I-GnuPG: Indlela yokubhala ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nokuCacisa iifayile

Ngamaxesha asebenza nokuba semngciphekweni okuninzi kuzo zombini iisoftware kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha apho ezi ngxaki zinokuxhatshazwa khona ukufikelela kude kude koomatshini abathile kwaye nokwenza inyuko elikude okanye lendawo kumatshini wexhoba, kubalulekile ukwenza konke okufunekayo iinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye neeprotocol esiyaziyo okanye esinayo ukugcina idatha yethu ikhuselekile. Kwaye ukuba usebenza ngedatha ebuthathaka okanye unenkampani abathengi bayo ikunika ulwazi, nesizathu ngakumbi.

Sele siphindaphinde ngokusebenza kunye nokungenzi nto ukuba kufuneka ugcine inkqubo ihlaziywa, thintela ukuba kwi-intanethi xa kunokwenzeka, eyona datha ibuthathaka kufuneka igcinwe kwisixhobo esigciniweyo sendawo yokugcina, ukuthintela ukuba ulwazi luhlale lukhona kumatshini inokuba sesichengeni, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ihlala isenza i-backups rhoqo. Ngaphandle koko, Ndikucebisa ukuba ubhale umxholo weefayile zakho okanye wenze ukubethela okupheleleyo kwezahlulelo zakho ukuze idatha ingafikeleleki ngaphandle kwephasiwedi ukuyicacisa, nokuba unokufikelela kumatshini ...

Yintoni ukubethela?

Kwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi kunye nezifundo ziya kulifumana igama Guqula ngokufihlisa kwaye uguqule ngokufihla ukubhekisa kubhalo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokususa ukubethela idatha yekhompyuter. Kodwa, ukuba ubungazi, ndiza kuyithetha kuwe, le migaqo inempikiswano, nangona kubonakala ngathi yamkelwe kwaye isasazekile ngenxa yokuqheleka kwabo, nkqu nakwiingcali zecandelo. Isiphithiphithi sivela kwi-cryptography okanye inzululwazi yokufihla, kwaye ngakumbi kwigama lesiNgesi elithi "encrypt" elivela kwi-neologism ngqo ethathwe kwi-krypto yesiGrike, kwaye iguqulelwe ngqo kwi-Spanish njenge-encrypt.

Endaweni yoko, ngeSpanish ubonakala ngathi uthi "beka into ekhompyutheni" "thatha into kwi-crypt. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sihlalutya isiGrike apho konke oku kuvela khona, okuthi "krypto" kuthetha ukufihla. Nangona kunjalo, ungalisebenzisa igama olithanda kakhulu ... enyanisweni iRAE igqibile ukuyamkela njenge Nantso ngokufihlisa. Ngokwam, ndikhetha ukungazinikeli ngqalelo kakhulu kwezi zilungiso kwaye ndikhetha ukusebenzisa zombini ngokufanayo kwaye ndishiye "isayensi okanye ubugcisa bokufihla" kwi-steganography njengegama elibanzi.

Isiphelo, xa sithetha ukubethela okanye ukubethela idatha okanye imiyalezo sibhekisa kwinkqubo yokuguqula ulwazi ukuyikhusela ngandlela thile. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokutshintsha kweempawu okanye ialgorithm ukuze ulwazi olubuthathaka luguqulwe lube ngumtya ongenantsingiselo woonobumba, amanani kunye neesimboli. Ngelixa inkqubo yokuchithwa okanye yokuchithwa yinkqubo ebuyela umva, apho olo lwazi lungamampunge luguqulwa lube yinto eqondakalayo kumatshini okanye ebantwini.

Umlando omncinci

Obu bugcisa bokwenza kube nzima kubantu besithathu ngokuguqula ulwazi ayisiyonto intshaYenzelwe amawaka eminyaka, ngakumbi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2500 100 eyadlulayo. Ukusuka kuma-Egypt abesebenzisa ii-hieroglyphs ukuya kumaxesha e-Imperial Roma kunye nekhowudi ka-Kesare, ebizwa njalo kuba uJulius Caesar (44 BC - XNUMX BC) wayisebenzisa ukubethela imiyalezo awayeyithumela kwimikhosi yakhe ukuze xa le miyalezo iwela ezandleni zotshaba, Abazange baqonde kwaye abazange bafumane inzuzo yempi kubo.

