U-Ariadne Conill usanda kugxeka umgaqo-nkqubo we-Free Software Foundation kwi-firmware yobunikazi kunye ne-microcode, kunye nemithetho yenyathelo elithi "Hlonipha Inkululeko Yakho" elijolise ekuqinisekiseni izixhobo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zobumfihlo kunye nenkululeko yomsebenzisi.
Ngokutsho kuka-Ariadne, umgaqo-nkqubo wesiseko uthintela abasebenzisi kwi-hardware yakudala, ikhuthaza abavelisi abafuna isatifikethi kwi-architecture ye-hardware overdesign, iyancipha ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezikhululekile kwi-firmware yobunikazi, kwaye yenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa iindlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko.
Ingxaki kungenxa yokuba isatifikethi "Hlonipha Inkululeko Yakho". inokufunyanwa kuphela sisixhobo apho yonke isoftware enikezelweyo kufuneka isimahla, kubandakanya i-firmware elayishwe yiCPU engundoqo.
Kwangelo xesha i-firmware esetyenziswe kwiiprosesa ezongezelelweyo ezizinzisiweyo zinokuhlala zivaliwe, ukuba abafaki ukuhlaziywa emva kokuba isixhobo siwela ezandleni zomthengi. Ngokomzekelo, isixhobo kufuneka sithumele nge-BIOS yamahhala, kodwa i-microcode elayishwe kwi-chipset ukuya kwi-CPU, i-firmware kwii-I / O izixhobo, kunye nezicwangciso zonxibelelwano ze-FPGA zangaphakathi zinokuhlala ziyimfihlo.
Kudalwe imeko apho ukuba i-firmware yobunikazi ilayishwe ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yokusebenza, izixhobo azikwazi ukufumana isatifikethi kwi-Free Software Foundation, kodwa ukuba i-firmware yenjongo efanayo ilayishwe nge-chip eyahlukileyo, isixhobo sinakho. qinisekiswa.
Le ndlela ithathwa njengento ephosakeleyo, kuba kwimeko yokuqala i-firmware ibonakala ngokucacileyo, umsebenzisi ulawula ukukhuphela kwayo, uyazi malunga nayo, unokuqhuba uphicotho oluzimeleyo lokhuseleko, kwaye ukuba i-analogue yamahhala ibonakala, kulula ukuyitshintsha. Kwimeko yesibini, i-firmware yibhokisi elimnyama, eliyingxaki yokuqinisekisa kwaye ubukho bakhe umsebenzisi angaziqondi, ekholelwa ngobuxoki ukuba yonke isofthiwe iphantsi kolawulo lwakhe.
Njengomzekelo wokukhohlisa okufihliweyo nge-firmware, i-smartphone ye-Librem 5 inikwe:
Kwi-SoC apho iprosesa eyahlukileyo isetyenziselwa ukuqalisa ikhompyuter (i-DDR4) kunye nokulayisha iiblobhu eziyimfuneko. Emva kokuba inqanaba lokuqalisa ligqityiwe, ulawulo ludluliselwe kwi-CPU ephambili kwaye iprosesa encedisayo yacinywa. Ngokusesikweni, isikimu esinjalo asizange siphule imiqathango yokufumana isatifikethi kwiSiseko seSoftware yaMahala, ekubeni i-kernel kunye ne-BIOS ayizange ilayishe ama-binary blobs (ekugqibeleni, nangona ezi ngxaki, i-Purism ayikwazanga ukufumana isatifikethi).
Iinkxalabo zokhuseleko kunye nozinzo benza ingcebiso yeFSF yokusebenzisa iLinux Libre kernel kunye neLibreboot firmware, bahlulwe kwiiblobhu ezilayishwe kwi-hardware. Ukulandela ezi ngcebiso kunokukhokelela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungaphumeleli kwaye zifihle izilumkiso malunga nesidingo sokufakela uhlaziyo lwe-firmware kwiibhugi ezingalungiswanga kunye nemiba enokubakho yokhuseleko (umzekelo, ngaphandle kohlaziyo lwe-firmware, inkqubo iya kuhlala isengozini yokuhlaselwa kweMeltdown kunye neSpecter).
Ukukhubaza uhlaziyo lwe-microcode kubonwa njengento engenangqondo, kwimeko yokuba inguqulelo edibeneyo ye-microcode efanayo, apho ubuthathaka kunye neebhugi ezingalungiswanga zihlala zilayishwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqalisa i-chip.
Esinye isikhalazo sibhekisa ekungenzekiyo kokufumana isatifikethi Yihloniphe Inkululeko Yakho kwihardware yanamhlanje (umzekelo omtsha weelaptops eziqinisekisiweyo usukela ngo-2009). Ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo ezitsha kuthintelwa bubukho betekhnoloji efana ne-Intel ME.
Umzekelo, ilaptop yeFramework iza ne-firmware evulekileyo kwaye igxile kulawulo olupheleleyo lomsebenzisi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba inconywe yiSiseko sasimahla seSoftware ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweeprosesa ze-Intel ezinobuchwephesha be-Intel ME (ukuvala i-Intel Management Engine mechanism). , enokususa zonke iimodyuli ze-Intel ME kwi-firmware, ezinganxulumananga nokuqaliswa kwe-CPU yokuqala, kwaye ukhubaze umqhubi we-Intel ME oyintloko usebenzisa ukhetho olungabhalwanga umz. I-System76 kunye neenkampani ze-Purism zenza kwii-laptops zazo) .
Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokwazi ngakumbi ngayo, ungajongana neenkcukacha kwi ukulandela ikhonkco.