ILuxux Glossary: ​​Iinkcazo eziza kukunceda uqonde ngcono eli hlabathi

Kunyaka ngamnye omtsha ongena, okanye iintsuku ngaphambi kokuba uyenze njengangoku, amanqaku ahlala efundwa aqinisekisa ukuba lo iya kuba ngunyaka weLinux. Ndiyifunde ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi, kodwa unyaka weenkqubo ezifana nezo sixoxa ngazo kule bhlog awukafiki. Ngokuyinxenye, kunengqiqo: iWindows ikhona yonke indawo, kwaye kuninzi ukugxeka ukuba ifakwe ngokungagqibekanga kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyutha. Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwenu aluyazi ukuba amanye amagama esiwasebenzisayo apha emhlabeni athetha ukuthini, kwaye kungenxa yoko le nto siye sacinga ukupapasha eli nqaku njenge Iglosari yeLinux.

Phantse ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kwixa elizayo siza kubhala amanqaku amaninzi achaza ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi oko kukhankanyiweyo kolu luhlu lwamagama eLinux, kodwa into esifuna ukuyenza kweli nqaku kukuba, iglosari yeLinux, engeyonto ngaphandle kwe Uluhlu lwamagama kunye nenkcazo ejoliswe ukuba icace, imfutshane kwaye ibe mfutshane. Siza kuzibeka ngolandelelwano lwealfabhethi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuzihlaziya ngeengcaciso ezingakumbi kwixesha elizayo, nokuba sinokucinga ngenye into esinokongeza okanye abafundi bethu basicebise ngayo.

