Emva kweminyaka emine yophuhliso ukukhululwa kwenguqulo entsha ye "Qubes 4.1" yabhengezwa eyinkqubo yokusebenza igxile kukhuseleko lwedesktop ngokusebenzisa ukubekwa wedwa okusekwe kwi-Xen hypervisor. I-Qubes OS yinkqubo yokusebenza yasimahla nevulelekileyo ngokupheleleyo.
qubes iphumeza umbono wokusebenzisa i-hypervisor ukwenzela ukubekwa wedwa kwesicelo esingqongqo kunye namacandelo enkqubo yokusebenza kwaye apho izicelo zihlulwe zibe ziiklasi ngokokubaluleka kwedatha ecutshungulwayo kunye nemisebenzi esonjululwe.
I-Fedora kunye ne-Debian ingasetyenziswa njengesiseko sokwakha iindawo ezisingqongileyo, kwaye uluntu luxhasa kwakhona itemplates ze-Ubuntu, iGentoo, kunye ne-Arch Linux, kwaye kuyenzeka ukuba uququzelele ukufikelela kwizicelo kumatshini we-Windows virtual, kunye nokudala i-Whonix- esekelwe koomatshini benyani ukubonelela ngokungena ngokungaziwa ngeTor.
Yintoni entsha kwiQubes 4.1
Kolu guqulelo lutsha oluvezwayo, i inkxaso yovavanyo kwi-Audio Domain, indawo eyahlukileyo yeseva yeaudio ekuvumela ukuba utsale amacandelo okwenziwa komsindo kwi-Dom0.
Olunye utshintsho olwahlukileyo kukuba isiseko esitsha siphunyeziwe ukugcinwa, ulwakhiwo oluzenzekelayo, kunye novavanyo lweetemplates ezongezelelweyo zokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza kwiGentoo, iziseko zophuhliso ibonelela ngenkxaso yeetemplates zeArch Linux kunye novavanyo lwekernel yeLinux.
Kuyacaciswa ukuba ukuphuculwa kolwakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo, inkxaso eyongeziweyo yokujonga inkqubo yohlanganiso olusekwe kwi-GitLab CI, kunye nomsebenzi wenziwe ukuphumeza ulwakhiwo oluphinda-phindayo lwemeko-bume esekwe kwi-Debian, enokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo e-Qubes aqulunqa ngokuthe ngqo kwimithombo ebhengeziweyo kwaye ayiqulathanga. utshintsho olungaphandle, ukutshintshwa kwayo, umzekelo, kunokwenziwa ngokuhlaselwa kwezakhiwo zokwakha okanye iiflegi kumqokeleli.
Kwelinye icala, kuyacaciswa ukuba Inkqubo yangasemva yomgaqo-nkqubo we-qrexec kunye inkqubo entsha yomthetho ye-injini ye-Qrexec RPC ekuvumela ukuba uphumeze imiyalelo kumxholo wemeko-bume ezithile ezinenyani. Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-Qrexec ichaza ukuba ngubani onokwenza ntoni kwaye phi kwi-Qubes.
Ngaphandle koko, nayo kuphunyezwe ukukwazi ukusebenzisa indawo engqongileyo ye-GUI eyahlukileyo enamacandelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kojongano lomzobo. Ngaphambili, kwimekobume enenyani kudidi ngalunye lwezicelo, umncedisi we X owahlukileyo, umphathi wefestile eyenziwe lula, kunye nomncedisi wevidiyo wakhululwa oguqulelwe imveliso kwindawo yolawulo kwimo edityanisiweyo, kodwa amacandelo estakhi semizobo, umphathi wefestile yedesktop engundoqo. , izilawuli zokubonisa, kunye nabaqhubi bemizobo bonke babaleke kwindawo engundoqo.
Imisebenzi enxulumene nemizobo ngoku ingasuswa kwi-Dom0 ukuya kwindawo eyahlukileyo yendawo ye-GUI kwaye yahlulwe kumacandelo olawulo lwenkqubo.
Ye- Olunye utshintsho evelele kule nguqulo intsha:
- Ukuphuculwa kwenkxaso yemiboniso ephezulu yeepikseli.
- Inkxaso eyongeziweyo yeemilo zekhesa ezahlukeneyo.
- Kuphunyezwe isaziso malunga nokunqongophala kwendawo yediski yasimahla.
- Inkxaso eyongeziweyo kwimodi yokubuyisela i-Paranoid Backup, esebenzisa indawo yexesha elilodwa lokubuyisela.
Umfakeli unikeza ukhetho lokukhetha phakathi kweDebian kunye neFedora kwiitemplates zomatshini obonakalayo. - Kongezwe ujongano olutsha lomzobo ukulawula uhlaziyo.
- Isixhobo soMphathi weSifanekiso esongeziweyo ukufaka, ukususa kunye nokuhlaziya iitemplates.
- Indlela yokuhambisa itemplate ephuculweyo.
- Indawo yesiseko se-Dom0 yaphuculwa kwiphakheji yesiseko se-Fedora 32.
- Iitemplates zokuvelisa iimeko ezisingqongileyo zihlaziyiwe ukuya kwi-Fedora 34, Debian 11, kunye ne-Whonix 16.
- I-Linux kernel engagqibekanga yi-5.10. Ihlaziywe i-Xen 4.14 hypervisor kunye ne-Xfce 4.14 yendawo yomzobo.
- Ukuphunyezwa komlilo obhalwe ngokutsha.
- Iitemplates ezintathu ezintsha zokusingqongileyo ezisekwe kwiGentoo Linux ziyacetywa: encinci, kunye ne-Xfce kunye ne-GNOME.
Si ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngayo kolu guqulelo lutsha, unokufunda iinkcukacha kwi-Qubes OS 4.1 inqaku lokukhululwa kwi ikhonkco elandelayo.
Khuphela iQubes OS
Ukuba ufuna ukuzama le Qubes OS pUngayenza ngokukhuphela umfanekiso wenkqubo kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni kwaye kwicandelo lokukhuphela uya kuyifumana, ungayenza kwifayile ye- ukulandela ikhonkco.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba i-Qubes OS ayinakufakwa kuphela njengenkqubo yokusebenza ephambili, kodwa ikwabonelela ngamathuba okukwazi ukuyivavanya kuhlobo lwayo lwe-Live.