URichard Matthew Stallman (okanye "iirms") ayifuni singeniso, yinkqubo entle kakhulu apho iinkqubo ezifana nomhlanganisi we-GCC, isiphene se-GDB kunye nomhleli we-Emacs sele bephumile. Uyaziwa ngeprojekthi yakhe ye-GNU nangokuba ngumqambi wecopyleft concept. Kodwa ukuba uRichard Stallman waziwa ngento ethile, yeyokuba angumsunguli wentshukumo yesoftware yasimahla.
Umnumzana Stallman lelinye ikhonkco kwi uluhlu lodliwanondlebe ukuba siqale kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwaye sizakuqhubeka sinabalinganiswa ababalaseleyo. URichard ngobubele wenze umsantsa phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe, kwaye uphendule imibuzo yemibuzo yethu, onokuyifunda kwaye uyonwabele apha ngezantsi. Kwaye ngokwesicelo sodliwanondlebe, eminye imibuzo yahlulwa ukuba iphendulwe kancinci kancinci.
LinuxAdictos: Kwibhlog yethu sibhengeze ukukhutshwa kweenguqulelo ezintsha ze-GNU / Hurd. Zeziphi izibonelelo ozibonayo kwi-Hurd kernel ngaphezulu kweLinux?
URichard M. Stallman: Sasungula ukuphuhliswa kwe-GNU Hurd kernel ngo-1990 ukuze inkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU yasimahla ibe ne-kernel. Ndasungula inkqubo ye-GNU ngo-1983 ukwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha yasimahla, efuna inkqubo yokusebenza yasimahla, eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo ziinkqubo zasimahla. (Ikwafuna iinkqubo zokufaka simahla, kodwa iya kuba lelinye inqanaba.) Kodwa zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zazingabanini, oko kukuthi, bababandeza abo babezisebenzisa inkululeko yabo. Ukuze senze ikhomputha kwinkululeko, kwafuneka sibaleke kubo. Yabona http://gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html.
Nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza ifuna ikernel njengecandelo. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza yasimahla, ufuna ikernel yasimahla. Ngo-1990, kwakungekho nanye. I-Linux, i-kernel eyayiza kuphuhliswa yi-Torvalds, yayingakhange iqalise. Ukuba (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) kuyo yonke inkqubo, yayilixesha lokuqala ikernel.
Namhlanje, iLinux yikhonel yasimahla (ngaphandle kwe "iibhloko zebhanari": iinkqubo zefirmware, ngaphandle kwekhowudi yomthombo, efihliweyo kwiLinux), kwaye isebenza kakuhle, ke ayifuni kutshintshwa. Ke ngoko, asisayi kubeka phambili i-Hurd. Sisusa "iibhloko" ukuba sibe nohlobo lwasimahla lweLinux, esiyibiza ngokuba "yiLinux yasimahla" kwanakwisiNgesi, kwaye sisebenzisa inkqubo ye-GNU ngeLinux yasimahla. Yabona http://gnu.org/software/linux-libre.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukubuyisela "iibhloko" (ezikhoyo kwiLinux njengoko iTorvalds iyipapasha) ngesoftware yasimahla yiprojekthi ephambili. Ngaphandle kwee-blobs, ezinye iipheripheriti azisebenzi; ukungazinxibi ngumbingelelo esiwenzela inkululeko yethu. Sifuna ukubenza basebenze ngokukhululeka; emva koko kuya kufuneka sitshintshe iibhloko kunye nesoftware yasimahla.
LxW: Isicwangciso seLab Labs 9 sibanga ukuba singumlandeli we-Unix, kodwa ekugqibeleni sahluleka kuba i-Unix yayanele ngokwaneleyo.
I-RMS: Andazi ukuba kutheni, kodwa ndiyayithandabuza loo ngcaciso.
LxW: Ngaba ucinga ukuba into enye eyenzekileyo kwiSicwangciso 9 nge-GNU / Hurd inokwenzeka?
