Oko wazalwa I-Linux njengekernel, bekukho impikiswano, kuthiwa Linus Torvalds Wayengaqinisekanga ngokunikezela ngekernel yakhe, ekugqibeleni wayenza, kodwa hayi kuba egqibile ukuziqinisekisa ngombono UStallman kodwa ukufumana ingxelo engcono kwaye, ndicinga ukuba, ukusebenzisa ithuba le Iprojekthi yeGNU.
Ndicinga ukuba sele ikweso sigqibo Iinjongo Sele sibonile amaqela amabini ngaphakathi kweLinux, zombini zisondele kwaye zichaseneyo, kunye nenkululeko ngokuchasene ne-conservatism, enjengobusoshiyali xa kuthelekiswa nobungxowankulu. Ndithetha ngomthombo ovulekileyo (umthombo ovulekileyo) kunye nesoftware yasimahla.
Ngaba zazingafani?
Ndiyaxolisa ukukuxelela ukuba hayi, azifani kwaye ngaphakathi LXA! Siza kukubonisa ukuba yintoni umahluko:
Yintoni isoftware yasimahla?
Yiflank yabantu baka GNU kwaye, ke, URichard Stallman. Bathi i isoftware kufuneka ibe simahla rhoqoBanethemba lokuba ngenye imini zonke iisoftware ziya kuba simahla kwaye zifuna ukuba abalandeli babo basebenzise kuphela isoftware yasimahla kwaye abavumeli ukubonelelwa kwesoftware yobunini. Amaphepha-mvume avunywe yiFree Software Foundation awavumeli ikhowudi yesoftware ukuba iphinde ivalwe.
Ingxelo yabo yemigaqo (bayibiza ngokuba yinkululeko) zezi zilandelayo:
- Qalisa inkqubo kuyo nayiphi na injongo
- Funda kwaye uguqule inkqubo
- Khuphela le nkqubo ukuze uncede ummelwane okanye nabani na
- Phucula inkqubo kwaye upapashe ukuphuculwa
Iilayisensi ezihlangabezana nezi mbono zezi:
- Ilayisensi kawonkewonke yeGNU (iphepha-mvume lesoftware yasimahla ngokugqwesa)
- I-GNU iLayisensi kaRhulumente eNcinci (ilayisensi enokuthi idityaniswe kumathala eencwadi avaliweyo)
- I-GNU Affero Iphepha-mvume loLuntu Jikelele (ilayisensi eyilelwe usetyenziso olusekwe kwiwebhu kodwa ayithandwa kakhulu kwaye ndisazama ukuyiqonda.
- Ilayisensi yamaxwebhu asimahla ye-GNU (Ilayisensi yamaxwebhu asimahla, inokusetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo kwibhlog kwaye yile isetyenziswa yiWikipedia).
Ke yintoni uMthombo ovulekileyo?
Abantu abathanda imithombo evulekileyo banomdla ngakumbi kunengcinga, ukuba izimvo zesoftware yasimahla zisondele kuStallman, zezona zikufutshane neLinus Torvalds, Abakhathali ukuba yonke isoftware emhlabeni isimahla Endaweni yoko, bakholelwa ekubeni kuya kuba ngcono ukuba nekhowudi yemvelaphi ukuyiguqula ngokuthanda kwabo. Baqokelelwe kwi-Open Source Initiative (OSI).
Bakholelwa kwimigaqo eli-10:
- Ukwabiwa simahla: Isoftware kufuneka inikezelwe ngokukhululekileyo okanye ithengiswe.
- Ikhowudi yonikezoIkhowudi yemvelaphi kufuneka ibandakanywe okanye ifunyenwe simahla.
- Imisebenzi evela kwezinyeUlwabiwo ngokutsha lweenguqulelo kufuneka luvunyelwe.
- Ukunyaniseka kwekhowudi yomthombo yombhali-Iphepha-mvume linokufuna uhlengahlengiso ukuba lusasazwe kwakhona njengeepatches.
- Akukho lucalucalulo lwabantu okanye amaqela: akekho umntu onoshiyeka.
- Akukho lucalucalulo lweendawo zokuqalaAbasebenzisi beshishini abanakubekelwa bucala.
- Ukuhanjiswa kwelayisensi-Amalungelo afanayo kufuneka asebenze kuye wonke umntu ofumana le nkqubo.
