igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokungcola: imiyalelo emibini ekufuneka uyazi

Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iitutorials zijolise ekucaciseni imiyalelo engaqhelekanga kwaye engaqhelekanga, kwelinye icala, kukho ezinye ezibandakanya ulwabiwo lwe-serial kwaye azithandwa njenge-cd, i-ls, ikati, njl.njl. Kule tutorial ndiza kukubonisa into enokwenziwa ngale miyalelo mibini: basename kwaye undixelele.

Mhlawumbi i-priori zibonakala zingenangqondo kuwe kwaye zingenamsebenzi, kodwa zinayo usetyenziso olusebenzayo kwezinye iimeko, ezinje, umzekelo, kwizikripthi apho kuye kufuneke ukukhupha indawo ethile yendlela, njengegama lefayile okanye isikhombisi ukuze omnye umthetho usebenze koku ...

Zenzelwe ntoni

Le miyalelo ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye imisebenzi yayo Zizo:

• igama lesiseko: isetyenziselwa ukukhupha igama lefayile kwindlela.
• igama lomsebenzisi: isetyenziselwa ukukhupha igama lomkhombandlela kwindlela.

Imizekelo yokusebenzisa

Apha ungabona ezinye imizekelo uzisebenzisa njani:

• Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa igama lesiseko nge / njl / passwd, kwaye ibuyisa igama lefayile kwimveliso yayo, kule meko ipasile:

basename /etc/passwd

• Ungakhankanya ulwandiso ukuze ikunike igama lefayile ngaphandle kolwandiso. Umzekelo, masithi ufuna ukukhupha igama lomfanekiso /home/media/test.jpg ngaphandle kolwandiso lwe jpg (luza kubuya vavanyo):

basename -s .jpg /home/media/prueba.jpg

• Unako yenza iindlela ezininzi ngaxeshanye ngokwahlukeneyo, oku kuya kufuneka usebenzise -ukhetho:

basename -a /etc/passwd /var/log/boot.log

• Ukwenza okwahlukileyo, kwaye unike igama lesikhombisi, ngaphandle kwegama lefayile, kuya kufuneka usebenzise igama lomsebenzisi. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuyisebenzisa kwindlela /var/spool/mail/test.txt kwaye uyibuyise / var / spool / imeyile, emva koko sebenzisa:

dirname /var/spool/mail/prueba.txt

Ngokubhekisele kwi eluncedo kwiskripthi, nanku omnye umzekelo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba unesikripthi esilula, kwaye kukho indlela eyahlukileyo. Kodwa ufuna ukuba ibonise isikhombisi esinefayile, nokuba yeyiphi na ifayile, kwimeko apho unokuba nento efana nale:

pathname="/home/usuario/data/fichero"

result=$(dirname "$pathname")

echo $result

Ngokucacileyo, kwesi skripthi "igama lendlela" liya kuhlala liyinto enye ebhengezwe sisisiqalo ekuqaleni, kodwa kusenokubakho iimeko ezingekhoyo, kwaye kulapho iba yinto esebenzayo. Umzekelo:

/*script para convertir una imagen gif en png*/

#!/bin/sh
for file in *.gif;do
    #Salir si no hay ficheros
    if [! -f $file];then
        exit
    fi
    b='basename $file .gif'
    echo NOW $b.gif is $b.png
    giftopnm $b.gif | pnmtopng >$b.png
done