Uluhlu lweLuhlu lweLinux: Iingcaciso wonke umntu kufuneka azi

• I-ALSA: isifinyezo se Advanced Linux Sound Architecture kwaye yinkqubo yesoftware kunye nenxalenye yeLinux kernel ebonelela ngojongano lwenkqubo yesicelo (API) kubaqhubi besixhobo sekhadi lesandi.
• AppImage: ifomathi yokusasaza isoftware "ephathekayo" kwiLinux ngaphandle kokuba ngumsebenzisi obalaseleyo ukufaka isicelo, into leyo, enyanisweni, engayenziyo. Ziyiphakheji apho isoftware ephambili kunye nokuxhomekeka kubandakanywa kwi-executable efanayo. Inqaku elihambelanayo.
• Bash: UNIX-njengeqokobhe kunye nolwimi lomyalelo
• CLI: Isifinyezo se-"Command Line Interface". Isetyenziswa, umzekelo, xa inkqubo isebenza kwi-terminal kwaye ujongano lwayo aluyiyo imizobo. Umzekelo.
• Myalelo: okubhaliweyo okubhalwe kwi-terminal, imibhalo kunye namanye amalungu ukuvusa iintshukumo. Sinokubhekisela kubo "njenge-odolo."
• ukuhanjiswa: Igama elifinyeziweyo elithi "usasazo" elichaza ngokusisiseko "ingcambu" okanye "umthombo" inkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwiLinux, efana neDebian, Ubuntu okanye iRed Hat. Kuzo kuvela "iincasa" okanye "iincasa": Ubuntu busasazo, uKubuntu yincasa. Nangona ngokutsho kwabanye abasebenzisi okanye enye inkcazo, inkqubo yokusebenza iya kuba sisiseko kwaye oko kuphuma kubo kuya kuba lusasazo. Umzekelo: IArch Linux: inkqubo yokusebenza; Manjaro, distro.
• Indawo yemizobo-Ekwaziwa njenge "desktop bume" kwamanye amazwe, liqela lamacandelo abonelela ngezinto zojongano lomsebenzisi njengee-icon, ii-toolbar, amaphephadonga kunye namawijethi. Enkosi kubume bemizobo sinokusebenzisa iLinux ngomzobo ngempuku kunye nebhodi yezitshixo njengoko sisenza kwiWindows kunye neMacOS. Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo sineGNOME, iPlasma okanye iXFCE.
• Flatpak: usetyenziso lolawulo lwephakheji apho isoftware isasazwa khona, ifakwe kwaye ilawulwe ebandakanya, kwiphakheji efanayo, isoftware ephambili, ukuxhomekeka, ixesha lokuqhuba kunye nayo yonke into eyimfuneko ukuyenza ukuba isebenze kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo esekwe kwiLinux enayo okanye yongezwe kuyo ephakathi. Ziiphakheji zendalo yonke kunye nebhokisi yesanti (eyodwa). Eyona ndawo isetyenziswayo yi Flathub.
• GNU: i-acronym ye "GNU's Not Unix", kwaye oyena mntu unoxanduva yayinguRichard Stallman emva kweminyaka engama-80. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-Linux ngokwenene ziyi-GNU / Linux, nangona kuzo zonke imidiya sinciphisa (embi) kwaye sibhekisela kubo ngokuthe ngqo njenge "Linux" .
• GRUB: Isilayishi se-GNU GRAnd esidityanisiweyo o I-GRUB yinkqubo eyenza ukuba umsebenzisi akhethe ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo esebenzayo efakiweyo okanye i-kernel ukuba ilayishe ngexesha lokuqalisa inkqubo. Ikwavumela umsebenzisi ukuba agqithise iingxoxo kwi-kernel. Unokuthi yinkqubo yokuqalisa esetyenziswa kwiLinux.
• GUI: isifinyezo se-"Graphical User Interface", eyi-graphical interface yomsebenzisi esivumela ukuba sisebenzisane nesoftware ngeefestile, iibhokisi zokukhangela, amaqhosha, njl. Kufana nefestile esiyibonayo xa usebenzisa isoftware. Ngaphandle kwe-GUI, into esiya kuba nayo yisoftware kwi "CLI", esiyichazile ngasentla.
• Jack: isifinyezo se "JACK Audio Connection Kit", eyiseva yesandi (kunye nenye into) eya kuvumela umsindo ukuba uvakale xa izicelo zicela. Ayiyiyo yodwa ekhoyo kwiLinux.
• IKernel: inucleus. Intliziyo. Xa sithetha ngenkqubo yokusebenza ye "Linux" (kusithiwa iya kuba yi "GNU / Linux"), into esiyithethayo kukuba isebenzisa i-Linux kernel, engumaleko wokuqala wesoftware esetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo kwaye iqulathe, phezu kwazo zonke, abaqhubi ukuze isebenze kulo naliphi na iqela lehardware. Ngapha koko, leyo yayiyinjongo kaLinus Torvalds xa wayeyiqala njengeprojekthi yomsebenzi aqhubeka nokusebenza kuyo.
• LTS: Isifinyezo se "Inkxaso yexesha elide". Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza okanye inkqubo iya kuxhaswa ixesha elide, apho ibonakala kakhulu kwiinguqulelo ze-LTS ze-Ubuntu eziphuma rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini kwaye zixhaswa iminyaka emi-5.
• Live Iseshoni: "iiseshoni ezibukhoma" zezo zikhoyo ukuba nje singayicimi okanye siyiqale kwakhona ikhompyuter. Zonke iinguqulelo esizenzileyo ziya kutshatyalaliswa ngelo xesha. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-USB ukufaka inkqubo yokusebenza okanye njengesixhobo sokubuyisela.
• Umbhobho wamanzi: yiseva yokulawula imijelo yeaudio kunye nevidiyo kunye nehardware kwiLinux. Iphatha iindlela zemultimedia kunye nokusetyenzwa kwemibhobho. Ngexesha lokubhalwa kweli nqaku, ngoDisemba 2021, lisephantsi kophuhliso, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba, kunye neWayland, iyakuphucula kakhulu yonke into enxulumene nomfanekiso kunye nesandi, kwaye iphucule ukuhambelana phakathi kweeseva ezahlukeneyo zeaudio. kunye nevidiyo..
• Pulse-Iseva yeaudio enenethiwekhi esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiLinux, kodwa nakwiBSD, macOS, okanye iinkqubo zeSolaris.
