Injongo kukudala iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-hardware edibeneyo okanye izixhobo ze-peripheral
UGoogle usanda kukhutshwa ngeposi blog ukuya KataOS, inkqubo yokusebenza egxile kwizixhobo ezizinzisiweyo ukuqhuba umsebenzi wokufunda koomatshini. I-KataOS yenzelwe ukuba igxile kukhuseleko, kuba isebenzisa ulwimi lwenkqubo yeRust kwaye isekwe kwi-seL4 microkernel njengesiseko.
I-KataOS yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nenani elihlala linyuka lezixhobo ezixhunyiwe, ngokugxila ngokukodwa kwi-hardware edibeneyo eqhuba izicelo zokufunda ngomatshini. Ukunika ingqalelo ekhulayo yemveliso ye-RISC-V, olu lwakhiwo lweprosesa yeyona nto iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo kwi-KataOS.
Malunga neKataOS
I-Google ibonise inkqubo yayo yokusebenza i-KataOS, isaphuhliswa, injongo yayo kukubonelela ngenkqubo yokhuseleko yezixhobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi.
Ukhankanya ukuba yazalwa ngokuqwalasela, ngenxa yesidingo sokusebenza kwiprojekthi yolu hlobo, «ngakumbi nangakumbi izixhobo ezinxibeleleneyo ziyathengiswa eziqokelela kwaye ziqhube ulwazi lokusingqongileyo«. Nangona kunjalo, NgokukaGoogle, ezi zixhobo zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kwiingxaki zokhuseleko. Inkampani ibonisa, umzekelo, ukuba idatha ezi zixhobo ziqokelelwa zinokuba sengozini kubahlaseli bangaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintsholongwane zinokuba iifoto, ukurekhoda, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.
Ukuqala ukusebenzisana nabanye, siye savula imithombo emininzi yenkqubo yethu ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza, ebizwa ngokuba yi-KataOS, kwi-GitHub, kunye nentsebenziswano ne-Antmicro kwisilingisi sabo seRenode kunye nezakhelo ezinxulumeneyo. Njengesiseko sale nkqubo intsha yokusebenza, sikhethe i-seL4 njenge-microkernel kuba ibeka phambili ukhuseleko; kungqinwa ngokwemathematika ukuba kukhuselekile, kunye nemfihlo eqinisekisiweyo, imfezeko, kunye nokufumaneka.
KuGoogle, isisombululo esilula sokujongana nale nto iya kuba yinkqubo eqinisekisiweyo ekhuselekileyo kwi-hardware ye-onboard. Ngokuba ? Ukhuseleko lwenkqubo luhlala luphathwa njengenkqubo yesoftware enokongezwa kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo okanye isonjululwe ngesiqwenga esongezelelweyo se-ASIC hardware, edla ngokunganelanga. Kukule meko apho iKataOS yazalwa.
UGoogle ukwasebenzisana neAntmicro. Umbutho izakuxelisa kwaye ilungise i-GDB kwizixhobo ekujoliswe kuzo usebenzisa iRenode. Ngaphakathi, I-KataOS inamandla okulayisha ngokuguquguqukayo kwaye iqhube iinkqubo zeqela lesithathu. Neenkqubo ezenziwe ngaphandle kwesakhelo seCAmkES zinokuqhuba apho. Amacandelo afunekayo ukuqhuba ezi zicelo azikabikho kumthombo weGithub. Nangona kunjalo, uGoogle ujonge ukwenza ezi zinto zisebenze kungekudala.
Enkosi kwisakhelo se-seL4 CAmkES, sinako ukubonelela ngenkqubo echazwe ngokweenkcukacha-manani kunye nenxalenye yenkqubo ecazululekayo. I-KataOS ibonelela ngeqonga elikhuselekileyo elikhusela ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba izicelo zophule ukhuseleko lwe-kernel hardware kunye namalungu enkqubo akhuselekile ngokuqinisekileyo. I-KataOS iphantse yaphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-Rust, ebonelela ngesiqalo esiluqilima sokhuseleko lwesoftware ngokususa zonke iindidi zeempazamo, ezinje ngeempazamo enye kunye nokuphuphuma kwebuffer.
UGoogle wenze ireferensi yokuphunyezwa kweKataOS ebizwa ngokuba nguSparrow. Isizathu sikaSparrow kukuveza ngokupheleleyo inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokusingqongileyo.
Sebenzisa iKataOS ngeqonga elikhuselekileyo lehardware, njengoko ungqatyana lubandakanya ingcambu ekhuselekileyo ecacileyo yokuthembeka eyakhiwe nge-OpenTitan kuyilo lwe-RISC-V. Oku kongeza kumbindi wenkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa kokuqala kweKataOS, uGoogle ujonge ukusebenzisa ukulinganisa kweQEMU. Uya kusebenzisa olu linganiso ukuqhuba inkqubo ye-ARM esemgangathweni ye-64-bit.
Gqibela Kwabo banomdla, bafanele bayazi loo nto iprojekthi ibekwe ngaphakathi GitHub kwaye ngoku nguvimba ibandakanya uninzi lwamalungu aphambili ye KataOS, kuquka nesakhelo esisisebenzisela umhlwa (ezifana ne-sel4-sys, ebonelela nge-seL4 inkqubo yokufowuna APIs), enye ingcambu yomncedisi ebhalwe kwi Rust (efunekayo kulawulo lwenkumbulo eguqukayo yenkqubo-ebanzi), kunye nokuguqulwa kwekernel kwi-seL4. enokubanga kwakhona inkumbulo esetyenziswe ngumncedisi wengcambu.
Ungandwendwela indawo yokugcina iprojekthi ku eli khonkco lilandelayo.