I-RMS: Ukuthelekiswa phakathi kwesiCwangciso 9 kunye neHurd akulunganga: yayineenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Isicwangciso 9 sasenzelwe ukuba sithathe indawo yeUnix.
Ayiphumelelanga, kwaye injongo ayiphumelelanga. Sikhulelwe i-Hurd njenge-kernel yokuqala efana ne-Unix ekhululekile. Yayingeyonto ethatha indawo yomnye, kuba sasingenayo enye. Le njongo ifezekisiwe, hayi nge-GNU Hurd kodwa yiLinux. Inkqubo ye-GNU iyasetyenziswa, nangona ingekho nge-GNU Hurd kodwa nge-Linux. Ke siqhubele phambili ukulwa isoftware yokuthengisa kwezinye iimfazwe.
LxW: Makhe sithethe "ngotshaba" ...
I-RMS: "Utshaba" lwethu yisoftware ephetheyo, isoftware ehlasela inkululeko kunye noluntu lwabasebenzisi, xa iyonke. IMicrosoft yenye yeentshaba. Namhlanje, kubonakala kum ukuba iApple lutshaba olukhulu lwenkululeko. Ndiyakumema, bafundi abathandekayo, ukuba ubaleke kuzo zombini, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuzo zonke iinkqubo zobunini.
LxW: Uyazi ukuba ifilosofi kaMicrosoft itshintshile mva nje.
I-RMS: Ndiyalubona utshintsho oluchazayo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi kum alutshintshi kakhulu.
LxW: Ukhuphe ezinye iiprojekthi, ukhuphe i-NET Core kunye neKhowudi yeVenkile yeStudio ye-GNU / Linux
I-RMS: Ezinye iindawo zeNET zisimahla, iminyaka embalwa. Kodwa uMicrosoft uyala ukuthembisa ukuba akazukuhlasela abasebenzisi beNET ngamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza.
Ke ukuzisebenzisa kuyingozi. Sicebisa ngokuchasene nokwenza isoftware ngeNET. Ngokubhekisele kwiVidiyo yeVidiyo, yinkqubo yobunini. Ke ayisosisombululo, kodwa ngumzekelo wengxaki. Isisombululo iya kuba kukuyifaka endaweni yesoftware yasimahla.
Ukuba le nkqubo yobunini sele isebenza kwi-GNU / Linux ayisiqinisekisi ngokusemthethweni. Hayi kutheni ubulela iMicrosoft. Yabona
http://gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.es.html. Ukuba besinokuphuhlisa i-GNU ubukhulu becala kwimpumelelo yethu, ngaphandle kwenjongo enzulu, ndicinga ukuba singakubhiyozela ukubakho kwenkqubo yobunini njengeVisual Studio kwiGNU / Linux. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inokunyusa impumelelo yenkqubo.
Kodwa sinenjongo enzulu ebaluleke ngaphezu kwempumelelo: ikhompyutha yasimahla.
Injongo yethu kukukhulula abasebenzisi, ukuba iinkqubo zobumnini ziyeke ukubabandeza inkululeko.
Ukuba umntu othile usebenzisa iVisual Studio kwi-GNU / Linux, kungcono ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa iVisual Studio kwiWindows, kuba iWindows ayisayingenisi. Kodwa ayikafiki enkululekweni, kuba iVisual Studio isayingenisa. Kuya kufuneka uphuhlise inkqubo yasimahla yokutshintsha iVidiyo ebonakalayo.
LxW: Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba mva nje kukho amarhe malunga nengxoxo yangaphakathi enokubakho "yokuvula ikhowudi" yeWindows, ucinga ntoni ngale Windows yasimahla?
