Unikezelo lweLinux ezintathu ngaphandle kwe-systemd

Ihlabathi le-Linux (okanye i-GNU/Linux) lizele ziingxoxo ezishushu phakathi kwabaphuhlisi, amaxesha amaninzi nakwabo banolwazi oluthe kratya kunolo lwabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, abaqondi. Enye yazo yayikwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo ngokudityaniswa kwe-systemd.

Ewe kunjalo, ngenxa yeempawu zesoftware yasimahla kunye nevulelekileyo, ukuba ungumphuhlisi, unokuhlala ufoxa iprojekthi ngokususa izinto ongawathandiyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kule posi siza kudwelisa ukuhanjiswa kweLinux ezintathu ngaphandle kwe-systemd.

yintoni inkqubo

Ewe kunjalo, ukwazi ukuba ungafaka okanye ungafakeli unikezelo ngaphandle kwe-systemd, Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyazi ukuba yintoni i-systemd.. Masiqale sichaze ingqikelelo yangaphambili.

Kumxholo we-daemon computing (Inguqulelo yoqobo yeedemon) yinkonzo esebenza ngasemva kuqalo lwesixokelelwano okanye ungene. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezisetyenziswa zezinye izicelo ezifana noshicilelo loxwebhu okanye isandi sokudlala.

I-systemd luluhlu lweedaemon ezisetyenziswa lunikezelo oluninzi lwe Linux ukuqala inkqubo. Ukongeza ekulawuleni ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ekufuneka ziqhutywe ekuqaleni kwenkqubo, igcina umkhondo womsebenzi wenkqubo, iphatha ukungena komsebenzisi, iqhuba imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo. ijongene nomhla, indawo, ukugcina uluhlu lwabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kunye nezikhongozeli eziqhubayo kunye noomatshini ababonakalayo, ukulawula ii-akhawunti zenkqubo, ii-directory kunye nokucwangciswa kwexesha lokusebenza kunye needemons zokulawula ukucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi elula, inethiwekhi yokuvumelanisa ixesha lokuhamba, ukuhanjiswa kwelogi, kunye nesisombululo samagama.

Singashwankathela indima ye-systemd ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Xa uvula ikhompyutha, i-BIOS yenza ukuqaliswa kwe-hardware.
2. Umlayishi wesiqalo uncama ulawulo kwi Linux kernel.
3. I-kernel ilayisha idiski yokuqala ye-RAM elayisha inkqubo yokuqhuba kwaye emva koko ijonge inkqubo yefayile yeengcambu.
4. i-systemd ithatha ulawulo ngokunyusela isixokelelwano sefayile kunye nokuqalisa iinkonzo eziyimfuneko.

Ngubani onokuba nengxaki ngesixhobo esiluncedo ngolo hlobo?

Ngokomgaqo, ezininzi izigxeko zivela kwiingxaki zomntu phakathi kwabadali kunye nabagxeki. Kodwa, kukwakho nemiba yobugcisa efana nobunzima obugqithisileyo beprojekthi.  I-systemd yenza izinto ezininzi kakhulu kwaye ithatha indawo eninzi apho kude kube ngoku isiqhelo yayilula kwaye igxininise izixhobo, eziqinisekisa ukuzinza kwayo. Ngapha koko, ifilosofi yeUNIX, apho iLinux yayisekelwe khona, ibambe ukuba isixhobo ngasinye kufuneka senze into enye kwaye siyenze kakuhle.

Unikezelo lweLinux ngaphandle kwenkqubo

UDevuan

Con olusasazo ngokusekelwe kwiDebian ndinembali encinci. Ngaphaya kwemiba yobuchwephesha, bendinomdla kwisindululo sakho sokungenzi izimvo ezingalunganga ngakuluphi na usasazo. Kuyaziwa ukuba amalungu amaninzi oluntu lwaseDebian athambekele ekwenzeni amagqabantshintshi angalunganga ngaku-Ubuntu. Andizange ndibe nombono ongcono kunokuba ndicebise ku-Ubuntu umsebenzisi-umphuhlisi woluhlu lokuposa olusekwe kwi-Devuan. Khange ndiyithathele ngqalelo into yokuba uninzi lwabaphuhlisi be-Ubuntu ngabaphuhlisi beDebian. Ngaphandle kweShuttleworth, ndicinga ukuba akukho mntu wayeshiyeke engakhange andithuke.

I-Devuan isekwe kuguqulelo oluzinzileyo lweDebian kwaye isivumela ukuba sikhethe phakathi kwe-3 enye indlela kwi-systemd. Inamandla afanayo edesktop njengeprojekthi yomthombo kwaye iyafumaneka kwiifomathi ezilandelayo kunye nolwakhiwo:

i386 kunye ne-amd64

• Live umfanekiso wedesktop.
• Isifakeli seNethiwekhi.
• Idesktop yedvd (Yofakelo ngaphandle kwe-Intanethi).
• Umncedisi
• Idesktop encinci.

amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386 kunye ppc64el

• Isifakeli seNethiwekhi.

I-Nitrux

olunye usasazo isekwe kwiDebian kwaye ngaphandle kwe-systemd iza nedesktop ye KDE enemaleko zokwenza okukokwayo. Isebenzisa ifomati yephakheji ye-Appimage yofakelo lweprogram kwaye ibandakanya kuphela i-100% yezicelo zamahhala.s

Iza kwiinguqulelo ezimbini. Iyigqiba ngedesktop eyenzelwe umntu kwaye ubuncinci ngaphandle kokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.

I-Linux engekho

Olu kusasazon akusekelwe kuyo nayiphi na enye. Isebenzisa umphathi wayo wephakheji ebhalwe ukusuka ekuqaleni ngabaphuhlisi bayo kwaye inikezela ngamaxwebhu aneenkcukacha. ukukwazi ukuqwalasela ufakelo ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Iyafumaneka kwi-x86_64, i686, iiarrchitectures zengalo, kunye namaqonga engalo.