Ihlabathi lasimahla: ii-SIM khadi, i-Intanethi eziselfowuni kunye neefowuni zamanye amazwe

Oku kungangabonakali njengenqaku elifanelekileyo kule bhlog, kodwa ngoku uza kubona indlela i-Intanethi I-4G, i-intanethi engenazingcingo, iifowuni zamanye amazwe, ii-SIM khadi Kwaye ii-smartphones zinento yokwenza nomhlaba wasimahla okanye ovulekileyo. Kule posi siza kuzama ukukwazisa kobunye ubuso bobu buchwephesha, ubuso obuvulekileyo kunye nolunye uhlobo abanalo kodwa ongabaziyo kwanentengiso.

Ngamafutshane, izihloko esiza kujongana nazo zibaluleke kakhulu namhlanje, kuba zonke zisikhokelela kuzo Nxibelelana kuluntu lwethu. Kungenxa yoko le nto apha siza kuthetha ngezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokukunceda uphucule ubumfihlo bakho kwaye ufunde kunye neeprojekthi zemithombo evulekileyo enomdla ...

I-Intanethi ye-4G / LTE:

Eyokuqala yile Cacisa ukuba yintoni le 4G siva ntoni. Ibhekisa kwisizukulwana sesine sobuchwephesha beselfowuni obusekwe kwi-IP protocol, eyandulela i-5G kunye nomlandeli we-3G. Ichazwe yikomiti ye-ITU, njengazo zonke iiteknoloji zolu hlobo, ukuqikelela isantya sedatha (i-100Mbit / s yokuhamba kunye ne-1Gbit / s ngokungasebenzi) kunye nokufunda itekhnoloji yomgqatswa eya kuthi ibhalwe njenge-4G.

Elinye igama osenokuba ulivile lelithi I-LTE (ukuvela kwexesha elide), ngokomzekelo uya kuba uzibonile iilebhile ezinje nge-4G LTE. I-LTE ngumgaqo olandelwayo phantsi komgangatho weqela le-3GPP kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unokudideka, kodwa siza kuchaza umahluko. Ukubeka ngokulula, i-LTE yongeza isantya kwinethiwekhi ene "uhlaziyo." Umzekelo, inethiwekhi ye-4G inokuba nesantya sokukhuphela malunga ne-80Mbps ngelixa i-LTE idityaniswe kwi-4G, emva koko sinokunyuka siye kwi-300Mbps yokukhuphela kudidi lwe-LTE.

Ngoku ukuba sazi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ukuba yeyiphi ikota nganye, siza kuthetha ngezinye izixhobo okanye isoftware evulekileyo yokusebenzisa ubuchwephesha. Umzekelo ngu I-OpenLTE, ukumiliselwa okuvulekileyo kokucaciswa kwe3GPP LTE ukusebenza ngeempawu zeLTE ngokusekwe kwenye iprojekti yasimahla ebizwa ngokuba yiGNU Radio. Ngale ndlela siya kuba nonxibelelwano oluvulekileyo ngakumbi lwe-LTE kubuleki be-openLTE, u-Fabrice Bellard (onokuthi umazi ukuba wenze ezinye iiprojekthi ezinje ngefmpmpeg, i-QEMU, umatshini obonakalayo weLinux kwiJavacript, njl.

Kwabo bangaziyo Irediyo yeGNU, ukutsho ukuba sisixhobo esivulekileyo esibonelela ngeebhloko zokuqhubekeka kweempawu ukumilisela iinkqubo zerediyo yesoftware. Ngesixhobo esifanelekileyo seRF (iRadio Frequency), unokusebenzisa inkqubo yonxibelelwano esebenzayo okanye usebenzise iRadio ye-GNU ukwenza umdlalo wonxibelelwano. I-Radio ye-GNU isebenzisa i-USRP (i-Universal Software Radio Peripheral) njenge-transceiver yekhompyuter ene-A / D, D / A abaguquli, njl.