I-RMS: Ndilwela isoftware yasimahla, Oko kukuthi, inkululeko kunye noluntu lwabasebenzisi. "Umthombo ovulekileyo" lolunye uluvo, olucingelwa ukuba alunanto yakwenza nezopolitiko, andivumelani nalo. Yabona
http://gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.es.html. Ke ngoko, andisebenzisi amagama athi "vula" okanye "vala" ukuthetha ngesoftware. Kwinqanaba elisebenzayo, ukuba inkqubo "ngumthombo ovulekileyo," phantse ihlala isimahla; okungafaniyo bambalwa. Ke ukuba bayayikhulula "imithombo evulekileyo" yeWindows, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba simahla.
Ukuba iWindows isoftware yasimahla ngenye imini, iya kuba nesimilo. Ngokucacileyo, indlela yokuhanjiswa kwayo iya kuba nokuziphatha. Kuya kufuneka sibone ukuba inayo nayiphi na eminye imiba yokuziphatha, kodwa andizukuyala kuba nje ivela kuMicrosoft. Andinamkhethe ngokuchasene neMicrosoft, okanye iApple, okanye nabani na. Ndigweba umphuhlisi ngamnye ngokokuziphatha kwabo ...
LxW: Wena noLinus Torvalds nilulahlile ulwimi lwe-C ++ xa kuthelekiswa nolwimi lweCandelo.Ngaba ungacacisa ukuba kutheni?
I-RMS: Kwimeko yam, kungenxa yokuba i-C ++ inzima kakhulu, andicingi ukuba inika isibonelelo esifanele ukuntsokotha. Andazi ukuba uthini uTorvalds ngayo.
LxW: Ukufaka igalelo kwisoftware yasimahla ayinakwenziwa kuphela ngokwenkqubo. IFreeguras.com ngumzekelo ocacileyo. Uyamazi? Ngomsebenzi wobugcisa (nangona ungathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe) bayakwazi ukunikela nge-10% yengeniso kwi-FSF.
I-RMS: Andimazi, kodwa ezi ndaba ziyandonwabisa kakhulu.
LxW: Ungathini kubantu abacinga kuphela ngemigca yekhowudi?
I-RMS: Zininzi iindlela zokunceda nokuxhasa ukuhamba kwesoftware simahla. Yabona http://gnu.org/help.
Ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza inkqubo kakuhle, nceda usincede senze inkqubo. Ukuba akunjalo, nceda usincede ngenye indlela.
LxW: Utshintshile ihlabathi, ifilosofi yakho idlulile ngaphaya kwesoftware, ifikelela kwi-hardware, kunye neeprojekthi ezingenanto yokwenza neekhomputha (umculo, iincwadi, njl.). Ikwasebenza ekusasazeni ifilosofi yokukhupha ikhowudi kwezinye iinkalo ezinje ngebhayoloji (imbewu yasimahla, iGlowing Plant, OpenWorm).
I-RMS: Ukuba bathi "vula," mhlawumbi abanamdla kwinkululeko kwaye abayikhuthazi ifilosofi yethu.
Kwezinye zezi nkalo, inkululeko yomsebenzisi ayikhuliswanga njengengumba obalulekileyo. Mininzi imicimbi yokuziphatha ebomini; Andinyanzelisi ekuqulunqeni konke ngokwemeko enye. Ukuba ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwesoftware yobunini akunangqamaniso kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba, ndiyavuyisana naloo ndawo.
Kodwa masingakulibali kwicandelo lenzululwazi yekhompyuter!
LxW: Siyawazi umahluko phakathi komthombo ovulekileyo kunye nesoftware yasimahla, kodwa ungathanda ukubona iphepha-mvume leGPL kwixa elizayo kwiinkalo ezinje ngamayeza, ibhayoloji,…?
I-RMS: ICopyleft, ekuthi umzekelo wayo yiGNU kawonkewonke, isekwe ngokusemthethweni kwilungelo lokushicilela. Iya kusebenza kuphela kwimisebenzi ephantsi kwelungelo lokushicilela. Umthetho welungelo lokushicilela awusebenzi kumayeza okanye kwimbewu.
