Ngaba ikhona into esinokuyenza ukuze singalahleki kangako kwintsebenzo evela kwi-Meltdown kunye ne-Specter patches?

I-Intel yayifuna ukuzithethelela Ukunyibilika kunye neSpecial Yayiyingxaki yakhe, emva koko walungisa wenza ingxelo esidlangalaleni apho wakhankanya i-AMD kunye ne-ARM njengamaqabane ezobuchwephesha awayesebenza nawo ukusombulula ingxaki kwaye ke kwinkqubo bebalatha, kodwa zombini i-ARM kunye ne-AMD azikho ichaphazeleke kakhulu ngenxa yolu buthathaka njenge-Intel, kuba iMeltdown iphantse yenziwa kuphela kwii-Intel microprocessors (kunye nee-ARMs ezithile) kwaye iSpecter ichaphazela ngakumbi ii-microprocessors, kodwa hayi kwinqanaba elifanayo kwaye i-Intel iphinda ithathe elona candelo libi.

Baye bakhawuleza ukuyithetha loo nto ukulahleka kokusebenza iya kuba phantse i-nil, ukuba abasebenzisi abayi kuyibona emva kokufaka iipatches. Kuyinyani ukuba akukho lahleko inkulu njengoko bekulindelekile kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba kuxhomekeke kwisizukulwana se-chip yakho ilahleko inokuba ncinane okanye ibe qatha. Sele beyamkele kwaye ngoku sele bewenzile uvavanyo kunye neebenchmark ukubala ilahleko onokuthi ube nayo kwi-Intel emva kokufaka ii-patches ezifanayo kwinkqubo yakho, kwaye nangona iimvavanyo zenziwa ngeMicrosoft Windows, yeLinux kunye ezinye iinkqubo ezinje ngeMacOS ziya kufana ...

Uqikelelo lwelahleko yokusebenza ...

Njengoko benditshilo, ukuba i-30% yokuphulukana nokusebenza ayifani kwaphela, ubuncinci kwiimodeli ze-CPU zamva nje ezikhutshiweyo. Ngelixa indala i-chip yakho kukulahleka kokusebenza ngakumbi kuyakuthetha ukuvuselelwa ngeMeltdown kunye neSpecial patches. Uvavanyo olwenziwe yi-Intel kufuneka luthathwe nge-tweezers, kuba ndicinga ukuba iibenchmark ezikhethiweyo ziyaxhamla kumenzi kwaye khange zibekwe kwelona tyala, ukongeza imilinganiselo yenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezona zicelo zisetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi , Kodwa njengoko usazi ngokuxhomekeke kwisoftware inokwahluka.

I-Intel ikwenzile kwakhona ukukopela kwimilinganiselo, yiyo loo nto Sebenzisa ii-SSD drive Kuzo zonke izixhobo azisebenzisileyo, into eya kuba lolunye uphuculo esinokuthi sizenzele lona ukulwa nefuthe. Ewe, ukuba siyayitshintsha i-HDD ye-SSD, isantya sokufikelela kule yokugqibela siza kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ukukhutshwa kwe-TLB kuya kuthetha ilahleko esezantsi kunoko kunokunikwa kwidiski eqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba une-HDD idatha kwezi mvavanyo ze-Intel inethemba kwaye akufuneki ulindele ukufumana idatha kwezi benchmark. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo azikhange zenziwe nazo zonke iimodeli kodwa ukhethe esinye kwisizukulwana ngasinye, ndicinga ukuba baphinde bakhetha abo babonisa eyona datha intle yomfanekiso webrendi.