Kumaxesha anamhlanje sikwanomzekelo umatshini wenazi enigma, elalisebenzisa uthotho lweesilinda ukufaka okanye ukubethela ulwazi olwaludluliselwa ngabaphathi-mikhosi baseJamani ukuze ngaloo ndlela luthintele iintshaba ekubeni zazi iintshukumo ezaziza kwenziwa ngamajoni kaHitler. Ngapha koko, yayiyile miyalezo ifihliweyo eyaphembelela ikhompyuter e-United States naseNgilani, njengoko oomatshini bokuqala beekhompyuter bayilelwa ukuzama ukucacisa le miyalezo inzima.

Njengoko usazi, kukho ezininzi Iindidi zokubethela, ezinje nge symmetric kunye ne-asymmetric, kwaye uza kubona ukuba iGnuGP okanye i-GPG inokusebenza njani kwezi ndlela zombini:

• Ukubethela okulinganayo-Xa isitshixo esinye sisetyenziselwa ukubethela kunye nokususa ukuguqulela imiyalezo, iifayile, njl. Ngaphakathi kolu hlobo lokubethela singafumana kwaye sisebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala ngokufihlakeleyo ezinje nge-AES, DES, 3DES, njl.
• Ukubhalwa kwe-Asymmetric: kule meko kusetyenziswa amaqhosha amabini, elinye loluntu kunye nelinye labucala. Uluntu lusetyenziselwa ukubethela kunye nokufihla ukubucala. Ngaphakathi kolu hlobo lokubethela sinezinto ezahlukeneyo zokubhala ngokufihlakeleyo, ezinje ngeRSA, i-ElGramal, njl.

Isitshixo into ephumeleleyo kukuba ngokusebenzisa le algorithm, ulwazi luyaguqulwa kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane ngaphandle kokuchaza isitshixo sokuyicacisa ...

Imvelaphi: PGP

Uninzi ludibanisa i-PGP kunye ne-GPG kwaye ayifani. I-PGP imele ubumfihlo obuLungileyo kwaye ichaza inkqubo ephuhliswe nguPhil Zimmermann ukubethela, ukubethela nokusayina idatha ukuyikhusela. Kwavela ngo-1991 kwaye yayiyinkqubo eyaziwayo edibanisa ubuchule bokubhala ngokulinganayo kunye ne-asymmetric ukukhusela ulwazi.

Kodwa i-PGP yayisisoftware enengxaki ethile ngenxa yelayisensi yezinye ii-algorithms, zazingavuleki kwaye kwi-PGP Inc. babekhathazekile malunga nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi elibenza bathathe olunye ulwalathiso. UZimmermann waqonda ukuba umgangatho wasimahla we-PGP ubalulekile ngenxa yokubaluleka kwe-PGP ngelo xesha, ke bacebisa umgangatho obiziweyo. OpenPGP, into eya kuba yintsholongwane ye-GPG.

Yintoni iGPG?

I-GnuPG okanye i-GPG (i-GNU yoLondolozo lwaBucala) sisoftware ephuhliswe yi-FSF (iFree Software Foundation) yokuphumeza inkqubo yokuhambelana kwe-OpenPGP. Ngale nto ungabhala ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye ubhale ngokufihlakeleyo imiyalezo ebhaliweyo, iifayile, kwaye wenze imisayino yedijithali ukukhusela umxholo esiwuthumela nge-imeyile okanye nayiphi na enye inkonzo yenethiwekhi. Kwakhona, i-GPG isimahla kwaye isimahla phantsi kwelayisensi ye-GPL.

Ungasebenza kwiConsole okanye kwisiphelo sendlela ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo okanye kukho ezinye ii-GUI ezinokufakwa okanye iinkqubo ezinokunceda ukusebenza nge-GPG kodwa zisuka kwimo enobuntu enobuntu nenomdla kwabo bangayithandiyo iqokobhe kakhulu kwaye bakhetha ukuyenza kwimeko-bume yedesktop. Ezinye zeenkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo zivakala ziqhelekile kuwe, kuba zithandwa kakhulu kwi-Linux distros, njengokuba kunjalo Seahorse.