Abanye, bedidekile yingqondo engahambelaniyo "yengqondo", bacinga ukuba umthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi uyafana nomthetho welungelo lokushicilela. Ke bacinga ukulungelelanisa ngqo ilungelo lobunikazi kwilungelo lobunikazi elisekhohlo.
Ngapha koko, le mithetho mibini yahluke ngokupheleleyo, ayifani kwaphela. (Ngesi sizathu, igama elithi "ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda" kufuneka laliwe http://gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.es.html.
Akufuneki iphindwe ngaphandle kokuba ikumanqaku okucaphuna. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlengahlengise ngasekhohlo kwe
Umbhali ngqo kumalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza.
Ndiyamazi umntu okhangela iindlela zokufezekisa into efana neziphumo zephiko lasekhohlo kunye nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, kodwa kuya kufuneka uzenze ngezivumelwano kwaye ayisiyonto yendalo njengokusebenzisa iGNU GPL.
LxW: Ndifundile ukuba uninzi lwamaxesha isebenzisa imo yekhonsoli kwaye isebenzisa imo yemizobo ngamaxesha athile xa ifuna njalo Xa usenza, yeyiphi imeko ye desktop oyithandayo?
I-RMS: Imowudi yemizobo ikwindawo yesibini kum, andifuni ukuchitha ixesha ndizama ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ndisebenzisa i-GNOME ngenxa yokunyaniseka kuba ivela kwi-GNU, kwaye ndonelisekile yiyo.
LxW: Ngokwesiqhelo xa abazali bebuzwa ukuba ngowuphi umntwana abafuna ukumfumana ngaphezulu, bahlala benentloni ekuphenduleni kwaye baphendule ukuba babathanda bonke ngokulinganayo. Unabantwana: ii-Emacs, i-GCC, okanye i-GDB. Yeyiphi oyifunayo ngaphezulu?
I-RMS: Aba bathathu ngoonyana bam bobuchwephesha, kodwa oyena nyana wam ubaluleke kakhulu kuba engengobugcisa. Luvo lwenkululeko ekusebenziseni iikhompyuter, umbono wokuba abasebenzisi bafanele ukusebenzisa ulawulo lweenkqubo abazisebenzisayo, kwaye silulwela olu lawulo.
LxW: Ndiyibonile indlela ophawule ngayo ukuba ababhali bamaxwebhu afunekayo, nangaphezulu kweenkqubo. Ngaba ucinga ukuba abantu abazinikeleyo bayafuneka ukuze benze uphicotho lokhuseleko?
I-RMS: Ewe kunjalo.
LxW: Ndiyithetha le nto kuba i-malware kunye nobuthathaka obuchaphazela iinkqubo ze-GNU / Linux ziyafunyanwa mva nje.
I-RMS: Akukho nto igqibeleleyo. Iinkqubo zobunini zineziphene zobuchwephesha, kunye neenkqubo zasimahla nazo. Kodwa ngubani ovunyelweyo ukulungisa iimpazamo ezinjalo?
Ngesoftware yasimahla, nawuphi na umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukuyilungisa. Ungayenza ngokwakho, ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza inkqubo. Unokuqesha umdwelisi wenkqubo ukwenza oku. Ungathatha inxaxheba kwiqela, kunye neenkqubo ezimbalwa, ukulungisa oko ukuze kuzuze bonke.
Kodwa ngesoftware ephetheyo, ngumnini wayo kuphela ovunyelweyo ukuba enze olu tshintsho, okanye naluphi na utshintsho. Unokwazisa ngabom i-bugs. Ngesoftware ephetheyo, umphuhlisi usebenzisa amandla ngaphezulu kwabasebenzisi, kwaye uhlala esebenzisa amandla akhe ukunyanzelisa ukusebenza ngokungekho mthethweni kubo. Yabona http://gnu.org/proprietary/ kwimizekelo emininzi yokusebenza gwenxa kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zobunini.