Iziphumo ibe:

• Isizukulwana se-Intel Core 8th Generation (iKaby Lake kunye neChibi leCoffe)Kuqikelelwa ukuba umndilili wempembelelo yokusebenza inokuba yi-6% kwimisebenzi emininzi nakwizicelo zewebhu ezinje ngokuqhutywa kwekhowudi yeJavaScript ungabona ilahleko efikelela kwi-10%.
• Isizukulwana se-Intel Core 7th Generation (iKaby Lake-H): apha kwizicelo zeofisi kunye nezinye ukusebenza kuya kwehla nge-7%, inqaku elinye ngaphezulu kwimeko yangaphambili kwaye kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwewebhu kuya kunyusa kancinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-8.
• Isizukulwana se-6th Intel Core (Skylake-S): malunga ne-8% ngesiqhelo… Kodwa uvavanyo oluthile olubizwa ngokuba yiMpendulo kwi-SYSMark 2014 SE lubone ilahleko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-79% nokuba usebenzisa i-SSD.
• Intel ngaphambi kokuEwe, akukho vavanyo lwenziweyo okwangoku, ubuncinci hayi eluntwini, kodwa kwisizukulwana ngasinye kuya kufuneka wongeze amanqaku okuphulukana noko kwabonwa kwezi zintathu zokugqibela, kuba ezi zintathu zokugqibela zimele ukuba zezizo ilahleko incinci kakhulu. Kuthekani ngeeprosesa ezivela kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo? Siza kubona impendulo yabasebenzisi ...

Ngomthwalo womsebenzi ovavanywe yi-Intel ilahleko zezi zizukulwana, kodwa ...kunye nemithwalo ephezulu yomsebenzi? Ndicinga ukuba kuya kubakho iimpikiswano ezivela kubasebenzisi abangonwabanga kungekudala. Ewe, iidrama zinokuthula kancinci kuba imidlalo yevidiyo ayifuni minxeba mininzi kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwabo, ukwehla kokusebenza kwabo akubonakali kangako kwaye kunokuba malunga ne-2% kwaye i-FPS ayonakaliswanga.

Uyiphucula njani intsebenzo ngokwembono ebonakalayo?

Ngokuphathelele izixhobo zehardware sinokutyala imali encinci ukubuyekeza ilahleko yokusebenza:

• ICPU: Singayiphucula i-CPU ibe yimodeli yanamhlanje ukuba isokethi kunye ne-chipset iyayixhasa, yiyo loo nto iinzuzo zokubandakanya ubuchule obuncinci be-microarchitecture okanye iprosesa eneempawu eziphezulu inokukufihla oku kulahleka kokusebenza, nangona ngokucacileyo iyafana ne-chip yakho yangaphambili, entsha iya kuba nelahleko yokusebenza ehambelana nenkqubo engafakwanga. Into esengqiqweni ayizukuhlaziya i-microprocessor ngaphandle kokuba sinayo endala kakhulu kwaye ilahleko idume kakubi kwaye sele sikhutshiwe ukuba sicinge ngotshintsho.
• i-ram: ukwandisa imemori ye-RAM ngekhe kuyenzakalise, kuba singayinyusa intsebenzo kancinci kwaye senze ukuba ilahleko yokusebenza inyamezeleke. Kule meko, mhlawumbi kungenxa yabo bane-microprocessor yanamhlanje kwaye abafuni ukuyitshintsha kodwa ukuphuma kwemali engeyiyo kakhulu sinokuthelekisa imodyuli entsha ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwememori yesibini (i-SWAP) ukugcina inkqubo idatha kwaye i-microprocessor ithatha nangakumbi imijikelezo yokukhupha kwi-TLB.
• Ukuqhuba nzima: Inokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokubandakanya i-SSD kwizixhobo zethu, oku kuya kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza ngokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokufikelela kule nkumbulo ngokubhekisele kwii-HDD. Kungenxa yoko le nto ifuthe lokusebenza li-SSDs liza kuba lincinci, yiyo loo nto i-Intel ibasebenzise ukwenza iimvavanyo. Ungahlala ushiya i-HDD yakho njengediski yedatha kunye ne-SSD yesoftware.
• Ukugqithisa: Njengokuba uyazi into oyenzayo, mhlawumbi ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokubheja ukugqitha kwinkqubo yakho ukufumana amakhulu ambalwa e-megahertz evulwe kwi-CPU yakho ... Kodwa ungalibali ukuba oku kunokubangela iingxaki kozinzo kwezinye iichips kwaye ngakumbi kufuneka uphucule ukupholisa, ke oko kuya kuthetha neendleko zoqoqosho.