- Ilayisensi akufuneki ichazwe Imveliso: Inkqubo ayinakuba nelayisensi kuphela njengenxalenye yonikezelo olukhulu.
- Ilayisensi akufuneki ithintele enye isoftware: iphepha-mvume alinakunyanzelisa ukuba nayiphi na enye isoftware ehanjiswa nesoftware evulekileyo nayo mayibe yindawo evulekileyo.
- Iphepha-mvume kufuneka ukungathathi hlangothi kwezobuchwephesheUkwamkelwa kwelayisensi ngokusebenzisa unqakrazo lwempuku okanye ezinye iindlela ezithile zesoftware akufuneki ifuneke.
¿Bajonge kwinqanaba le-9? Ukuba ufuna umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo, unayo.
La OKANYE UKUBA yamkela iilayisensi ze FSF kunye neseti yabanye abaninzi iimvume ezivulekileyo.
Ngaba yonke le nto ibalulekile?
Ngokwam, ndicinga ukuba ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwezi zithuba zibalulekile, ngoku sele sisazi ukuba kwihlabathi le-Linux zimbini izikhundla, ayisiyiyo yonke into emnyama, kukwakhona nokungwevu.
Ndikushiya nesicatshulwa esivela UPaolo Colonello (umyili weBligoo, iqonga lokubhloga) osicacisela iiapile:
Njengomzekelo, igqwetha le Isoftware yasimahla phambi kweWindows kungathetha into efana nale:
"Le software iziphethe kakubi, kuba andinalungelo lokubona into eyenzayo kwikhompyuter yam ”kunye nomkhuseli we Vula Umnikezi ungathi "Le software ikumgangatho ophantsi kuba bambalwa abantu abathathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwayo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwinkampani enye (iMicrosoft) ukuvela "
Ukweliphi icala?
Enkosi kakhulu ngenkcazo elula oyinikayo. Ndikwicala lomthombo ovulekileyo, inyani kukuba kuya kufuneka ndibhatale isoftware eyenza le nto ndiyifunayo kwaye akukho nto iyenye kwimarike, ewe, ayinamsebenzi, iyahlawula. Kodwa okokuqala kufuneka ujonge ukhetho, kokubini ukugcina ipokotho yakho, kunye nokufumana izibonelelo kwisoftware engapapashwanga ngenxa yentengiso encinci enokwenziwa ziinkampani ezininzi okanye iinkqubo.
Ndingathi isoftware yasimahla yimibono, ngelixa i-openource yindlela yophuhliso.
Ndizithatha ndikwicala lomthombo ovulekileyo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba inkululeko kufuneka ibekhona kumdwelisi wenkqubo xa ekhetha indlela yokusasaza ikhowudi yakhe, ukuba akafuni kwabelana ngayo, akufuneki ithathelwe ingqalelo njengezinto ezingcolileyo, kodwa ke ukhetha ukugcina umsebenzi wakhe ngasese kwaye unakekele. ukugcina isoftware ngokwakhe.
Nceda, kuwo onke amagqabantshintshi: funda ngakumbi malunga ne-SL ngaphambi kokuba uthethe malunga nezinto ezisisiseko kunye nokuba nengqondo evulekileyo ngakumbi. Akukho mntu ubeka umpu ebunzini lakho okanye akufake entolongweni ngokungasebenzisi i-SW yasimahla, kodwa ukophula ilungelo lobunikazi.
Nokuba ingangubani, YONKE into yezopolitiko kwaye izigqibo zethu, nokuba zincinci kangakanani, zineziphumo kuwo onke amanqanaba.
I-SW namhlanje 'ifakwe' kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kwaye, ngcono okanye kokubi, iya kungena kubunzulu bobuhlobo bethu: siqinisekile ukuba siza kuvumela abanye bayile okanye bathabathe ithuba lokushiya wena? umntu wesithathu ophicotho?
Ndihlala ndiwuthanda uMthombo ovulekileyo. Ubungqongqo akufuneki bube yinxalenye yobomi bekhompyuter, kwaye iSoftware yasimahla kufuneka amaxesha ngamaxesha "kufuneka ithobe utshintsho", kwaye isuse ukuthanda izinto ngokugqithiseleyo kangangokuba kunokubangela ubumfama, ukuya kwinqanaba lokusebenzisa KUPHELA Isoftware yasimahla kwaye akukho nto ingaphaya kweSL!