Kuyavela ukuba isoftware yobunini yenza ikhompyuter yejezi. Ngesoftware yasimahla, ukusebenza ngokukhohlakeleyo kunqabile kuba abasebenzisi banolawulo oluphezulu kwaye banokuzikhusela ngokuchaseneyo nokudimaza ukwaziswa.
LxW: Lo mbuzo wokugqibela uyinto ekhethekileyo. Ndikushiya amanye amagama kwaye ubeke uluvo olufutshane kwilinye nelinye:
I-RMS:
- Android:
Inamacandelo obunini; Inye nguGoogle Play, eyi-malware. Yabona http://gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html.
Inguqulelo yasimahla ye-Android yiReplicant; Yabona replicant.us.
Malunga nomba we-Android kunye nenkululeko, yabona http://gnu.org/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html.
- IFirefoxOS:
Isebenzisa abaqhubi abanelungelo, kodwa inokuba nesoftware encinci yokuthengisa kune-Android.
- I-Raspberry Pi:
Inesiphene esibulalayo: ayazi nokuba ungayazisa njani ngaphandle kwesoftware yobunini. Yabona fsf.org/resource/hw/single-board-computer ukuthelekisa nezinye iimveliso.
- IsiArduino:
Ukusuka kwinto endiyivileyo, isimahla kwaye inesimilo. Andinawo amava ngokuthe ngqo ngayo, kuba andizenzi iiprojekthi ezinjalo.
- I-Linus Torvalds:
Ayilweli inkululeko yomsebenzisi.
- MahalaBSD:
Inesoftware ephetheyo, "iibhloko" kwikernel, efanayo ne "blobs" kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweLinux.
- I-SteamOS:
Iqala nge-GNU / Linux kwaye yongeza isoftware yokuhanjiswa kwemidlalo yokuthengisa. Andizukuzisebenzisa ngoba andifuni kunikezela ngenkululeko yam. Yabona http://gnu.org/philosophy/nonfree-games.html.
- IMicrosoft:
Ngokuyintloko lutshaba lwenkululeko yethu, nangona ikhulisa iinkqubo ezithile zasimahla eziluncedo.
- Apple:
Ngokuyintloko lutshaba lwenkululeko yethu, nangona ikwenza ezinye iinkqubo eziluncedo zasimahla.
- Iidrones:
Kwamanye amazwe, izixhobo zokubulala.
Kumazwe ethu, ingozi kubucala.
Ungaphuthelwa ludliwanondlebe olulandelayo… Kwaye ungalibali ukushiya izimvo zakho.
Inomdla kakhulu intetho, ubabalo LxA
Le freak iyaphikisana neendlela zakhe, phakathi kwenkululeko kukwenza into UFUNA IZINTO ZAKHO, ndiza kwenza le nto ithethwa ngabaxhasi be-linux? Kufana neshishini, ukuba ufuna abathengi kufuneka ulungelelanise, kodwa ukuba unyamalale, andiqondi ukuba kutheni ukurhawuzelela okungaka ngezi zinto kwaye ukuba kukho izikhalazo ezininzi, emva koko ke ukwenza ezinye iindlela, sele zikho ezinye iindlela zokudanyaza (kuphela ayisebenzi kangako, endaweni yayo ayisebenzisi ukulala nezilwanyana abazisebenzisayo) kwaye sukuphambanisa ukuba wedwa neshishini. Kulungile lo Mnu. Ihashe le-trojan lamaJuda, akumangalisi ukuba liphume kumqolo wesimahla we-solftware xa lingayikhuseli inkululeko kodwa linokukhutshelwa kunye nokuzilawula ngaphandle kokuhlawula ipeni. IFirefox sele ibubungqina boku
Kodwa yintoni idiocy oyithethayo. Akukho mkhuseli weSoftware yasimahla ekuxelela into ekufuneka uyenzile, kuphela kukugxekwa okwenziwa kwinkqubo yesoftware yobunini kunye nokusasaza ngokukhululekileyo ukuze kamva ukhethe ... ubuqhetseba.