• Umviwa oKhululwayo- Ileyibhile okanye amagama asetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kuguqulelo oluphambili lwesoftware ephantsi kophuhliso. Umzekelo, kukho iinkampani ezilebhile isoftware yazo ngokuthi "Khupha uMviwa" kwiveki okanye ezimbini phambi kokuba kukhutshwe inguqulelo ezinzileyo. Kwimeko ye-kernel (Linux), isetyenziselwa iinyanga ezimbini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba into abayenzayo ngokwenene lutshintsho kwinguqu ezinzileyo.
• Ukukhupha ukuQengqeleka- Uphuhliso lweSoftware kunye nemodeli yokuhanjiswa efika ngokukhawuleza xa ifumaneka, kwaye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo eziyisebenzisayo zifakwe kanye kwaye zifumana uhlaziyo lobomi. KwiLinux, iArch Linux ikhona, kwaye kwakukholelwa ukuba Windows 10 yayiza kuba xa beqinisekisa ukuba iya kuba yinguqulelo yamva nje yenkqubo yeMicrosoft (ngoku yaziwa ukuba kuya kubakho Windows 11). Nangona, ke, iWindows yazalisekisa kuphela inxalenye yokuhlaziya ubomi, kwaye akunjalo.
• Shell: Umyalelo weLinux okanye itoliki yomyalelo.
• su: umyalelo ontsingiselo yawo ithi "umsebenzisi obambeleyo", kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukutshintsha ukusuka komnye umsebenzisi ukuya komnye. Ikwenza oku ngokuqala iqokobhe lokungena kulawulo lwangoku kunye nokusingqongileyo (su) okanye ngokutshintshela ngokupheleleyo kwimimiselo yomsebenzisi ekujoliswe kuyo (su -).
• sudo: umyalelo wokucela amalungelo aphezulu okanye aphezulu omsebenzisi. Idla ngokubekwa phambi kweminye imiyalelo ukuze ikwazi ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile, njengokufakela isoftware okanye ukuhambisa iifayile kubalawuli abakhuselweyo. Inqaku malunga ne-sudo kunye ne-su.
• snap: umphathi wepakethe kunye nophuhliso oluphuhliswe yiCanonical kwaye oluphikisana neFlatpak ukuba ibe yipakethe yendalo yonke equka isofthiwe kunye nokuxhomekeka, ixesha lokugijima kunye nabanye kwiphakheji efanayo. Zikwayibhokisi yesanti. Inqaku elihambelanayo.
• Sway: Umphathi wefestile oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe i3 ekhoyo kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezisekwe kwiLinux. Yenzelwe ukusebenza eWayland, kwaye ayinayo idesktop enokusetyenziswa. Iifestile zivula kwisikrini esigcweleyo, kunye nemida eqwalaselweyo, iifestile ezintsha zahlula isikrini ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye unokutshintsha ngokulula ukusuka kwenye "idesktop" enye uye kwenye ngeendlela ezimfutshane zebhodi yezitshixo. Ngapha koko, umsebenzisi onamava angayenza yonke ngekhibhodi. Njengoko ingenamalungu amaninzi okusingqongileyo okuqhelekileyo kwemizobo, iyakhaphukhaphu.
• Ungqamaniso: amakhonkco "omfuziselo" okanye "athambileyo", athi kwezinye iisistim aziwe ngokuba "ziindlela ezimfutshane". Zingasetyenziswa, umzekelo, ukufikelela kwifayile okanye incwadi ukusuka kwenye indlela. Ikhonkco elinxulumeneyo.
• Itarball: isoftware eninzi isasazwa ixinzelelwe. Ifomati esetyenziswa kakhulu le yi TAR, esuka kwiTape Archive, kunye netarball okanye itarfile ligama elinikwe iqela okanye ifayile eyenziwe ngeefayile ezininzi ezidityaniswe kusetyenziswa umyalelo we TAR okanye ujongano lomzobo (GUI) ucinezelo lwesoftware. Zinokufumaneka nge-.tar okanye .tar.gz ulwandiso, kwaye isoftware inokufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tarball.
• Indawo yokukhwelela: i-peripheral esebenzisana nomntu, iqulethe imveliso kunye negalelo, isikrini kunye nekhibhodi. Ngokwenyani, into esiyisebenzisayo kwiLinux xa sikwinkqubo enomzobo wojongano yi "terminal emulator".
• eTuxedo: Linux mascot. Yipenguin kwaye ivela kwisoftware efana neTux Guitar, iTux Paint okanye iTux Kart. Inqaku elihambelanayo.
• Wayland: bonisa iprothokholi enemigangatho eyongezelelweyo yokhuseleko. I-app nganye ithathwa njengomthengi kwaye i-hardware ngumncedisi, kwaye i-Wayland iya kuba yibhulorho eyenza umfanekiso ube khona. Namhlanje, abaphuhlisi abaninzi bagxile kwi-Wayland kuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwaye ikamva lilele kuyo.
• ISISELO SOMDILIYA: isifinyezo seWayini ayiyo-Emulator, kodwa eneneni ibonakala ngathi injalo. Yisoftware equlethe yonke into oyifunayo ukwenza usetyenziso lweWindows kwiLinux, kodwa nakwiMacOS nakwiAndroid. Ekuphuhlisweni rhoqo kunye nokuphucula ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokufakwa, umzekelo, Guitar Pro kwiLinux.
• X11: X Window (ekwaziwa njenge X11, okanye X nje) ngumxhasi / inkqubo yefestile yomncedisi yemiboniso ye bitmap. Iphunyezwe kwiindlela ezininzi zokusebenza ezifana ne-UNIX kwaye ifakwe kwezinye iindlela ezininzi.

Ngaba ikho enye into eyongeza?

Eli nqaku malunga neglosari yeLinux iya kuhlaziya ngokuhamba kwexesha ukubandakanya ngakumbi nangakumbi iinkcazo. Ekuqaleni songeze ezi kuba siyazi ukuba uninzi lwenu lunamathandabuzo ngazo, ezinje nge "tarball". Injongo yethu kukukunceda uqonde, kwaye siyathemba ukuba emva kokufunda le Linux glossary kuya kuba lula ukufunda amanye amanqaku kwibhlog.