Kwanele kwiiFundamentism. Basenzakalisile kakhulu kuluntu ...
URoberto, ngokwaphula imithetho yelungelo lokushicilela abayibeki nompu entlokweni yakho. Ngoku, ukuba wophula ilungelo lokushicilela kunye nabantwana aba-5, mhlawumbi bakhona. Kuya kufuneka ugqithise kancinci ebomini, kuya kufuneka ukhethe ezingwevu, kuba akukho nto ilungile okanye imbi nge-100%.
URoberto: into esisiseko (kwaye ukuba ... kuye kwafuneka nditsiba kuba ubundixelele yona) bendiyitsho kuba KWIMBONO YAM (kwaye awangeni apho okanye omnye umntu), ngalo lonke ixesha ndisiva ngeFree Software, Iwela ingqondo yam entloko iye kuRicardito Stallman, one-2 okanye i-3 distros azithandayo, kuba ezinye azikho simahla kwi-100%.
Mhlawumbi ndiva buhlungu xa usithi kufuneka sifunde ngakumbi. Ngaba umntu ongena kwi-LXA, uza kufumana eli nqaku, anganika uluvo lokuba uyathandeka (uhlala ehlonipha abanye kwaye ethetha ngeendlela ezithile), kodwa ubeka umpu entloko, ndicinga ukuba uyakwenza ngokubuza ukuba izimvo "ukunamathela" kancinci kwaye sifunde into oyifundileyo kwaye asinayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kuya kufuneka uyamkele indlela abantu ababona nabacinga ngayo. Ngokwazi kwam, inkululeko yokwenyani "isazi indlela yokukhetha", hayi kuyo YONKE into ukuba yi-100% yasimahla kwaye "itshabalalise" ubukhosi beMicrosoft (uninzi lukholelwa ekubeni kufanele ukuba njalo), kwaye ndiyaphinda: KUMBUZO WAM URtallman (endingamaziyo) uyazikhusela ezi zinto: 100% yeSoftware yasimahla.
Ndiyathemba ukuba uyaluhlonipha uluvo lwam kunye nendlela yam yokubona izinto, kwaye ndiyaxolisa ngoluvo lwam ngaphandle kokuyifunda le nto uyifundileyo.
Umbuliso omkhulu.
Ngenxa yokophulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela, abakhombisi ngompu emntwini .. Kuba ngesiqhelo abo banazo ezi suits zomthetho baphilile ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangabaleki okanye bazame ukubaleka .. Ukuba benzile, njengoko bekukho amatyala, bambalwa kodwa sele unike, ufika kwezo zenzo .. Kuselulwaphulo-mthetho, alunabuzaza njengokufa komntu, kodwa lulwaphulo-mthetho.
Lo ngumba OBALULEKILEYO kungekuphela ngenxa yokuba usikhathaza njengama-linuxers kodwa ngenxa yokuba uqulethe into eya kuba sisigqibo esiya kuguqula amashishini amakhulu esoftware xa abantu befunda ukuxabisa oku, izinto ziya kutshintsha kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba umbono kaStallman uguqukile, umzekelo umbono wakhe wecopyleft unemiqobo njengaleyo yelungelo lokushicilela kwaye ayivumeli utshintsho olulula kwiinkampani, into ebalulekileyo okwangoku kukuhlangana phakathi kobunini kunye nokuvula imithombo yolwazi kwaye emva koko uthathe umtsi omkhulu.
Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo le isoftware yekamva kufuneka ilayisensi.
Kuyahlekisa, bangaphi abantu abajika bakhusele umthombo ovulekileyo, kodwa ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweSoftware yasimahla kunye neSoftware evulekileyo, kufuneka sizibeke kwicala lomsebenzisi wesoftware (uninzi apha ndicinga ukuba silulo). Nje ukuba siqonde ukuba singabasebenzisi, siya kuqonda ukuba eyona nto inokwenzeka kuthi kukuba isoftware isimahla, kuba umthombo ovulekileyo ngumbono wabo bavelisa isoftware kwaye benza imali ngayo, ngokubanzi ziinkampani ezinkulu.
Ngesoftware yasimahla, abasebenzisi bayo abasoze baphulukane nezibonelelo zomthombo ovulekileyo, kuba ngobuchwephesha yonke isoftware yasimahla iwela kudidi lwesoftware evulekileyo, kodwa ukubuyela umva akunjalo.
