kutshanje i IETF (I-Internet Engineering Task Force), ephuhlisa iiprothokholi kunye noyilo lwe-Intanethi, yazise iindaba zokuba igqibe ukusekwa kwe-RFC ye-HTTP/3.0 protocol kwaye yapapasha iinkcukacha eziyeleleneyo phantsi kwezazisi i-RFC 9114 kunye ne-RFC 9204.
Inkcazo yeHTTP/3.0 ifumene iwonga "eSicetywayo soMgangatho", emva koko umsebenzi uya kuqalisa ukunika i-RFC ubume bomgangatho oyilwayo (uMgangatho oYilwayo), okunene kuthetha ukuzinziswa okupheleleyo kweprotocol kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo zonke izimvo ezenziweyo.
Inkqubo I-HTTP/3 ichaza ukusetyenziswa kweprotocol ye-QUIC (UQhagamshelwano lwe-Intanethi lwe-UDP oluKhawulezayo) njengothutho lwe-HTTP/2. I-QUIC yiplagin kwi-protocol ye-UDP exhasa ukuphindaphinda koqhagamshelwano oluninzi kwaye ibonelele ngeendlela zofihlo ezilingana ne-TLS/SSL.
Iprotocol yenziwe ngo-2013 nguGoogle njengenye indlela ye-TCP + TLS yeWebhu, ukuxazulula ingxaki yokuseta uxhulumaniso olude kunye nexesha lokuxoxisana kwi-TCP kunye nokuphelisa ukulibaziseka ngenxa yokulahleka kwepakethi ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwedatha.
Okwangoku, I-QUIC kunye ne-HTTP/3.0 inkxaso sele iphunyeziwe kuzo zonke iiphequluli iiwebhusayithi ezidumileyo. Kwicala lomncedisi, ukuphunyezwa kweHTTP/3 kuyafumaneka kwi nginx (kwisebe elahlukileyo kwaye njengemodyuli eyahlukileyo), Caddy , IIS kunye neLiteSpeed. I-HTTP/3 ikwaxhaswa yiNethiwekhi yokuhanjiswa kweMixholo ye-Cloudflare.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-QUIC:
- Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, olufana ne-TLS (enyanisweni, i-QUIC ibonelela ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa i-TLS ngaphezulu kwe-UDP)
- Ugqithiso lwemfezeko ulawulo ukuthintela ilahleko ipakethe
- Ukukwazi ukuseka uxhulumaniso ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulibaziseka okuncinci phakathi kokuthumela isicelo kunye nokufumana impendulo (RTT, ixesha lokujikeleza)
- Sebenzisa inombolo yolandelelwano eyahlukileyo xa uthumela ipakethi kwakhona, ekuvumela ukuba uphephe ukungaqondakali xa umisela iipakethi ezifunyenweyo kwaye ulahle ixesha lokuphuma.
- Ukuphulukana nepakethi kuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa komjelo kuphela onxulumene nawo kwaye akuyeki ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kwimilambo edluliselwe ngokudibeneyo kunxibelelwano lwangoku
- Izixhobo zokulungisa iimpazamo ezinciphisa ukulibaziseka ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwakhona kweepakethi ezilahlekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhowudi zokulungisa iimpazamo zepakethe ezikhethekileyo zokunciphisa iimeko ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kwakhona kwedatha yepakethe elahlekileyo.
- Imida yebhlokhi ye-Cryptographic ihambelana nemida yepakethe ye-QUIC, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokulahleka kwepakethi ekuchazeni umxholo weepakethi ezilandelayo.
- Akukho ngxaki ekuthinteleni umgca we-TCP
- Inkxaso yokuchongwa koQhagamshelwano ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphinda uqhagamshele kubathengi beselula
- Ukubanakho kokudibanisa iindlela eziphambili zolawulo lokulayishwa koqhagamshelwano
- Sebenzisa ubuchule bokuqikelela i-bandwidth kwicala ngalinye ukuqinisekisa amaxabiso afanelekileyo okuhambisa ipakethe, ukuphepha iimeko zokuxinana apho iipakethi zilahlekile.
- Ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza ngaphezu kwe-TCP. Kwiinkonzo zevidiyo ezifana ne-YouTube, i-QUIC ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwevidiyo nge-30%.
Ukongeza koku, kwangaxeshanye, kwapapashwa iinguqulelo ezihlaziyiweyo zemigaqo ye-HTTP/1.1 (RFC 9112) kunye ne-HTTP/2.0 (RFC 9113), kunye namaxwebhu achaza i-semantics yezicelo ze-HTTP (RFC). 9110) kunye neeheader zolawulo lwe-caching (RFC 9111).
Ngotshintsho kwi iinkcukacha HTTP/1.1, unokuqaphela ukuvinjelwa ukusuka kusetyenziso olwahlukileyo lophawu lokubuya kwekhareji (CR) ngaphandle komzimba kunye nomxholo, o.t. kwizinto zeprotocol, uphawu lweCR lunokusetyenziswa kuphela kunye nombhalo omtsha welayini (CRLF).
El I-algorithm yoyilo lwesicelo se-chunked iphuculwe ukwenza lula ukwahlulwa kwamasimi aqhotyoshelweyo kunye namacandelo aneentloko. Izikhokelo ezongeziweyo zokusingatha umxholo ongaqondakaliyo ukuvimba uhlaselo lweklasi "lwe-HTTP lwesicelo sokurhweba" ezinokungena kumxholo wezicelo zabanye abasebenzisi ekuhambeni phakathi kwe-frontend kunye ne-backend.
Uhlaziyo kwinkcukacha I-HTTP/2.0 ichaza ngokucacileyo inkxaso ye-TLS 1.3, iskim sokubeka phambili esilahlisiweyo kunye nemimandla engasentla enxulumene nendlela yokuhlaziya uqhagamshelo oluyehliweyo lwe-HTTP/1.1 luyekisiwe.
Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokwazi ngakumbi ngayo, ungajongana neenkcukacha kwi ukulandela ikhonkco.