Yenza ezinye iindlela? I-GNU yenye indlela ... ndiyaphinda ... ngobuqhetseba.
idasta yakho yabonwa xa usithi i-jew
buyela emqolombeni wakho we-neo-nazi
Intetho emnandi, nangona ndingathanda i-RMS ukuba ibuzwe malunga ne-Debian kunye ne-Ubuntu.
Intetho ebalaseleyo
Olukhulu uhlobo lodliwanondlebe. Ijongeka intle. Enkosi ngegalelo.
Kulunge kakhulu, ngewumbuzile ukuba usebenzisa ntoni okoko ndikhankanyile ukuba okusingqongileyo kuhlala kusebenzisa i-XD
Udliwanondlebe olukhulu. Ngokwam, ndiyathandabuza ukuba uMicrosoft uthetha ngokukhupha windows njengomthombo ovulekileyo, ngakumbi xa le nguqulo intsha iyekile ukuba yimveliso ukuze ibe yinkonzo.
Ndijongene naye buqu kwaye ungumntu olungileyo ngokwenyani. Ingqondo enelungelo, nayo. Ingangathi iyathandeka kwezinye iikhonsepthi, ezinje nge-kernel blops, kodwa hey, exhomekeke kulowo nalowo wokuyisebenzisa, ngekhe ujonge kumgca ngamnye kunye nencopho yekhowudi ngendlela ecekeceke.
Kwelinye icala, ukuze abanye bagqabaze, ngaphandle kolunye uloyiko ngokukhethekileyo kwithoni yayo endinokuziva ndinikezelwe kuyo, umsebenzisi (okhethekileyo) uthe akayikhuseli inkululeko kodwa uyikopa. Masibone, kukuba ayikopishi ipropathi yabucala yaloo khowudi, kodwa iindawo zokuyilwa kwenkqubo yomthombo ovulekileyo (ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda yoluntu) ukuze le nkqubo okanye ikhowudi ikwazi ukumelana neemfuno zokwenyani nganye nganye. , apho kukho inkululeko. Umzekelo, umsebenzisi usebenzisa iDebian ngekhowudi esisiseko, kodwa andiyithandi kuba ayiveli nabaqhubi okanye iinkqubo endizifunayo, kuba ndenza eyam inguqulelo kunye nezo nkqubo, umzekelo, kwezemfundo.
Kwaye emva koko ndipapasha olo hlobo lweDebian ngeenkqubo zemfundo ukuze wenze into oyifunayo ngayo. Akukho lungelo labucala labucala kuba ndiqala kwisiseko sokuba ndiyipapashe ukuze isetyenziswe okanye iguqulwe ngokunjalo.
Umyalezo walo mntu awuyiyo into yokuba ngumnini okanye isoftware evaliweyo yohlwaywa, ke oko kushiya umnyango uvulelekile kuye wonke umntu ukuba enze le nto ayifunayo.
Umyalezo walo mntu kukuba enye yokusetyenziswa kwenkululeko ukusebenzisa ilungelo lobunikazi kukukhusela urhwebo olusekwe ekwabelaneni ngenkululeko epheleleyo kwinto ethengiswayo, kuba oku kubalulekile ukuba uvuleke okanye ubonakale ekuhleni ngento ethengiswayo.
Isoftware yasimahla ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ibe simahla kwaye eneneni ayisiyiyo, kuba yonke into inexabiso, lo ngumgaqo obalulekileyo wendalo (amaxabiso akufuneki abe yimali ngqo okanye izinto eziphathekayo: zininzi iintlobo zamaxabiso kunye nentengiselwano: njenge Iintsikelelo: ukuba umntu akabuyisi iinzuzo kancinci kancinci uphelelwa ziintsikelelo), nangona lo ingumbandela wefilosofi ngamanye amaxesha ekunzima ukuwuqonda kwaye ayingombandela.