Ndikucebisa ukuba ufunde incwadi ethi "Isoftware yasimahla yoMbutho wasimahla" nguRichard M. Stallman, mhlawumbi uya kuza uyiqonde intshukumo yesoftware yasimahla.
http://biblioweb.sindominio.net/pensamiento/softlibre/
Hayi! Enye into ebalulekileyo, kukho impazamo kwinqaku, apho ithi:
"Amaphepha-mvume avunywe yiFree Software Foundation awavumeli ukuba ikhowudi yesoftware iphinde ivalwe kwakhona."
Ewe, kukwakho neelayisensi, kwaye zithathwa njengezasimahla, ezivumela ukuvalwa kwekhowudi yemvelaphi, enje ngelayisensi ye-BSD eguqulweyo, yona isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-BSD, ezazisetyenziswa ngu-Apple ukwenza inkqubo ye-Mac OS X esekwe kwiFreeBSD inkozo.
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.es.html#SoftwareLicenses
@ 123: Amagqabantshintshi akho okugqibela aye kugaxekile, kodwa sendiyibuyisile kwakhona.
Kweso sivakalisi sinye bendifuna ukuthetha lento uyithethileyo.Kwelo phepha ulikhankanyayo, i-FSF ibonisa onke amaphepha-mvume apho isoftware ye-copyleft inokusebenza ngokusemthethweni ukuba ihlale injalo, oko akuthethi ukuba zikwi-FSF. Bathetha apho besebenzisa isikhokelo somthetho.
Ukubulisa
Umthombo ovulekileyo abantu bafuna isoftware ukuba isebenze nayo nayiphi na imigaqo yokuziphatha. Abakhathali nokuba iyayenzakalisa iNkululeko yabantu. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kukuba iinkampani zinokuba nenzuzo enkulu kwaye amagcisa anokuhlawula ngakumbi.
Isoftware yasimahla isoloko inamaxabiso okwenza umsebenzi. Le yinkcazo engcono yomahluko.
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.es.html
Ndiyakuvuyela ngenqaku, elihle kakhulu.
Ewe kwimeko yomthombo ovulekileyo singathetha malunga ne-linux kernel yecandelo eligcwele iibhloko zokuthengisa ezamkela i-GPL3 (i-General Public License 3) ekuthi kuyo yonke imithombo evulekileyo yomthombo ibonakalise.
Kodwa kwelinye icala kukho i-Linux-simahla:http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre
ekuthi ngayo (ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na into eyimbumba), i-100% yeSoftware yasimahla yenziwa ngokwendalo: http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.es.html (Phakathi kwayo iTrisquel 4.0.1 'taranis' ibonakala iphambili kakhulu: http://trisquel.info/es/download), kulungile umzekelo sinazo ezo ndawo zisikelelekileyo zibalulekile kwaye zigqibelele njengawo nawuphi na umthombo ovulekileyo wobunini ubuntu, debian, openSUSE, njl.
Ewe kunjalo, umahluko phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla kunye nemicimbi yomthombo ovulekileyo, kakhulu kangangokuba zonke iinkqubo ezikwi-firmware nakwizicelo kunye neelayibrari (kwaye akukho nkqubo yobunini isetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela) le-100% yokusebenza simahla thintela yonke isoftware engahlawulelwayo ngokupheleleyo phantsi kweGPL kunye neGPL2.
Ngokuqinisekileyo abakhuseli bemithombo evulekileyo baya kuphuma bethi "kulungile ukuba ufuna ukukhululeka, umzekelo, i-debian cudisa ukufaka i-linux-libre kwaye yiyo, sisoftware yasimahla" kodwa kuya kubakho ukubanakho ukongeza iindawo zokugcina zabucala kwimithombo uluhlu lwefayile.ngoko nawuphi na umthombo ovulekileyo distro. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ufuna ukongeza indawo yokugcina kuluhlu.ifayile ye-gNewSense okanye i-UTUTU okanye i-Dragora (umzekelo), xa uhlaziya idathabheyisi kwisiphelo sendlela uza kuba nomyalezo: 'umthetho awufumaneki' kuba ABAYAMKELI into yokugcina ubunini 100% Isiphoso simahla.