Ukupapashwa kwe Uhlelo lwama-59 lwenqanaba leekhompyuter ezingama-500 ezinowona msebenzi uphezulu we ihlabathi. Kushicilelo olutsha, abalishumi abaphezulu babandakanya amaqela amatsha amathathu, abakhusele indawo yabo yokuqala, yesithathu neyeshumi.
Indawo yokuqala yaya kwiFrontier entsha, ekwiSebe laseUnited States leSebe lezaMandla kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseOak Ridge. iqela iphantse ibe zizigidi ezili-9 zeeprosesa (I-AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz CPU, i-AMD Instinct MI250X Accelerator) kwaye ihambisa ukusebenza kwe-petaflops ye-1102, ephantse ibe kathathu inkokeli yangaphambili. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eFrontier ngama-30% ngaphantsi kunenkokeli yangaphambili.
Iqela laseJapan iFugaku elakhiwe ngeeprosesa ze-ARM (i-158976 nodes esekwe kwi-Fujitsu A64FX SoC, exhotyiswe nge-8.2-core 2,2GHz Armv48-A SVE CPU) uye kwindawo yesibini. Iqela le-Fugaku libanjwe kwi-RIKEN Institute for Physical and Chemical Research kwaye libonelela ngokusebenza kwe-442 petaflops. Inkqubo yokusebenza yiRed Hat Enterprise Linux.
Indawo yesithathu ithathwe liqela elitsha leLUMI, isingathwe kwiZiko laseYurophu leComputing (EuroHPC) eFinland kwaye ibonelela ngokwenziwa kweepetaflops ezili-151. Iqela lisekelwe kwiqonga elifanayo le-HPE Cray EX235a njengenkokeli entsha kwinqanaba, kodwa libandakanya i-processor cores ye-1,1 yezigidi (i-AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz, i-AMD Instinct MI250X i-accelerator, inethiwekhi ye-Slingshot-11). Eli qonga likwasetyenziswa kwi-French cluster Adastra, ebekwe kwindawo ye-10 kwaye ine-319.000 ye-processor cores (into yonke yokusebenza kweepetaflops ezingama-46).
Iqela Ingqungquthela, isetyenziswe yi-IBM e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA), iwele kwindawo yesine. Iqela liqhuba i-Red Hat Enterprise Linux, ibandakanya i-2,4 yezigidi zeeprosesa ze-cores (usebenzisa i-9-core IBM Power22 3,07C 22 GHz CPUs kunye ne-NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), ibonelela nge-148 petaflops yokusebenza.
Ngokuphathelele ii-supercomputers zasekhaya, amaqela I-Chervonenkis, iGalushkin kunye neLyapunov eyenziwe nguYandex yawa ukusuka kwi-19, i-36 kunye ne-40 indawo. kwiindawo ezingama-22, 40 nama-43. La maqela enzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki zokufunda koomatshini kwaye anikeze ukusebenza kwe-21,5, 16, kunye ne-12,8 petaflops, ngokulandelanayo. Amaqela aqhuba Ubuntu 16.04 kwaye axhotyiswe nge-AMD EPYC 7xxx processors kunye neNVIDIA A100 GPUs: Iqela laseChervonenkis linamaqhuqhuva ali-199 (193K AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores kunye ne-1592 NVIDIA A100 80 GPUs 136GD 134 GPUs 7702 64G2 AMDK 1088 GPUs) kunye 100 NVIDIA A80 137G GPUs), Lyapunov - 130 nodes (7662 amawaka AMD EPYC 64 2C 1096GHz cores kunye 100 NVIDIA A40 XNUMXG GPUs).
I-Cluster ye-Christofari Neo esetyenziswe yi-Sberbank yawa ukusuka kwi-43 ukuya kwindawo ye-46. U-Christofari Neo uqhuba i-NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (Ubuntu Edition) kwaye unikezela nge-petaflops ye-11,9 yokusebenza. Iqela lingaphezulu kwe-98k cores esekwe kwi-AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU kwaye iza ne-NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Iqela lesibini le-Sberbank (Christofari) liye laphakama ukusuka kwi-72 ukuya kwi-80 kwindawo yokubeka kwisiqingatha sonyaka.
Eyona ndlela inomdla kakhulu yile ilandelayo. Ukuhanjiswa ngenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo:
- I-China: 173 (173 - isiqingatha sonyaka odlulileyo). Iyonke, amaqela aseTshayina avelisa i-12% yayo yonke imveliso (iinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo, i-17,5%).
- USA: 127 (149). Intsebenzo iyonke iqikelelwa kuma-47,3% ohlelo lulonke lwentsebenzo (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - 32,5%).
- EJapan: 34 (32). Iyonke imveliso - 14,3%
- EJamani: 31 (26). Imveliso iyonke – 11,5%
- EFransi: 22 (19)
- ICanada 14 (11)
- I-UK: 12 (11)
- iRashiya 7 (7)
- ENetherlands: 6 (11)
- I-Itali: 6 (6)
- IBrazil 6 (5)
- Mzantsi Korea 6 (7)
- ISaudi Arabia 6 (6)
- ePoland 5 (4)
- eOstreliya 5 (3)
- eSweden 5 (4)
- eSwitzerland 4 (3)
- EFinland: 4 (3).
Kwinqanaba leenkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter ezinkulu, yiLinux kuphela ebambe eyayo iminyaka emihlanu:
- I-47,8% (51,6%) ayinazo iinkcukacha zokusasazwa
- I-18.2% (18%) isebenzise i-CentOS
8,8% (7,6%) - RHEL - 8% (7%) CrayLinux
- 5,2% (5,4%) -Ubuntu
- 3,8% (4%) – SUSE
- 0.8% (0%) - Alma Linux
- 0,6% (0%) - RockyLinux
- 0,2% (0,2%) -iNzululwazi yeLinux
Ubuncinci bomgangatho wokusebenza ukungena kwi-Top500 awukatshintshi kwiinyanga ezi-6 kwaye yi-1,65 petaflops (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo, amaqela angama-56 abonise ukusebenza kwe-1,65 petaflops, ngoku - i-20). Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo kuphela ngamaqela angama-272 abonisa ukusebenza kwiipetaflops, kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo 138, kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo 94). Kwi-Top100, umda wokungena unyuke ukusuka kwi-4,78 ukuya kwi-5,39 petaflops;
isivuno sisonke yazo zonke iinkqubo ezikuluhlu inyuke ukusuka kwi-3,04 ukuya kwi-4,40 exaflops kwiinyanga ezi-6 (iminyaka emibini edlulileyo yayiyi-1,650 exaflops kwaye kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo yayiyi-566 petaflops). Inkqubo evala indawo yangoku ibekwe kwindawo ye-464 kwinqaku lokugqibela.
Uguqulelo olutsha lolunye uhlengahlengiso lwe-Graph 500 lweenkqubo ze-cluster kulindeleke ukuba lukhutshwe kungekudala. I-Green500, i-HPCG (i-High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) kunye ne-HPL-AI yokulinganisa idibaniswe ne-Top500 kwaye ibonakaliswe kwi-Top500 yokubeka inqanaba.
Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokwazi okungakumbi ngayo, unokujonga kwiinkcukacha Kule khonkco ilandelayo.