Ushicilelo lwama-54 lwe-TOP 500 lupapashiwe kwaye iLinux iyaqhubeka nokulawula ezona khompyuter zinamandla emhlabeni

Ushicilelo olutsha lodidi lweekhompyuter ezingama-500 eziqhuba kakuhle lupapashiwe emhlabeni, olu lushicilelo lwama-54. Ngaphandle kwalonto ukuyaKwangelo xesha, ingxelo entsha ye isiqinisekiso esisesinyekwiGrafu 500 yeenkqubo ezisebenzisanayo, yenzelwe ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweqonga leekhompyuter ezinxulumene nokulinganisa kweenkqubo zomzimba kunye nemisebenzi yokuqhubekeka kweeseti zedatha enkulu ehambelana nezo nkqubo. Ukulinganiswa kweGreen500 akusasebenzi kukhutshwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye kudityaniswe neTop500.

Ngokumalunga nohlelo olutsha lwe-TOP 500 Singafumanisa ukuba iinkokheli ezilishumi eziphezulu azitshintshanga ukusukela, kwindawo yokuqalakuluhlu, I-IBM izibeka ngokwazo kunye neqela leNgqungquthela KwiLebhu yeSizwe yase-Oak Ridge (e-USA). Iqela iqhuba iRed Hat Enterprise Linux kwaye inezigidi ezi-2,4 zezigidi iprosesa (kusetyenziswa i-9-core IBM Power22 3.07C 22GHz CPUs kunye ne-NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), ukubonelela nge-148 petaflops ukusebenza.

Ngelixa le- Indawo yesibini ithathwa liqela laseMelika iSierra, efakwe yi-IBM kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseLivermore esekwe kwiqonga elifana neNtlanganiso kwaye ibonisa ukusebenza kwinqanaba lama-petaflops angama-94 (malunga ne-1,5 yezigidi).

Okwesithathu, kukho isiqhulo saseTshayina iSunway TaihuLight, Esebenza kwiziko leekhompyuter likazwelonke lase China, elibandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-10 yezigidi zeebhola kwaye zibonisa ukusebenza kwee-petaflops ezingama-93. Ngaphandle kokusebenza ngokusondeleyo, iqela laseSierra lisebenzisa isiqingatha samandla eSunway TaihuLight.

Okwesine liqela laseTshayina iTianhe-2A, ebandakanya phantse ii-cores ezizigidi ezi-5 kwaye ibonisa ukusebenza kwee-petaflops ezingama-61.

Iqela leFrontera, elenziwe nguDell kwiziko lekhompyuter laseTexas, likwindawo yesihlanu kuluhlu. Iqela liqhuba i-CentOS Linux 7 kwaye libandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-448 Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz-cores-based. Ubungakanani be-RAM iyonke yi-1.5 PB, kwaye ukusebenza kufikelela kwii-petaflops ezingama-23, ezingaphantsi kwamaxesha ama-6 kunenkokheli kwinqanaba.

Malunga nokuhanjiswa kwenani leekhompyuter kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kolu hlelo lutsha, zisasazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• I-China: 228 (Kwiinyanga ezingama-219 - ezintandathu ezidlulileyo). Lilonke, bavelisa i-31.9% yayo yonke imveliso (isiqingatha sonyaka odlulileyo - 29.9%).
• IUnited States: i-117 Izimvo eziyi-116. Imveliso iyonke iqikelelwa kuma-37.8% (isiqingatha sonyaka odlulileyo - 38.4%).
• IJapan: 29 (iyaqhubeka nenani elifanayo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo)
• EFransi: 18 (19).
• EJamani: 16 (14).
• ENetherlands: 15 (13).
• I-Ireland: 14 (13).
• IGreat Britain: 11 (18).
• ECanada 9 (8).
• ElamaTaliyane: 5 (iyaqhubeka ngenani elifanayo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo).
• ISingapore 4 (5).
• Ostreliya, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Russia: 3.

Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwenani labasebenzisi beekhompyuter kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kulandelayo: Iikhomputha ezingama-274 ziseAsia (iinyanga ezingama-267 ezintandathu ezidlulileyo), ezili-129 eMelika (127) nama-94 eYurophu (98), ezi-3 e-Oceania.

Kuhlelo lweendlela zokusebenza ezisetyenzisiweyo Kwiikhompyuter ezinkulu, iLinux iyaqhubeka nokulawula kwi-TOP 500.

Ukuhanjiswa kulwabiwo lweLinux:

• I-49.6% ayichazi ukusasazwa,
• Iipesenti ezingama-26.4 zisebenzisa i-CentOS.
• I-6.8% yeCray Linux.
• 4.8%RHEL.
• I-3% SUSE.
• 2% Ubuntu.
• I-0.4% yeNzululwazi yeLinux.

Ubuncinci bomyinge wentsebenzo ukungena kwi-Top500 kwiinyanga ezi-6 inyuke ukusuka kwi-1022 ukuya kwi-1142 teraflops (Kunyaka ophelileyo ngamaqela angama-272 kuphela abonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunee-petaflops, i-138 kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, i-94 94 kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo).

Itotali yokuphuma kwazo zonke iinkqubo kuhlelo lonyaka inyuke ukusuka kwi-1.559 ukuya kwi-1.650 exaflops (kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo bekukho ii-petaflops ezingama-566). Inkqubo evala ireyithingi yangoku yayiyi-397th kunikezelo oludlulileyo kunye nama-311 kunyaka ophelileyo.

Ii-CPU eziphambili zii-Intel CPUs: 94% (Kwisiqingatha sonyaka esidlulileyo ibiyi-95.6%), IBM Power: 2.8% (2.6%) kwindawo yesibini, i-AMD 0.6% (0.4%) kwindawo yesithathu, 0.6% kwindawo yesine i-SPARC64 (0,8%).

I-35.6% (isiqingatha sonyaka odlulileyo i-33.2%) yazo zonke iiprosesa ezisetyenzisiweyo zinama-20 cores, 13.8% (16.8%) -16 cores, 11.2% (11.2%) - 12 cores, 11% (11.2%) - 18 cores, 7.8% (7%) -14 cores.

Iiseti ezili-144 zama-500 (Isiqingatha sonyaka odlulileyo - 133) bakwasebenzisa ii-accelerators okanye ii-coprocessorsngexesha Iinkqubo ezili-135 zisebenzisa iichips ze-NVIDIA (Kwisiqingatha sonyaka esidlulileyo bekukho i-125), i-5 isebenzisa i-Intel Xeon Phi (5), i-1 PEZY (1), izisombululo ezi-1 ezisetyenzisiweyo (yayingu-1), kwi-1 - Matrix-2000 (1), kwi-1 AMD Vega I-GPU (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo, akukho zikhawulezisi ze-AMD zisetyenzisiweyo).

Phakathi kwabavelisi beqela, uLenovo ubekwe kwindawo yokuqala: 34.8% (34.6% kunyaka ophelileyo), i-Sugon 14.2% (12.6%) ikwindawo yesibini, i-Inspur iwele kwindawo yesithathu- 13.2% (14.2%), iHewlett ikwindawo yesine yePackard - 7% (8%) kunye ne7% ( 7.8%), kulandele i-Atos-4.6%, IBM 2.6 (2.4%), iFujitsu 2.6% (2.6%), iPenguin Computing - 2.2% (1.8%), iDell EMC 2.2% (3%), iHuawei 2% (1.4 %), I-NVIDIA 1.2%. Iminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ukuhanjiswa phakathi kwabavelisi kwaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2%, kunye SGI 3.8%.

Umthombo: https://www.top500.org/