa ye-Optane, iya kuyifumana ngoku.

Okwangoku, inokusetyenziswa kunye nefomathi I-ZFS, kodwa ndicinga ukuba oku kuzakutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha… Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-Intel Optane ayisiyiyo itekhnoloji yobuninzi, kodwa ingokusetyenziselwa ishishini. Ke unokungakhathazeki kakhulu ngayo.

Kwimeko apho uzama ukubeka nayiphi na into ukwahlula Chaza njenge / ukuqala kwi-Intel Octane kwaye ayisebenzi, nangona umgaqo wakho uyixhasa, jonga incwadana yebhodi yakho yomama. Kukho ezinye ezinendawo ezininzi zolu hlobo lwe-SSD kodwa zinokuqala kuphela. Jonga ukuba ikwi-slot efanelekileyo ukuba i-motherboard yakho iyayivumela ukuba isebenzise njengesiqalo esiphakathi. Olunye ukhetho kukubeka / ukuqala kwenye i-hard drive nakwi-SSD isikhundla / ekhaya okanye nantoni na oyifunayo. Kwaye usebenzise i-LVM ukuba awunasithuba saneleyo sokwandisa amandla aso ngaphaya ... 

Ngale ndlela, akufuneki sibe nayo iingxaki ngokupheleleyo. Ngendlela, kancinci u-Optane ufikelela ngaphaya kweWindows, kwaye ii-distros ziya kuhambelana. Sele uyazi ukuba i-SUSE ibe yeyokuqala ukubhengeza inkxaso yayo yesivumelwano ne-Intel ye-SLES, kwaye sele uyazi ukuba ezi ntlobo zabaqhubi ziyinxalenye yekernel, ke akukho nto ibathintelayo ekubeni isetyenziswe kwezinye .. .

Faka i-GNU / Linux kwi-M.2 SSD:

Faka ukuhanjiswa kweLinux kwifayile M.2 I-SSD Inengxaki encinci kunaleyo ye-Optane, kuba kule meko yimemori eye yaziwa kakhulu kwii-PC zazo zonke iintlobo, kubandakanya nezo sizisebenzisa ekhaya. Olu hlobo lwe-hard drive lufana ne-SATA SSD, kuphela i-interface okanye uqhagamshelo lwetekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo iyahluka, kwaye ngenxa yoko isantya sokudlulisa idatha kunye nokusebenza.

Khumbula ukuba i-M.2 yinto yefom, kwaye ezi zinto ziqhuba nzima zinokuba zi-SATA kunye ne-NVMe. Kwimeko yokuba yi-SATA, akufuneki kubekho ngxaki inkulu kune-HDD okanye i-SSD yesiqhelo, kodwa ukuba ziyi-NVMe zinokubonisa iingxaki.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abasebenzisi baye badibana izikrini ezimnyama okanye iingxaki xa uqalisa ukuqala kwi-M.2 SSD xa bebambe isahlulelo / se-boot okanye i-bootloader kolu hlobo lwesixhobo sokugcina. Ukuyisombulula, unokufunda la manyathelo:

1-ucinga ukuba uyayenza kwimowudi ye-UEFI:

Kwimeko apho ufaka inkqubo kwi Imowudi ye-UEFI, hayi nge-BIOS yamandulo okanye yeLifa, ungazama oku kulandelayo:

1. Jonga ukuba wahlula-hlula ngokufanelekileyo, njengaleyo ye-100 MiB yokwahlulahlula kwe-UEFI kwifomathi yeFAT kwaye unendawo efanelekileyo yokuphakama. Ungasebenzisa inkqubo yokuzahlula eyifakayo okanye iGParted kule nto. Khumbula ukuba Ulwahlulo lwe-UEFI kufuneka ibe yeyokuqala.
2. Ukuba wena I-kernel yeyangoku kwaye inyathelo lokuqala lilungile, awunakuba nangxaki ekusebenzeni kwe-M.2.

2-Ucinga ukuba uyayenza kwi-BIOS okanye kwiLifa (CSM):

1. Yenza isahlulelo malunga ne-1024 KiB ekuqaleni kwehard drive yakho kwaye uyiphawule njenge Isahlulelo se-BIOS. Ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukwenza oku, njengoko senditshilo, njenge-cgdisk, okanye ezi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla.
2. Qhubeka ngesiqhelo ngayo yonke eminye imisebenzi kwaye kufuneka usebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukuba i-kernel inezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuxhasa. Ngendlela, ukuba sisixhobo esitsha osongezayo kwinkqubo okanye osele unayo GRUB ifakiwe, uyakufuna ukuyifaka kwakhona.

