Kungekudala Iqela labaphandi abasebenzela uGoogle bathi kuya kuba nzima ukunqanda iimpazamo ezinxulumene neSpecter kwixa elizayo, ngaphandle kokuba ii-CPUs zilungiswe kakuhle.
Ngokwabo, iindlela zokunciphisa ezisekwe kwisoftware zizodwa aziyi kwanela. Ukuthintela ukuxhaphazwa kobo buthathaka bezixhobo zehardware, isisombululo sesisombululo esinciphayo esibajonga ubukhulu becala njengengaphelelanga.
Malunga ne-Spectrum
Kufuneka siyikhumbule loo nto Ngombulelo kuGoogle ukuba siyazi ukuba sesichengeni esibalulekileyo esichaphazela iichips zale mihla kwaye mhlawumbi yonke imveliso ye-semiconductor, zichaphazela ikakhulu i-86-bit Intel x64 CPUs.
Kodwa ezi ziphene Zikwachaphazela ii-processor ngokusekwe kuyilo lwe-ARM (Isamsung, iQualcomm, iMediaTek, iApple, iHuawei, njl.njl.) Ukuyaewe njengoyilo lwe-CPU ephuhliswe yi-IBM kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci kwiiprosesa ze-AMD.
I-Specter ihambelana nezinto ezimbini zokuqala ezahlukileyo: 1 (Boundary Check Bypass) kunye ne-2 (Branch Bypass Injection) Obu bungozi bufunyenwe yinkampani ye-Mountain View kwaye yavezwa kwiintlobo ezithile zohlaselo olunxulumene noko.
Isikhangeli sisaphula umqobo phakathi kwezicelo kwaye ivumela umhlaseli ukuba afumane ulwazi olufihlakeleyo ngasese. kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, nokuba zikhuselekile.
Tyhila umngxunya omnye ukogquma omnye
Abaphandi bakaGoogle bafumanise que Ukuphela kwexesha lokugcinwa kwedatha yeprosesa kunokusetyenziswa gwenxa ukufumana ulwazi ngokungekho semthethweni kwikhompyuter.
Eli nqaku lisetyenziswa ngabaprosesa banamhlanje ukuphucula ukusebenza, kodwa kunokubangela neengxaki ezinkulu zokhuseleko.
Abaphandi bakaGoogle Bakwazile ukubonisa ukuba abahlaseli bangalisebenzisa eli nqaku (ekwabizwa ngokuba kukwenziwa kwengqikelelo) ukuxhaphaza iinkqubo zenqanaba lomsebenzisi ngokudlula kwiMMU kunye nokufunda imixholo yememori kernel.
Ikhompyuter ebifanele ukuba ingafikeleleki kubo. Le ngxaki zizinto eziphathekayo, oko kukuthi, ibhekisa kwiichipsi ezingenakulungiswa kwakhona Bekungayi kubakho kwenzeka ukuba usebenzise isicatshulwa ngokusebenzisa i-microcode ukulungisa konke okwahlukeneyo kwezokhuseleko ezichazwe kwezi nyanga zili-14 zidlulileyo, ngakumbi ubungozi beSpecter.
Ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokufanelekileyo, Kuya kuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa indlela yokuzahlula itafile yeemephu okanye ukuyila iiprosesa ezintsha ngobugcisa obuhlaziyiweyo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ku uxwebhu olusasazwa yiArXivAbaphandi kwinkxaso-mali yeAlfabhethi ngoku baqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiprosesa ezixhasa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezizenzekelayo zihlala zichaphazeleka kuhlaselo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okunciphisa anokufunyanwa kwixesha elizayo.
Oku kusilela kufuneka kulungiswe ngazo zonke iindleko
Ngokwabo, Ukulungisa ngokwenyani zonke ii-bugs ezinxulumene neSpecter kunye nesoyikiso abayenzayo, abayili be-CPU kufuneka bazame Ngokubonelela ngobuchule obutsha bezinto zabo ezincinci.
I-Intel ithe izakubandakanya ukulungiswa kwehardware yeebugs yentsimbi ethile kunye neyaziwayo kwiichips zayo ezizayo.
Ingxaki, ngokutsho kwabaphandi bakaGoogle, kukuba lIibugs ezinxulumene nesiphawuli zithathwa njengeklasi epheleleyo kwaye, ukongeza, ukuba semngciphekweni okunxulumene nokwenza intelekelelo kuthanda uhlaselo lwecala.
Abaphandi bakaGoogle Bacebise izisombululo ezininzi ezinokubakho, Oku kubandakanya ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kokusebenza kokuqagela, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokulibaziseka kwaye ekugqibeleni "ukufihla".
Abaphandi bakaGoogle Bakwachaze ukuba la manyathelo okunciphisa awanangxaki kunye nokuba izohlwayo zomsebenzi ziya kusebenza xa ziphunyeziwe.
Ekugqibeleni ba Baqukumbele besithi uSpecter angalifanela igama lakhenjengoko kubonakala ngathi imiselwe ukusikhathaza ixesha elide.
Eyona nto igxininisa into yokuba kudala sigxile ekusebenzeni kunye nobunzima ngenkcitho yezokhuseleko.
Ingabonakala iyisidenge le ndiyicingayo, kodwa ayingomlinganiso olungileyo wokuphinda wenze kwakhona iiprosesa ezingama-32 kusetyenziso oluthile?
Enkosi ngezimvo. Ayisiyonto engenangqondo ukuba unendawo elungileyo. Ingxaki kolu lwakhiwo yimida enayo kwaye enye yazo kukusingathwa kwe-RAM, kuba njengoko usazi ukuba ayinakwenza ngaphezulu kwe-4 GB kuphela kwaye namhlanje namabango oluntu "olunokubona" alusebenzi .
I-4 GB ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-PAE, endicinga ukuba inokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ingxaki kukuba iqonga le-32-bit nalo lonakalisiwe. Ayongxaki yeqonga, yingxaki yokuhambisa ukuphucula ukusebenza.
Njengoko kunokufundwa kwinqaku:
Ukuphela kwexesha lokugcinwa kwedatha kwiprosesa kunokusetyenziswa gwenxa ukufumana ulwazi ngokungekho semthethweni kwikhompyuter.
Eli nqaku lisetyenziswa ngabaprosesa banamhlanje ukuphucula ukusebenza, kodwa kunokubangela neengxaki ezinkulu zokhuseleko.
Enkosi ngengcaciso. Ndiqonde ukuba ayichaphazeli iX32