Isifundo seGnuPG:

Njengoko ndisitsho ayisiyiyo kuphela enye indlela esinayo kwi-distro yethu ukuguqulela nokubethela, kuba zininzi ezinye izinto ezingaphaya kwe-GPG, njenge-OpenPGP uqobo. Ngapha koko sele sizinikezele ezinye izihloko kwezinye iindlela ezinje nge ii-ecryptfs ukufihla abalawuli kunye nezahlulo, i-cryptmount, uthuthu, njl. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa i-GPG ngayo nayiphi na i-GUIs ekhoyo, ukhululekile ukwenza njalo, kodwa apha ndiza kuchaza inkqubo yokufihla ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufihla iifayile usebenzisa imiyalelo evela kwi-terminal.

Bethela iifayile ngeGPG:

Ukufihla iifayile nge-GPG ukusuka kwikhonsoli ye-GNU / Linux distro yakho, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile ufake i-GPG Kwi-distro yakho, ngenxa yoku ungasebenzisa nasiphi na isixhobo solawulo lwephakeji ukusukela oko ukubakho kwesi sixhobo kwenza ukuba kufumaneke kuzo zonke iindawo zokugcina. Umzekelo, kwi-Debian kunye nakwiziphumo onokuzama ngazo:

sudo apt-get install gnupg2

Wakuba uyifakile ungaqala ukuyisebenzisa. Umzekelo, khawufane ucinge ukuba unefayile yokubhaliweyo ofuna ukuyifihla. Sizakuyibiza le fayile bucala.txt apho ndizakufaka umbhalo LinuxAdictos.com kunye ukuyifihla:

gpg -c privado.txt

Kwaye ngoku Siza kuba nayo ngokufihliweyo emva kokungena kwigama lokugqitha Oko kuyakusibuza, oko kukuthi, isitshixo sokubethela (siyasibuza kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba asenzanga mpazamo xa siyichwetheza, kuba ukuba ubeka esinye isitshixo kwaye awusikhumbuli okanye udideke, awuyi ukwazi ukuyicacisa). iliso! Lumka kuba ifayile ebhaliweyo ayizukubizwa ngokuba yi-private.txt, kodwa isongezelelo se-.gg songezwa ukwahlulahlula kwenye, ke musa ukudideka xa uthumela ifayile yokuqala, kuba ayizukukhuselwa ...

Susa iifayile ngeGPG:

Ngoku, ungayicima eyokuqala ukuba uyafuna kwaye ushiye ifayile yabucala.txt.gpg ebonakala ifihliwe kwaye awunakuwuqonda kwaphela umyalezo esiwufakileyo ngaphakathi kuwo, okhumbula ukuba ligama lale bhlog. Kulungile ukuba siyafuna ushenxise umyalezo kunye nokubuyisa ifayile yethu efundekayo neqondakalayo ngabantu, kuyakwanela kuthi ukukhumbula iphasiwedi esiyibeke ngaphambili xa isicela emva kokwenza lo mthetho ulandelayo:

gpg privado.txt.gpg

Kwaye ngoku emva ngenisa igama lokugqithisa Siza kuba nefayile kwakhona njengakwi-encryption yayo. Ngendlela, njengoko ubona kwiscreen endisenzileyo, kunokubonwa ukuba inkqubo ye-GPG isebenzise i-AES128 encryption algorithm ngokungagqibekanga, kuba khange sichaze enye indlela xa sibethela ifayile. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuguqula uhlobo lwealgorithm unokukhetha -Cypher-into ilandelwe luhlobo lwealgorithm oyifunayo phakathi kwezo zixhaswa yi-GPG (ungabona ulwazi oluthe kratya kwi-man gpg). Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukwazi ii-algorithms ezixhaswayo, ungazibona nge:

gpg --version

Kwaye i Uluhlu lwealgorithm kunye nolwazi malunga nohlobo lweGPG, njl.

Ungalibali ukuhamba Izimvo zakho, imibuzo kunye neengcebiso ... Ndiyathemba ukuba le khokelo iya kuba luncedo olukhulu kuwe.