Ukuba akukho nanye kuloo nto isebenzayo kwaye usenengxaki, yiya kwicandelo NVMe...

Faka i-GNU / Linux kwi-PCI Express SSD:

Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuqala okanye ukufaka inkqubo kwi-hard drive I-PCIe SSD Akukho ngxaki. Kodwa ukuba ungena kuzo naziphi na iingxaki, ungazama oku:

• Qiniseka ukuba I-BIOS / UEFI (i-firmware) yamkela ukuqaliswa kwezi ntlobo zokuqhuba. Ngelishwa ayizizo zonke ezenzayo, nangona ukuba zezangoku kufuneka bazithwale.
• Jonga ukuba ngaba inkqubo iyabetha (okanye izama) ngqo kwenye i-SATA hard drive ekhoyo kwinkqubo endaweni yediski yePCIe. Kule meko, kunokuba ngumcimbi nje wokuhambisa i- into ephambili boot kwimenyu ye-BOOT ye-BIOS / UEFI yakho ukuze ithathe iPCIe kuqala ...
• Hlaziya i-GRUB nayo ngomyalelo Uhlaziyo lwe-sudo grup.
• Zama ukusebenzisa iFS eyahlukileyo okanye inkqubo yefayile, njengoko enye i-firmware ye-SSD ingahlali ixhasa i-ext4 ngokufanelekileyo. Zama enye okanye ufunde incwadi yakho ye-SSD ukufumana ukuba zeziphi iifomathi ezixhasayo.

Faka i-GNU / Linux kwi-NVMe SSD:

Kwimeko NVMe, Iya kuba yinto efana ncam nale bendiyithethile kwicandelo M.2, kodwa ukuba akukho namnye okusebenzeleyo kwaye usenengxaki, nangona kungafanelekanga ukuba zii-distros zale mihla, unokulandela amanye amanyathelo ongezelelweyo. Ukusombulula ezo ngxaki:

1. Jonga ukuba i-BIOS / UEFI yakho isebenzisa ubumbeko lwe-RAID endaweni yoko I-AHCI ngokukhetha kwe Boot Safe ukhubazekile. Ezinye iindlela ezinje ngeBoot ekhawulezayo zinokungqubana… Phuma kwaye ugcine utshintsho.
2. Xa imithombo yeendaba ilungile, qalisa ukufakela eqhelekileyo. Ndiyaphinda, oku ndicinga ukuba i-kernel yakho iyaluxhasa olu hlobo lwetekhnoloji kwaye ayisiyiyo indawo endala ...
3. Ngamanye amaxesha, kubonakala ngathi abasebenzisi abathile kuye kwafuneka basebenzise ukhetho kwi GRUB. Ngaphakathi koqwalaselo lwayo, kumgca apho kubonakala khona, bongeze ukhetho nvme_load = EWE kunye nvd_load = EWE, emva koko bahlaziya iGRUB. Ngokubhekisele kumgca wokumisela, kuya kujongeka njengokufana:
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT = »kuthe cwaka nvme_load = EWE nvd_load = EWE»

Ngolu hlengahlengiso oluncinci kufuneka lusebenze kwaye alubangeli ngxaki. Ukuba usebenzisa nayiphi na i-SSD yolu hlobo, ungafaka ulwahlulo lwe-EFI, / boot, / SWAP, kunye / kwi-SSD kunye / nasekhaya kwindawo yokugcina efana ne-HDD okanye enye i-SSD yesantya esiphantsi onayo kwikhompyuter yakho ... Ngendlela, uyazi ukuba olu hlobo lwediski lubonakala njenge / dev / nvme (nvme0n1, nvme0n1p1, ...) kwinkqubo, kwaye ayithandi njengesiqhelo / dev / sda okanye / dev / sdb, njl.

Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo:

Ndinyanzelisa kwakhona ukuba ukuba sisebenzisa ukuhanjiswa okuthandwayo, ngekernel ehlaziyiweyo kwaye sinabaqhubi abafanelekileyo, i-SSD yalo naluphi na uhlobo akufuneki ibe yingxaki kwiLinux. Ke, olona khetho lokulwa nezi ntlobo zeengxaki kukuzama ukufaka olona hlobo lwangoku lwe-distro oyithandayo. Ukuba ikhompyuter yakho ine-SSD oko kuthetha ukuba kufanele ukuba ibe yikhompyuter yangoku, ngenxa yoko akukho sizathu sokusebenzisa indawo endala ...

Ndiyathemba ukuba iluncedo kuwe. Ungalibali ukushiya ifayile yakho ye- izimvo...