Ngokuqinisekileyo Akukho nanye kutshintsho lwezixhobo zexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ukuba sifuna ukubuyisa inxenye yentsebenzo, kuya kufuneka sichithe imali. Ngokucacileyo ayingabo bonke abasebenzisi ekufuneka bekwenzile oku, kuphela ngabo kubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukusebenza. Kwakhona, ukuba i-CPU yakho yeyesizukulwana sokugqibela, uyabona ukuba iilahleko azinkulu kangako, kwaye kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo kuphela utshintsho lwezinto xa izixhobo zakho zindala okanye xa usetyenziso olisebenzisayo lukuqaphela ngakumbi ukonakala kwamabala anje. njengeziko ledatha, njl.

Ukuphucula njani ukusebenza kwesoftware?

Ukulahla ukukhutshwa kwemali kokuchukumisa izixhobo zethu zekhompyutha Kuya kufuneka sizibuze ukuba ngaba ngesixhobo esinye esinaso singenza okuthile kulwabiwo lwethu lwe-GNU / Linux ukuze ilahleko yokusebenza ingabonakali kangako. Impendulo kukuba sinokuthi senze into kwaye yiyo nayiphi na into enokuthi ngokutshintsha useto kunokunceda ukusebenza. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezinye zezi zinto sele uzazi:

• AMD: Ukuba une-CPU ye-AMD kufuneka uphephe iipatches, nangona oku kungumngcipheko, kuba ezi chips azikho simahla kwi-Specter kodwa kuyinyani ukuba umngcipheko usezantsi kakhulu ngenxa yomehluko wokwakha phakathi kwe-Intel ne-AMD ... Ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva i-kernel iya kufika apho sele unayo le patches kwaye akuyi kuba kuhle ukusebenzisa i-kernel ngaphandle kokuhlaziya ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho. Eyona ilungileyo yindlela yoqwalaselo yokukhubaza oku kwii-CPU ezithile ...
• Ukuqina: Andizukuyibamba ngakumbi ipharamitha ye-kernel ngokubhekisele kuXinzelelo lweCache, kodwa sinokuguqula ukuThafa ngakumbi ukuba sine-HDD, kuba kwimeko yokuba ne-SSD umahluko uya kuba mbalwa. Ixabiso leeSwappines libangela ukuba i-kernel iguqule ukubekwa phambili kwe-RAM / ye-SWAP. Ixabiso le-0 okanye eliphantsi lithetha ukuba i-SWAP ayizukusetyenziswa kangako ke iya kuthi izuze kancinci kwilahleko yokusebenza emva kokufaka iiSpecial kunye neMeltdown patches. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube ne-RAM enkulu ukuze eli nyathelo lingachaphazeli ukusebenza kwelinye icala. Ukuba unesakhono se-RAM esifanelekileyo kunye ne-HDD, thintela amaxabiso aphezulu okanye asondele kwi-100 kuba baya kuthi basebenzise ngakumbi ukwahlulahlula-hlula kwe-SWAP kwaye bayishiye i-RAM ingenanto, ke kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukufikelela kwidatha kunye nemiyalelo ebanjelwe apho . Ukubona ixabiso langoku le-Swappiness yakho sinokusebenzisa i-cat concatenator kunye nokuguqula ixabiso le-sysctl, umzekelo ukubeka i-10% yokusetyenziswa kwe-SWAP kunye ne-90% ye-RAM:

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10

• Sebenzisa bume beendawo ezisisiseko sedesktop okanye ukuhambisa ngokupheleleyo imeko yemizobo, xa kunokwenzeka kwaye umsebenzisi aneliseke yimowudi yokubhaliweyo, sisisombululo esigqibeleleyo kodwa esinegalelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni. Ukuba kwimeko yakho awufuni ukuyeka izibonelelo ze-GUI, unokukhetha i-distro engasindi. Khumbula ukuba nawuphi na umthwalo owususayo uthetha izixhobo zasimahla ezinokusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo.
• Kwaye ngale nto ndiyithethileyo kumhlathi odlulileyo ukutsho ukuba ingayinto elungileyo ukuyeka zonke iidemon iinkonzo esingazisebenzisi. Oku akuphuculi intsebenzo kuphela, kodwa nokhuseleko. Umyalelo wokubulala unokuba lihlakani lakho ekubulaleni iinkqubo ezingeyomfuneko.
• Ukuba awuyazi indlela emiselweyo ye-SELinux Kungcono ukuba ungayisebenzisi, ukhethe ezinye iindlela zokhuseleko. Nangona iphucula ukhuseleko kakhulu kodwa inzima kakhulu, kwaye ukuba ayilunganga ngokungalunganga ayinakulungela ilahleko enkulu yokusebenza enokuthi icinge.
• Soloko uhlanganisa isoftware evela kumthomboUnokusebenzisa iiflegi zomhlanganisi ezithile ukwenza imiyalelo ye-CPU yakho ethile, eya kuphucula ukusebenza.
• Cwangcisa kernel njengokukhanya ngokusemandleni ukushenxisa bonke abo balawuli singabasebenzisiyo ukuba bangawenzi umfanekiso mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuba zisekondari, musa ukuziphawula ukuze zibandakanywe kwi-kenel, kodwa njengeemodyuli. Izinketho zoqwalaselo ezinxulumene ne-CPU oya kuthi uyifumane kwisakhelo nazo zinokukhulisa umsebenzi kakhulu.
• Khetha inkqubo elungileyo yefayile:
  • i-btrfs: intsebenzo elungileyo iyonke, nokuba ingcono kune-ext4 ke iya kuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
  • ext4: intsebenzo elungileyo xa iyonke.
  • I-JFS: Ayisebenzisi ncinci i-CPU, ngenxa yoko lukhetho olunokuqwalaselwa.
  • I-XFS: ukuba uphatha iifayile ezinkulu kakhulu, ezinje ngesiseko sedatha iya kuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenza kwayo. Kwelinye icala, kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo kunokuba yingozi kuba ukusebenza kwayo kuya kusiba kubi ngeefayile ezincinci.
  • I-ReiserFS: ngokuchasene neyangaphambili, ukusebenza kakuhle kweefayile ezincinci.
• Andikucebisi ukuba ugcine indawo yememori ye-RAM kwaye ubeke uhlobo oluthile lwe-FS apho njengenye indlela eya kwi-SSD okanye ulayishe / tmp apho, kuba kuyinyani ukuba iya kuphucula ixesha lokufikelela ledatha ebanjelwe apho kodwa iya kusebenzisa ngakumbi i-CPU. Luphephe olu hlobo lokuziqhelanisa okanye usebenzise ikhomputha, njl.
• Kukho kwakhona software ekhuthaza ukusebenza yenkqubo yethu, ke kuya kuba kuhle ukusebenzisa le software yolondolozo amaxesha ngamaxesha ukunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza. Umzekelo verynice ... Kwaye ngoku ndibhalile eli gama ndikhumbula nje imiyalelo efana neNice, renice kunye ionice enokubaluleka ngakumbi kwezi meko. Sele sithethile ngabo kwi-LxA.
• Kukho kwakhona amaqhinga kumnatha weenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukuba usebenzisa nantoni na rhoqo unokujonga la maqhinga ukukhawulezisa. Umzekelo weFirefox, LibreOffice, SSH, njl.

Ungalibali ukushiya ifayile yakho ye- izimvo, amathandabuzo okanye iingcebiso...