I-LVM: dibanisa iidrive ezinzima ngokungathi bezinye kuphela

I-GNU Linux ixhaphake kakhulu, akukho mntu uyathandabuzayo. Kodwa mhlawumbi abanye abasebenzisi abazazi ezinye izixhobo okanye amathuba asinika wona kwaye anokuqhuba umhla wethu wosuku okanye benze izinto ezintle. Kule nqaku Siza kuthetha nge-LVM (Umphathi weVolumu yoLwazi), Isixhobo esathi, nangona singazange sidalelwe iLinux, kamva sathunyelwa kwaye ngoku abasebenzisi beLinux banokonwabela amathuba.

I-LVM ngumphathi wevolumu enengqiqo njengoko igama layo libonisa, ekuqaleni yayingu cYenziwe nguHeinz Mauelshagen ngo-1998 yenkqubo yokusebenza ye-HP-UXI-HP UNIX. Kodwa kamva iya kuphunyezwa kwi-Linux kernel. Ngayo unokukhulisa ubungakanani bamaqela asengqiqweni, kunye neevolontiya ezinengqiqo, iifoto zokufunda kuphela, lawula i-RAID, njl. Kodwa inqaku elinomdla kweli nqaku kukudibanisa ukuqhuba okunzima.

I-LVM "ingabona" ​​amaqela ediski kunye nezahlulelo xa zizonke endaweni yokuphatha iindawo ezininzi ezizimeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sinokuthi sijoyine izahlulelo ezininzi njengenye, sandise izahlulelo ezithile kwezinye iidiski zomzimba ezahlukeneyo, sidlale ngeediski ezininzi kwimowudi yeRAID, yongeza "kushushu" okanye "kutshintshise okutshisayo" kwimoto enzima, ngaphandle kokulibala umsebenzi we "snapshot" ukwenza i-backups .

Ungakwenza njani oku? Ewe, ngokusisiseko enkosi ekusingatheni iikhonsepthi ezintathu:

• PV (IVolumu yomzimba): yimiqulu ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi, ukuqhuba kanzima okanye izahlulo zekhompyuter.
• VG (Iqela leVolumu): iqela levolumu, yindawo apho iiPVs kunye neeVL zidibana khona.
• I-LV (Umqulu oLungelelanisiweyo)Imiqulu enengqiqo okanye izixhobo apho iinkqubo zefayile okanye i-FS zinokwenziwa.

Ukusebenza ne-LVM, sinokusebenza kwisiphelo sendlela ngezixhobo ezintathu eziphambili:

• yenza i-pvcrere: Unokwenza imiqulu ebonakalayo ngokujoyina ii-drive ezahlukeneyo okanye izahlulelo. Umzekelo, masijoyine isahlulelo / dev / sda3 kunye / dev / sdb1:

pvcreate /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1

• vgcreate: Unokwenza amaqela evolumu, oko kukuthi, izahlulelo okanye iidiski ezibonakalayo zeqela. Umzekelo, ukwenza iqela elibizwa ngokuba "yidatha":

vgcreate datos /dev/sdb1

• lvcrere: ichaza imiqulu enengqiqo eya kuba ngaphakathi kweqela. Umzekelo, cinga ukuba ufuna ukwenza ivolumu ebizwa ngokuba "yintsha" kwiqela "ledatha" kunye ne-8GB ngokobukhulu:

lvcreate --name nuevo --size 8G datos

Makhe sibone umzekelo osebenzayoKhawufane ucinge ukuba unekhompyuter ene-x GB hard drive kwaye uthatha isigqibo sokwandisa amandla ngokufaka enye i-hard drive. Kwimeko apho, inkqubo yokusebenza iyiphatha njengaleyo, enye i-hard drive entsha apho kufuneka wenze enye okanye ngaphezulu izahlulelo kuyo ukuze uyisebenzise. Ndiza kucacisa ngakumbi, cinga ukuba i-hard drive yakho iyi-120GB kuqala kwaye unothotho lwezahlulelo, kubandakanya / ikhaya elihlala kwi-80GB yezo 120 kwaye ibizwa / dev / sda3, apho / dev / sda1 yi isahlulo seengcambu / kunye / dev / sda2 i-SWAP ...

Ngoku ufumana i-hard drive yakho entsha ene-500GB (/ dev / sdb1) yendawo eyongezelelweyo, kodwa endaweni yokwenza elinye isahlulelo, ufuna ukuba ikhaya lakho libe ne-580GB. Oku kunokwenzeka nge-LVM, ukwenza / dev / sda kunye / dev / sdb be ijongwa yinkqubo yokusebenza njengesixhobo esinye, isahlulelo esinye esime ngokwasemzimbeni kwiidrive ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye oku kunokwenzeka kuphela kwizinto ezininzi ezivumela i-LVM kwaye iya kwenziwa ngoluhlobo:

-Ngaphambi kwento nantoni na, YENZA IBHAYIBHILE IKOPI YASEKHAYA / YASEKHAYA, NJENGOKO IZAKWENZIWA

sudo -i

unmount /dev/sda3

unmount /dev/sdb1

vgcreate lvm /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1

modprobe dm-mod

lvcreate -n home -l 100% VG lvm

mkfs.ext4 /dev/lvm/home

mount /dev/lvm/home /home

Konke okuseleyo kukuhlela ifayile ye / etc / fstab Ke sukuyinyusa i-pratitions / dev / sda3 kunye / dev / sdb1 kwisiqalo senkqubo, ukusilela oko, mount / dev / lvm / home / home. Ukuba sichwetheza oku kulandelayo (sebenzisa gedit, nano okanye nawuphi na umhleli wokubhaliweyo owufunayo ...):

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Sibona umxholo wokuwuhlela, Siza kubona ukuba kukho izimvo # kunye neminye imigca yokunyusa izahlulelo esinazo ngoku kwi-distro yethu. Lumka, izithuba azizizo iindawo eziqhelekileyo, xa uhlela, sebenzisa i-TAB ukubeka umxholo! Uya kubona ukuba ungabeka into efana ne-UUID = XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX, kodwa ungayifaka le gibberish ye / dev / sdx ngaphandle kweengxaki ... Oko kukuthi, ngegama lokwahlula njengoko kunjalo. Kwimeko yethu kuya kufuneka ususe (okanye ngcono kunokucima, beka # ekuqaleni komgca ukwenza uluvo, ke ukuba kukho ingxaki okanye ayisebenzi, sinokuhlela i-fstab kwaye simane sicime umgca wethu omtsha kwaye sisuse # ukubuyela ngaphambili uqwalaselo ...Imigca emibini ehambelana ne / dev / sda3 kunye / dev / sdb1 kwaye yongeza:

/ dev / lvm / ikhaya / ikhaya ext4 yokungagqibeki 0 1

Qala kabusha kwaye ngoku siza kuba nekhaya le-580GB, ukujoyina ii-drive ezinzima ngokungathi zazinye kuphela. Ewe unokutshintsha iiparameter ngokokuthanda kwakho, sebenzisa izahlulelo ozifunayo, i-FS oyifunayo (apha sisebenzise i-EXT4, kodwa ungasebenzisa nantoni na oyifunayo), njl. Nceda ushiye imiyalezo yakho, imibuzo, izimvo, njl..