Yonwabile engama-29 "Linux"

Nge-25 ka-Agasti 1991, emva kweenyanga ezintlanu zophuhliso Umfundi ogama lingu "Linus Torvalds" owayeneminyaka engama-21 ngelo xesha yazisa ukuba iyakha iprototype esebenzayo ye inkqubo entsha yokusebenza, apho ukufuduka kwe-bash 1.08 kunye ne-gcc 1.40 kugqityiwe.

Kuthathe iintsuku ezininzi ukuba ingxelo yokuqala yoluntu ikhutshwe I-Linux ekhutshwe ngo-Septemba 17. I-0.0.1 kernel icinezelwe kwi-62 KB kwaye iqulethe imigca engama-10 28 yekhowudi yomthombo (kanti i-kernel yangoku ine-XNUMX yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi).

Ikhonkco leLinux iphefumlelwe yinkqubo yokusebenza ye-MINIX, leyo uLinus wayengayithandi nelayisensi yakhe encinci. Emva kwexesha, xa iLinux yaba yiprojekthi eyaziwayo, abo bathetha into engekhoyo Bazama ukutyhola uLinus ngokukopisha ngokuthe ngqo ikhowudi yeenkqubo ezincinci ze-MINIX.

Uhlaselo lwaphendulwa ngumbhali we-MINIX, Andrew Tanenbaum, othume umfundi ukuba enze uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lwekhowudi yeMinix kunye neenguqulelo zokuqala zikaLinux. Iziphumo zoPhononongo zibonise ubukho beekhowudi ezine kuphela zekhowudi ezingekhoyo ngenxa yeemfuno zePOSIX kunye ne-ANSI C.

ILinus ekuqaleni yayicinga ukubiza inkozo "yiFreax" yasimahla, engaqhelekanga kunye no-X (Unix), kodwa igama elithi kernel kwathiwa "yiLinux" ngesandla esikhanyayo sika-Ari Lemmke, owathi, ngesicelo sikaLinus, wabeka i-kernel kwiseva ye-FTP yeyunivesithi, ethiya umkhombandlela nefayile hayi "i-freax", njengoko iTorvalds yacela, kodwa "i-linux".

Ngokuqaphelekayo, uWilliam Della Croce (usomashishini) ukwazile ukuthengisa uphawu lweLinux kwaye wafuna ukuqokelela imali yobukhosi ngexesha, kodwa ke watshintsha ingqondo wagqithisela onke amalungelo kuphawu lwentengiso kuLinus.

Imascot esemthethweni ye-Linux kernel, i-Tux penguin, yakhethwa ngokhuphiswano olwabanjwa ngo-1996. Igama elithi Tux limela iTorvalds UniX.

Ngokumalunga nembali yekernelEzi zezona nguqulelo zibalulekileyo kwimbali yeLinux:

• Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 1991 -Linux 0.0.1: Luhlobo lokuqala loluntu oluxhasa kuphela i-i386 CPU kunye neebhutsi ezisuka kwifloppy disk
• Ukusukela ngoJanuwari 1992-Linux 0.12Ikhowudi yaqala ukuhanjiswa phantsi kwelayisenisi yeGPLv2;
• Ukusukela ngo-Matshi 1992-Linux 0.95-Ukubonelela ngesakhono sokuqhuba iX Window System, inkxaso yememori ebonakalayo, kunye nokwahlulahlula ukwahlulahlula.
  I-Linux 0.96-0.99-1992-1993: Umsebenzi uqalwe kwisitaki senethiwekhi. Inkqubo ye-Ext2 yefayile yaziswa, inkxaso yefomathi yefayile ye-ELF yongezwa, abaqhubi bamakhadi esandi kunye nabalawuli beSCSI baziswa.
  Ngo-1992 kwavela ulwabiwo lokuqala lwe-SLS kunye neYggdrasil. Ngehlobo lowe-1993, iiprojekthi zeSlackware kunye neDebian zasekwa.
• Ukusukela ngo-Matshi 1994-Linux 1.0: luguqulelo lokuqala oluzinzileyo ngokusemthethweni.
• Ukusukela ngo-Matshi 1995-Linux 1.2: Ukonyuka okubonakalayo kwenani labaqhubi, inkxaso yeAlpha, iMIPs kunye namaqonga e-SPARC, ukwandiswa kokuqina kwenethiwekhi, ukubonakala kwesihluzi sepakethi, inkxaso yeNFS.
• NgoJuni 1996 -Linux 2.0-Ufika ngenkxaso yeenkqubo ezininzi.
• Ngo-Matshi 1997: Isiseko se-LKML, uluhlu lwee-imeyile ze-kernel kernel.
• 1998Ukuphehlelelwa kweqela lokuqala le-Linux esekwe kwi-Top500, eneendawo ezingama-68 ezinee-Alpha CPUs.
• Ukusukela ngoJanuwari 1999-Linux 2.2: sele inenkqubo ephezulu yolawulo lwenkumbulo esebenzayo, inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-IPv6, iphumeze i-firewall entsha, yazisa inkqubo esezantsi yesandi;
• Ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2001-Linux 2.6-Inkxaso ye-8-processor 64GB iinkqubo ze-RAM, inkqubo yefayile ye-Ext3, i-USB, inkxaso ye-ACPI.
• Ukusukela ngoDisemba 2003-Linux 2.6: iza nenkxaso ye-SELinux, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo zekernel tuning, sysfs, inkqubo ehlaziyiweyo yolawulo lwenkumbulo;
• Ngo-2005, i-Xen hypervisor yaziswa, isebenzisa ixesha lokubona.
• NgoSeptemba 2008, ingxelo yokuqala yeqonga le-Android esekwe kwi-Linux kernel yenziwa.
• NgoJulayi 2011 -ukuphela kwesebe 2.6.x: Emva kweminyaka eli-10 yophuhliso lwe-2.6.x yesebe, utshintsho oluye lwaya kwinani le-3.x lwenziwa. Inani lezinto kwindawo yokugcina izinto zeGit lifikelele kwizigidi ezi-2.
• Ngo-2015-Linux 4.0-kwakhutshwa, inani lezinto ze-git kwindawo yokugcina izinto lifikelele kwizigidi ezi-4.
• Ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2019 -Linux 5.0: Indawo yokugcina ifikelele kwinqanaba le-6,5 yezigidi zegit.
• Nge-Agasti 2020 -Linux 5.8: yayiyeyona inkulu ngokwenani lotshintsho lwazo zonke iinkozo ngexesha lobomi beprojekthi.