En los amanqaku angaphambili siye sabukela njengoko uphando lwe-AI lusuka kwi-frivolity yokuzama ukuxelela umntu kumatshini okanye ukulinganisa uyilo lwengqondo ukuya kwisoftware elinganisa inkqubo yokucinga.
Ukuba ukuqhubela phambili kokuqala kwavela kwiifiziksi, iingcali zebhayoloji, i-physiologists kunye nezibalo, umtsi omkhulu olandelayo uya kuvela kwindawo engalindelekanga, inzululwazi yezopolitiko.
USimon kunye nengqiqo
Ukuba ufunde uLawulo lwezoShishino kuya kufuneka ukuba ubambe incwadi enamafutha ebizwa ukuziphatha kulawulo. Kuba iqhelekile ukuba lubhalografi yogqatso, yincwadi eluncedo kakhulu kwaye inomdla, nangona ixinene.
Umbhali linene wayeya kufumana iBhaso leNobel kuQoqosho ngokuchasa eyona mfundiso ithandwayo yeNzululwazi yezoQoqosho. Leyo yomthengi onengqiqo.
Uthweswe isidanga kwiSayensi yezoPolitiko umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukufunda ngolawulo lukamasipala kwaye emva kwexesha elifutshane kwibhodi yolawulo ye-Marshall Plan, uye waseka kwaye wafundisa kwinkqubo yoLawulo lwezoShishino eyaziwa ngokuba yiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie Mellon.
Iyintoni ingongoma efanayo phakathi kwamagosa kunye nobukrelekrele beArtificial Intelligence? Inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo.
Iingcali zoqoqosho zamandulo zihlala ziqinisekisa ukuba singabenzi bezigqibo abanengqondo. Ngamanye amazwi, phambi kothotho lwezinye iindlela, oosomashishini okanye abathengi, siya kukhetha ukhetho olwandisa iinzuzo okanye olucutha iindleko kakhulu. Isiphelo soku kukuba sinikwe uluhlu olufanayo lwezinye iindlela kunye neemeko siya kwenza isigqibo esifanayo sonke.
USimon wabujongela phantsi ubungako boku kucingelwa ukuba sengqiqweni. Wema ngelithi umenzi wesigqibo akaze acinge ngazo zonke ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo kwaye asingabo bonke abasebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo xa sizivavanya. Into esiyenzayo kukusebenzisa indlela efanayo kuzo zonke iingxaki ngokungathi yiresiphi yokupheka. Oko kwakusisiseko se-heuristics okanye inkqubo esekelwe kumgaqo.
Elinye igalelo likaSimon elamkelwa yiArtificial Intelligence Kukwahlulwa kweenjongo zibe ngamanqaku amancinci. Ukufikelela usukelo olungaphantsi kwenza kube lula ukufikelela usukelo olupheleleyo.
Isoftware yokuqala yeArtificial Intelligence
Ngoncedo luka-Allen Newell, owaphumelela kwiFiziksi, kunye noC Shaw, ingcaphephe eguqule inkqubo yekhompyuter, USimon waqala uphuhliso lwe-Logic Theorist, ethathwa njengenkqubo yokuqala yobuNhloli boBukrelekrele kwimbali.
Nangona injongo yantlandlolo yayikukuba le nkqubo isombulule ichess okanye iingxaki zejometri, ekugqibeleni bayisebenzisa ukusombulula iithiyori zencwadi eyaziwayo yeMathematika. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nomatshini weTuring, injongo yayingekokucombulula iingxaki zemathematika kodwa yayikukuxelisa indlela abantu abasebenzisa i-heuristics ekhethiweyo bamisela inyathelo elilandelayo. into ababefanele bayenze.
Uphendlo lwempendulo echanekileyo lunokubonakaliswa ngokwemizobo njengesakhiwo esifana nomthi.. Le grafu yaziwa ngokuba ngumthi wokukhangela.
Kwingcambu yomthi wokukhangela i-hypothesis yokuqala. Amasebe avela kwingcambu apho iinguqu ze-hypothesis yokuqala zikhoyo, ezisisiphumo sokusebenzisa imigaqo yengqiqo kuyo. Ezinye ii-manipulations zisetyenziswa kwisebe ngalinye, ukuvelisa ama-sub-branch. Inkqubo iyaphindwa de kufikelelwe kwisigqibo esifunwayo.
Injongo yenkqubo kaSimon namaqabane akhe yayingebubo ubungqina bale theory kodwa yayikukufumana indlela eya kukhokelela kobo bungqina.. Isicelo sihlolisise umthi ngokwemigaqo ethile esetwe kwangaphambili ukufumana isebe elinokuthi likhokelela kwisiphumo esichanekileyo. Waqhubeka ephindaphinda inkqubo de wayifumana indlela efanelekileyo.
Ukuba iinzame zokuqala kwi-Artificial Intelligence zazisecaleni lokulinganisa uyilo lobuchopho, uSimon kunye noogxa bakhe bahamba ngenye indlela. Balinganisa indlela ikhompyutha esebenza ngayo nabantu. Ngaphambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi wokubhala iikhowudi, iqela labafundi elidityaniswe ngumfazi kaSimon nabantwana lafumana amakhadi anemigaqo engaphantsi kunye nemigaqo esengqiqweni echazwe ngesiNgesi kwaye balinganisa indlela yokuziphatha yamacandelo enkqubo.