Isoftware yasimahla lurhwebo olusekwe ekwabelaneni ngentuthuko umntu ayipapashayo; Ixabiso elibi lelokuba baya kubakho abo baxhamlayo ngaphandle kokubuyisela nantoni na, kodwa kusenzuzo okanye kulungile ukwenza njalo kuba ekugqibeleni umntu uhlala efumana ngaphezulu kunoko akunikayo, kuba umsebenzi awunikayo uphela uvela ukongezwa kwaBanye kwaye ekugqibeleni wonke umntu ufumana ngaphezulu kunento ayihlawulayo okanye ayihambisayo, ke ngoko iindleko zabo banganikeliyo zithathwa ngokuba ekugqibeleni kukho inzuzo okanye uqoqosho okanye inzuzo (ukuba bekungenjalo, Imodeli yeshishini ayinakuphumelela).
Ibizwa ngokuba simahla njengoko kunokubizwa u-A, igama luvavanyo olwenziwa ukuluhlula kwinto ethathwa ngokuba yeyomnini, kodwa uluvo olwahlukileyo luyamkelwa: kuya kubakho abo babiza urhwebo olukhululekileyo "lolunini" kunye norhwebo lobunini "mahala "Ngokuchaseneyo.
Kwinto ekuthiwa yeyorhwebo olukhululekileyo, urhweba ngekhontrakthi eshiya uthotho lweemeko abathi abo bazixabisileyo kungenxa yokuba becinga ukuba loo nkululeko yokukopa kunye nokuphucula imveliso ngexabiso lokurhweba kwakhona kunye neemeko ezifanayo zingcono kunezo Ukurhweba ngexabiso elingakuvumeliyo ukuba ukope okanye uphucule imveliso, okanye uyazi yonke imveliso ethengwayo okanye ethengiswayo.
Kuya kubakho abo babelana ukuba kungcono ukuhlawula ngaphandle kokwazi ngokupheleleyo imveliso ethengiweyo (evaliweyo okanye evaliweyo) okanye ube nenkululeko yokukopa okanye ukuphucula imveliso ukuze utshintshe kamva, (ukuba ufikelela isivumelwano -intlawulo entsha- kunye nobunini bepropathi yemveliso leyo ibirhweba ngayo ukuze ivelise uphuhliso lwayo), kwimeko efanayo yokuba ngumthombo okanye inkqubo evaliweyo kwaye imveliso yayo ephuhliswe ngokuvumelana nomnini ayikopiswanga okanye iphuculwe ngaphandle kwemvume yayo (enye intlawulo) kuqala kuphuhliso lokuqala.
Kwaye njengoko benditshilo, kholelwa ekubeni kuchanekile ukubiza olu rhwebo lukhululekile kunolunye kuba olunye urhwebo ngendlela yalo lufuna ixabiso okanye imeko yesivumelwano sentengiso, esiya kuthi siqhubeke nokuthengisa phantsi kwemeko ezifanayo zomthombo ovulekileyo kunye nokuvumela ukukopa kwaye uphucule imveliso yabanye ngaphandle kwexabiso elingaphezulu kokukwazi ukusebenzisa uphuculo olwenziwe kwimveliso yakho ngenxa yolo hlobo lwesivumelwano sentengiso.
Ukuba sikhululekile, siya kuvumela umntu ngamnye ukuba abize urhwebo lwabo nantoni na abayifunayo, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenziseka kolwimi, amagama aphela ekwamkelwa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuchazayo: yiyo loo nto kwanabo bacinga ukuba urhwebo lwabucala lukhululekile kunolo Oko kubizwa ngokuba lurhwebo olukhululekileyo Bamkela ukusetyenziswa kunye namagama asele eqinisekisiwe ukuba athetha urhwebo ngalunye, olunokubizwa ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuba lurhwebo A kunye norhwebo B: nganye ineefilosofi zesivumelwano apho abathengisi bathatha inxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo ukuba bayayamkela okanye abayamkeli imiqathango okanye amaxabiso banikwe ukuba bazithenge.okanye.
