Ventoy: yenza i-USB ebhobokileyo ngokurhuqa i-ISO kwisithuba

Xa sifuna ukuvavanya okanye ukufaka usasazo lweLinux, uninzi lwethu lwenza i-USB ebukhoma okanye ukufakela i-USB. Zininzi isoftware ukuyenza (njenge Etcher o Rufus) kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza, kodwa bambalwa ukuba zikhona ezikhethekileyo njenge kunomoya ukuba ndizifumene ngokwam kule veki ndibulela ibhlog Ukuphakanyiswa kweLinux. Ukongeza ekunikeni ingxelo yobukho bayo, umndilili usinika lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukufaka isixhobo kwiLinux (kwaye apho bakwathetha ngohlobo lweWindows).

Kodwa yintoni eyenza iVentoy ikhetheke? Ewe xa sele ifakiwe (ifakiwe kwi-pendrive) kwaye oku kubalulekile ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo kuba kuya kufuneka uhambe nge-terminal ukuyenza, ukwenza i-USB ekhuphayo kulula njengokutsala i-ISO yenkqubo yokusebenza ehambelanayo. kwisigqibo sethu. Yintoni engcono, singabeka imifanekiso emininzi ye-ISOKe i-USB inye ingasetyenziselwa ukufaka Ubuntu, iManjaro okanye neWindows.

Izinto eziluncedo ezibonelelwa nguVentoy

• Sinokongeza ii-ISO ezininzi kwipendrive efanayo. Xa sidibanisa ngaphezulu kwesinye, xa siqala kwi-USB siza kubona imenyu eya kusivumela ukuba sikhethe ukuba yeyiphi i-ISO emasiqale kuyo.
• Ifumaneka ngeWindows, kodwa nakwiLinux.
• Kubandakanya ujongano lomzobo, kodwa kwiWindows kuphela. Abasebenzisi beLinux kufuneka basebenzise i-terminal njengoko siza kuchaza kamva.
• I-USB inokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa njengesiqhelo, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokugcina amaxwebhu kwindawo yasimahla. Ukuba sifuna indawo engaphezulu, kuya kufuneka sicoce enye okanye nangaphezulu yemifanekiso eyongeziweyo.
• Inkxaso "yelifa" kunye ne "UEFI Safe Boot".
• Isebenza ngemifanekiso engaphezu kwama-260, kubandakanya ezaziwayo njenge-Debian / Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Windows 7-10, kunye nezinye ezingathandwayo njenge-ALT Linux.
• Ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa (gcina utshintsho).
• Ukuzifaka ngokwakho, okuza kusebenza kwiinkqubo ezixhaswayo.
• Iifayile zokuqala zeWIM ziyaxhaswa.
• Ixhasa imifanekiso ye-ISO emikhulu kune-4GB.
• Ukubakho kokuhlaziya ukufakwa kweVentoy (esikukhumbulayo kwenziwa kwipendrive) ngaphandle kokufomatha.

Ungasifaka njani isixhobo esivela kwiLinux

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba le bhlog imalunga neLinux (nangona iintshaba kufuneka zikhunjuzwe ukuba ngamanye amaxesha sibhala ngezinye izihloko ngezizathu zomdla ngokubanzi, ekuphela kwento esiza kuyithetha malunga Inguqulelo yeWindows kukuba ibandakanya ujongano lomzobo Intuitive kakhulu. Emva koko, siza kuchaza indlela yokufaka iVentoy kwisithuba esivela kwiLinux, kwaye ngokwam ndiyabulela ukuVukelwa kweLinux ngomsebenzi owenziweyo nelisekwe kulo eli nqaku:

1. Sikhuphela ifayile yeLinux ukusuka kwifayile ye- iphepha lokukhuphela. Ngexesha lokubhala eli nqaku, ingxelo efumanekayo yi-ventoy-1.0.12-linux.tar.gz kunye nekhonkco ngqo ekukhutshelweni kwayo enye.
2. Sikhupha ifayile ye-tar.gz ekhutshelwe kwisinyathelo esedlule. Ukuba awuzenzi utshintsho kwixa elizayo, ngoku sifumana iifolda ezintathu kunye neempendulo ezimbini. Eyokuqala yiVentoy2Disk.sh, eya kuthi ifake isixhobo kwi-USB, kwaye eyesibini yi-CreatePersistentImg.sh, eya kuthi yenza umfanekiso oqhubekayo.
3. Ngoku kufuneka sichonge igama lesixhobo se-USB. Ukwenza oku, siyayiqhagamshela kwikhompyuter kwaye sibhale lo myalelo ulandelayo:

sudo parted -l

4. Wakuba ungenisiwe umyalelo wangaphambili, uyakusibonisa iidiski kunye nezahlulo eziqhotyoshelwe kwikhompyuter, kubandakanya ne-USB. Kuya kufuneka sifumanise ukuba yintoni. Eyona nto intle yokwenza izinto lula kukuba inye kuphela edibeneyo, enye esifuna ukuyisebenzisa. Iziphumo ezinokubakho ziya kuba / dev / sdd. Ukuba kukho izahlulelo, kuya kubakho amanani emva kwawo, anje nge / dev / sdd1 okanye / dev / sdd2.
5. Okulandelayo kuya kufuneka sehlise izahlulelo ngalo myalelo, apho kufuneka sithathe indawo ye "sdXN" ngezahlulelo zethu ukuze sinciphise Kumzekelo ongentla kufuneka ubhale emva komyalelo (kanye ngesahlulelo) / dev / sdd1 kunye / dev / sdd2:

sudo umount /dev/sdXN

Ukufaka isoftware

6. Ngoku lifikile ixesha lokufaka iVentoy, kodwa hayi ngaphambi kokulumkisa ukuba, njengesiqhelo xa siza kusebenzisa ipendrive kwezi zinto, LONKE IINKCUKACHA ZIYA KULAHLEKA. Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka sivule i-terminal kwaye sihambe siye kwindlela esivelise kuyo iVentoy.
7. Ukufaka i-Ventoy kwi-USB drive siza kuyisebenzisa le miyalelo (sikhumbula ukutshintsha i-X kwileta yegama efunyenwe kwinyathelo 4):
   • Ngaphandle kweBoot ekhuselekileyo:

sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i /dev/sdX

• • NgeBoot ekhuselekileyo:

sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i -s /dev/sdX

8. Iya kusibuza ukuba ngaba igama le-USB lichanekile kwaye kuya kufuneka siqinisekise ngoonobumba «y», emva koko ucofe u-Enter.

Kwaye iya kuba kuphela. Ngoku singarhuqa i-ISO iyunithi kwaye siqale kule ilungele thina.

Uyenza njani i-USB esebenzayo kunye nokugcina okungapheliyo kunye neVentoy

Ukuba into esifuna ukuyenza kukugcina i-USB ngokungagungqi, ukongeza kumanyathelo angaphambili ekufuneka siwenzile:

1. Siphinda sivule i-terminal.
2. Sihambisa kwifolda apho sizikhuphile khona iifayile, apho izikripthi kunye nolwandiso lwe .sh.
3. Kwindlela echanekileyo, sibhala lo myalelo, oya kudala umfanekiso we-4GB EXT4. Ukuba sifuna ukuba indawo eqhubekayo ibe nkulu, kufuneka sonyuse inani elingu-4096 (elili-1024MB -1GB liphindaphindwe ngo-4)

sudo ./CreatePersistentImg.sh -s 4096

4. Ifayile eyenziweyo iya kubizwa ngokuba yi "persistence.img" kwaye kufuneka ifumaneke kwifolda yeVentoy. Siqhagamshela i-pendrive apho sifake khona iVentoy kwaye sikope "ifayile" engapheliyo "kwi-USB drive.
5. Ngoku kuza icandelo lobuchwephesha ngakumbi. Kuya kufuneka senze ubumbeko lwejson lweVentoy equkethe iindlela zomfanekiso we-ISO kunye neefayile ezingapheliyo. Kwi-USB apho sifake khona isixhobo, senza ifolda ebizwa ngokuba yi "ventoy", ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa.
6. Ngaphakathi kule folda senza ifayile ebizwa ngokuba yi "ventoy.json", nayo ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa.
7. Sivula le fayile ngomhleli wokubhaliweyo ocacileyo kwaye uncamathisele oku kulandelayo:

{
    "persistence" : [
        {
            "image": "/ISO-file-name.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence.img"
        }
    ]
}

Ukusuka apha ngasentla kufuneka sitshintshe "i-ISO-fayile-igama.iso" ngegama le-ISO (kunye neendlela ukuba azikho kwingcambu ye-USB) kunye ne "persistence.img" ngegama lefayile yomfanekiso kwaye path, ukuba sitshintshe igama kwaye alikho kwingcambu ye-USB.

Umzekelo wendlela ekujongeka ngayo ukuba songeze ii-ISO ezininzi kuya kuba zezi zilandelayo:

{
    "persistence" : [
        {
            "image": "/ISO-file-name.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence-ubuntu-20.04.img"
        },    
        {
            "image": "/linuxmint-19.3-xfce-64bit.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence-linux-mint-19.3.img"
        }
    ]
}

Kwaye iya kuba kuphela. Kucacile ukuba, ubuncinci kuhlobo lweLinux, izinto ziba nzima, kodwa Ndicinga ukuba kuya kulunga xa singarhuqa ii-ISOs ukwenza ufakelo lwee-USB kwaye sizisebenzise nokugcina okungapheliyo.

Iphepha elisemthethweni leprojekthi.