Iikhompyutha ezinkulu zisidlula kude isantya sokubala seekhompyuter zedesktop.
Nyaka ngamnye kwi Linux Adictos Siphinda upapasho loluhlu lweekhompyuter ezinkulu ezingama-500 emhlabeni. Kwaye ngaphakathi inqaku elidlulileyo Ndikuxelele ngeFrontier, okwangoku ingeyiyo kuphela ekhawulezayo emhlabeni kodwa ikwayeyona iqhuba kakuhle kwihlabathi.
Como isoloko inika umdla ukwazi ukuba sifike njani apha, masihambe nembali emfutshane yee-supercomputers.
Yintoni ikhompyutha enkulu?
Liqela elikwaziyo ukwenza izibalo ezinde nezintsonkothileyo ngesantya esikhulu. Ukusebenza kwe-supercomputer ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa kwimisebenzi yeendawo ezidadayo ngesekhondi (FLOPS) kunezigidi zemiyalelo ngesekhondi (MIPS).
Ii-supercomputers zisetyenziswa kwinkalo ebanzi yemisebenzi efuna usetyenziso olunzulu lokubala. ezinje nge-quantum mechanics, uqikelelo lwemozulu, uphando lwemozulu, uphononongo lwe-oyile nerhasi, umfuziselo wemolekyuli (ukubala ubume kunye neepropathi zemichiza yeekhompawundi, i-biological macromolecules, iipolima, kunye neekristale), kunye nokulinganisa kohlobo lwekhompyutha yethiyori yefiziksi. kwindalo iphela, i-aerodynamics yeenqwelomoya kunye ne-spacecraft, ukuchithwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokudibanisa kwenyukliya. Kwakhona ekudalweni kunye nokwaphulwa kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokufihla.
Imbali emfutshane yee-supercomputers
Ngo-1956, iqela kwiYunivesithi yaseManchester e-UK yaqala ukuphuhlisa i-MUSE. Usukelo lwakhe yayikukwenza ikhompyutha ekwazi ukusebenza ngesantya esikufutshane nesecond enye ngomyalelo, oko kukuthi, imiyalelo emalunga nesigidi ngomzuzwana.” Kungekudala emva koko, igama lalo msebenzi latshintshwa laba yiAtlas.
I-Atlas yokuqala yagunyaziswa ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 7, 1962, kwaye yaqwalaselwa ngexesha lokusungulwa kwayo njengeyona khompyutheni inamandla emhlabeni. I-Atlas iphayona ukusetyenziswa kwememori ebonakalayo kunye ne-paging njengendlela yokwandisa imemori yayo yokusebenza ngokudibanisa amagama ayo e-16 yememori eyintloko kunye namagama angaphezulu angama-384. imemori yebhetri yesibini.
Ikhompyuter yokuqala eyayivela kwinkampani yabucala yayisuka kwinkampani eyasekwa ngo-1957 liqela leenjineli zekhompyuter, kubandakanya uSeymour Cray, owayeza kuba ngomnye wabantu ababalaseleyo kolu shishino. Inkampani yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Control Data Corporation kwaye yavelisa ikhompyutha ebizwa ngokuba I-CDC 6000 eyayenziwe ngama-transistors angamakhulu amane amawaka, ikhulu leekhilomitha zocingo, inkqubo yokupholisa entsha kunye namandla erekhodi ekhompyuter ngexesha le-3 megaFLOPS.. Le khompyutha yavela ngo-1964
Imfihlelo yesantya seCDC 6600 yayingaphakathi amandla ayo okwabelana ngomsebenzi kunye neeperipherals ezivumela i-CPU ukuba izinikele kuphela ekuqhubeni idatha. Ulwimi lwenkqubo yaba yiFORTRAN.
Ngo-1968, uCray wavelisa iCDC 7600 ekwafumana iwonga leyona khompyuter ikhawulezayo kwihlabathi.. Ukuqhuba kwi-36 MHz, i-7600 yayine-3,6 amaxesha esantya sewashi ye-6600, kodwa ayizange ibe yimpumelelo yorhwebo njengoko kulindelwe. kwaye uCray wayishiya iCDC ngo-1972 ukuze aseke inkampani yakhe.
Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwakho, i-CDC ivelise i I-STAR-100 enesantya se-megaFLOPS ye-100, oko kukuthi kathathu isantya sangaphambili. kwaye wasebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-vector processing, oko kukuthi, i-CPU yenzelwe ukwenza izibalo ezininzi zemathematika ngaxeshanye.
Sele ekwinkampani yakhe, uSeymour Cray wavelisa iimodeli ezintathu
- UMTHANDAZO-1: Isusela kwi-1976 kwaye yayiyenye yee-supercomputers zokuqala ukusebenzisa iisekethe ezidibeneyo kwaye zasebenza ngesantya se-160 megaFLOPS.
- KHALA X-MP: Ivele ngo-1982 idibanisa iiprosesa ezi-4 kunye ne-memory bandwidth engaphezulu kwimodeli yangaphambili. Umthamo wayo wokubala yi-800 megaFLOPS.
- UMTHANDAZO-2: Le khomputha ye-1985 yayinokupholisa ulwelo kunye nesantya sokubala se-1,9 gigaFLOPS.
Njengabanye oovulindlela abaninzi, UCray akakwazanga ukubona utshintsho lweparadigm kwaye inkampani yakhe yafaka isicelo sokubhanga ngo-1995. Ngeli xesha, abakhuphisana nabo bamkele imodeli yangoku yecomputing ehambelanayo apho umsebenzi wahlulwe phakathi kweeprosesa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezinoxanduva lokuzisombulula ngaxeshanye.