Isoftware ekuthiwa simahla ayihlawulelwa, inexabiso, xa ithengiwe okanye ifunyenwe, urhwebo lwamkelwa phantsi kwexabiso okanye iimeko zokuba naluphi na uphuculo kwimveliso efumanekayo kufuneka luqhubeke nokuba neemeko ezifanayo zorhwebo Kufuneka uvule ikhowudi (umthombo ovulekileyo) kwaye uvumele imveliso ephuculweyo ukuba ikotshwe kwaye iphuculwe: Kwaye le modeli yeshishini ikhona kuba iyasebenza kwaye inenzuzo, inika inzuzo (nangaluphi na uhlobo, akukho nzuzo yemali kuphela) kwabo yisebenzise ukurhweba.
Njengakwisoftware yokuthengisa, xa kuthengiswa okanye kufunyanwa, iimeko ezifunekayo kwisivumelwano sentengiso kufuneka zigcinwe: sukuyivula ikhowudi kwaye uyiyeke ivaliwe ungazi ukuba yenziwe njani kwaye ungaze uyeke ukukopa okanye ukuphucula imveliso.
Inkululeko ivumela wonke umntu ukuba athengise oko baziva bekhululekile kuko. Kodwa njengesiqhelo kwaye iqhelekile kwidemokhrasi okanye kwinkululeko yokuthetha, abo banomdla kurhwebo olubizwa ngokuba simahla (kunokubizwa ngokuba ngu-B okanye C okanye Z) baya kwenza ubuxoki kunye nephulo lokulungela kwabo ukuze abantu abaninzi basebenzise, kwaye ke ngoko iyakukhusela ubuhle bayo ngelixa izakubhengeza ukungalunganga kwelinye ishishini: Emva koko nakumntu ngamnye ogqiba ngokukhululekileyo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweshishini abalukhethayo.
URichard Stallman akahlaseli inkululeko yokuthetha, kwaye akabohlwayi abo basebenzisa okanye bathengise urhwebo ekuthiwa lolwakhiwo, akayithandi kwaye avakalise izimvo zakhe zokuba kutheni engayithandi kwaye ngenxa yokuba ekhetha olunye uhlobo yorhwebo (athe wayiphembelela ukuba ivele) kuye olu hlobo lorhwebo lubonakala lukhululekile kwaye luxabiseke ngaphezulu kolunye: Kwaye kuye baninzi abantu ababelana ngokukhululekileyo ngoqingqo-maxabiso bakhe kwaye bakhusele olo hlobo lorhwebo kwaye balusebenzise.
Sebenzisa olunye uhlobo lwentengiso akunabungozi ekusebenziseni olunye, into eqhelekileyo kukuba ezi ntlobo zorhwebo zisetyenziswa nganye inamaxabiso kunye neemeko zekhontrakthi, zombini ziyalingana ngokwenyani: kuba bobabini bayarhweba elowo neemeko zabo okanye amaxabiso Iindidi zezivumelwano, zishiya nganye ukuba yamkele ngokukhululekileyo okanye hayi imiqathango yesivumelwano okanye yokusetyenziswa. Ukuthi elowo kwinkululeko yakhe avavanye ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwekhontrakthi abalixabise ngakumbi ukwamkela iikhontrakthi zabo okanye iimeko zokusetyenziswa okanye ezorhwebo (ethi kwisoftware yasimahla, njengoko kusitsho kudliwanondlebe, isekwe kwilungelo lokushicilela).
NgokukaRichard Stallman kuyo yonke into ngaphandle kokuba iidrones zizixhobo zokubulala kunye nengozi kwimfihlo, kufana nokuthi iimela ziyingozi kubomi babantu kuba abanye bazisebenzisela ukubulala.
Udliwanondlebe olugqwesileyo, ndingathanda ukuba bathethe ngakumbi ngehardware yasimahla.