Bakwazile ukukhupha isitshixo esisetyenziswe kwiiprosesa ze-Intel ukubethela uhlaziyo

Iqela labaphandi bezokhuseleko baseRussia likhutshiwe Kwiintsuku ezithile ezidlulileyo abakhuphe ngempumelelo isitshixo semfihlo ezisebenzisa iiprosesa Intel ukubethela uhlaziyo ngoncedo lokuxhaphaza olunokuba neziphumo eziphambili kwindlela iichips ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye nokuba zikhuselwe njani.

Ubuninzi goryachy nabaphandi NguDmitry Sklyarov noMark Ermolov ezivela kwiiTekhnoloji eziqinisekileyo, baxhaphaze ubungozi obukhulu ukuba u-Ermolov noGoryachy bafumaneka kwi-injini yolawulo ye-Intel ngo-2017.

Kananjalo, isiphako abasisebenzisayo kukuvumela ukufikelela kwi-microcode debugging, eya kuthi kamva isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokuhlaziya iiprosesa kwimeko yokuba sesichengeni okanye utshintsho kwinqanaba elisezantsi ekusebenzeni.

Isitshixo isetyenziselwe ukucacisa uhlaziyo lweemicrocode inikezwe yi-Intel ukulungisa ubungozi kwezokhuseleko kunye nezinye iintlobo zebugs.

Nangona kunjalo, unekopi efihliweyo yohlaziyo ingavumela imigewu injineli ebuyela umva kwaye ufunde ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuxhaphaza isiphoso esilungiswa ngohlaziyo.

Isitshixo naso inokuvumela abanye abantu ngaphandle kwe-Intel, Njengomhlaseli okanye nabani na onezixhobo ezifanelekileyo okanye ulwazi, nceda uhlaziye iichips nge-microcode yakho (nangona bekhankanya ukuba olu hlobo lwenkcubeko aluyi kuphila kwinkqubo yokuqalisa kwakhona).

Malunga nesigwebo

Kwakuyiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo xa abaphandi uGoryachy no-Ermolov ifumanise ukuba sesichengeni kokubaluleka kwe-Injini yoLawulo lwe-Intel, ikhonjiswe njenge-Intel SA-00086, ebavumela ukuba baqhube nayiphi na ikhowudi abayifunayo ngaphakathi kwe-Intel CPU exhomekeke kuyo.

Bayayichaza loo nto,i-Intel ikhuphe isicatshulwa ukulungisa i-bug, isenokuxhatshazwa, kuba ii-CPU zinokubuyiselwa kuhlobo lwangaphambili lwe-firmware ngaphandle kokulungiswa.

Kodwa bekude kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo (ekuqaleni konyaka) ukuba iqela lophando likwazile ukusebenzisa ubungozi Bafumanise ukuvula imo yenkonzo eyakhelwe kwiichips zeIntel ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Red Pill Chip" ezisetyenziswa ziinjineli zayo ukulungisa imicroode. UGoryachy, Ermolov, kunye noSklyarov kamva bathi isixhobo sabo sokufikelela kwi-Chip Red Pill debugger ngokubhekisele kwi-Matrix.

Ngokufikelela kwenye ye-Intel's Goldmont-based CPUs kwi-Chip Red Pill mode, abaphandi babenakho ukukhupha indawo ekhethekileyo yeROM ebizwa ngokuba yi-MSROM (Microcode ROM Sequencer).

Emva koko, umva uyile imicrocode kwaye emva kweenyanga zohlalutyo, Baye bakwazi ukukhupha isitshixo seRC4 isetyenziswe yi-Intel kwinkqubo yohlaziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abakwazanga ukufumanisa isitshixo sokutyikitya esisetyenziswe yi-Intel ukubonisa ubungqina bokuba ngaba uhlaziyo luyinyani okanye akunjalo.

Bakhankanya ukuba:

"Ingxaki echaziweyo ayibonisi ukubonakaliswa kukhuseleko lwabathengi, kwaye asixhomekeki ekufumanekeni kolwazi ngasemva kokuvulwa okubomvu njengenyathelo lokhuseleko. Ukongeza kunciphiso lwe-INTEL-SA-00086, ii-OEMs ezilandela isikhokelo sokwenza i-Intel ziye zanciphisa amandla okuvula akhethekileyo e-OEM afunekayo kolu phando. Isitshixo sangasese esisetyenziselwa ukungqinisisa i-microcode asihlali kwisilicon, kwaye umhlaseli akanakulayisha indawo engagunyaziswanga kwinkqubo ekude '.

Kukho umbono ongaqondakaliyo wokuba ii-CPU zale mihla ubukhulu becala zisetelwe kumzi-mveliso kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziya kufumana umda wokulinganiselwa kwimilinganiselo ye-microcode yezona bugs zibalaseleyo, utshilo uKenn White, umlawuli wezokhuseleko kwimveliso eMongoDB. "Kodwa okoko kuyinyani (kwaye ubukhulu becala ayisiyiyo), kunqongophele kakhulu kwimida enokwenziwa yinjineli ngezitshixo zobukumkani zeso silicon."

Kananjalo, abaphandi bayakubona ukufakwa kwesilivere. ukuthatha ithuba lesiphene, njengoko kunokuba yindlela kwabo bafuna ukuyinyusa i-CPU yabo (ngendlela efanayo neyabantu abaphule i-jailbroken okanye i-iPhone kunye ne-Android izixhobo okanye batyhoboza i-PlayStation 3 yekhonsoli ka-Sony) ukuze bakwazi ukongeza okanye vula ezinye zeempawu, kuba umzekelo unereferensi yamakhonkco athintelweyo kuthotho lweeprosesa.

Umthombo: https://arstechnica.com