I-Intanethi engenazingcingo (ngaphandle kwamacingo):

Ngaphandle kwabaqhubi bamakhadi omnatha ovulekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezingenazingcingo, zikwakhona nezinye iiprojekthi ezinomdla. OpenWire.org ngumzekelo wentshukumo ejolise ekwenzeni ikamva le-Intanethi evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo kuyo yonke indawo. Into efana naleyo yingqondi uElon Musk (umyili wePayPal, iSpaceX, uTesla Motros, njl. Unokuba nomdla kwezinye iiwebhusayithi ezinje MyopenRouter.com, apho uza kufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nee-routers kunye ne-firmware.

Kwaye asinakulibala iiprojekthi ezinkulu ezinje Indawo evulekileyo, ekuvumela ukuba wenze kwaye uhambise iinethiwekhi ze-WiFI ezingabizi kwaye zilula. Yiyo loo nto, umzekelo, sinokwandisa indawo yethu yokugubungela ngaphandle kwamacingo ngokwenza ukuba ukufikelela kwiindawo ezikhoyo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba linomdla kubume basekhaya nakwishishini, kunye nokuguquguquka kunye neendleko zokonga ezivula iiprojekthi.

Kwakhona ungalibali I-OpenWrtI-Linux distro yezixhobo zenethiwekhi ezinje ngee-routers (nakwii-P2P node, iifayile zefayile, iiseva zeWebcam, i-firewall kunye ne-VPN gateways). IiRouters zifana neekhompyuter ezincinci ezinikezelwe ukulawula ukugcwala kwenethiwekhi, ke kufuneka izinto ezinje nge-microprocessor, imemori, i-O / O, kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza efakwe ngaphakathi. Ngaphantsi kwelayisensi ye-GPL, yaphakanyiswa ukuze abavelisi bee-routers bakhuphe iikhowudi zabo kwaye kancinci kancinci ikhule yaba yingcali.

I-OpenWISP lelinye iqonga elivulekileyo lokuphumeza inkonzo epheleleyo ye-WiFi. Ukwenza oku, i-OpenWISP sisoftware epheleleyo ebandakanya ii -apps eziphambili ze-5, kunye nabaqhubi, ezivela kwezo zisetyenziswa e-Itali nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zikawonke-wonke ze-WiFi. Unokuba nomdla wokwazi ngakumbi nge-OpenWISP enje nge-OpenWUMS, i-OpenWM kunye ne-OpenWF, i-OpenWRT, i-OpenWGM, i-OpenWCPM kunye ne-OpenWMW.

Iifowuni zamanye amazwe

Akukho mfuneko yokuchaza ukuba yintoni iminxeba yamanye amazwe, kodwa ndingathanda ukucacisa into malunga neVoIP. Uninzi lwenu sele niyazi kakuhle le teknoloji kakuhle, kodwa kwabo bangayaziyo, IVoIP (Ilizwi ngaphezulu kwe-IP) Siseti yezixhobo zokufowuna ngelizwi kwi-Intanethi ngaphezulu kweprotocol ye-IP. Oko kukuthi, ilizwi liya kuhamba ngohlobo lweepakethi zedatha yedijithali endaweni yokwenza ngendlela ye-analog njengakwiimfonomfono eziqhelekileyo, kwaye endaweni yokwenza kunethiwekhi yomnxeba, iyakwenza njalo kwi-Intanethi.

I-VoIP ibe ngumphumo wendaleko kunye nentengiso yothungelwano lokulinga olusebenzise kwa obu buchwephesha kwaye yaqanjwa yi-ARPANET ngo-1973. Kodwa akufuneki siyibhidanise i-IP telephony (ixhaphake kakhulu mva nje) neVoIP. Umahluko osisiseko kukuba iVoIP ayifuni iinombolo zefowuni, kodwa IP yomnxebaNangona isebenzisa itekhnoloji yeVoIP, ikwasebenzisa amanani e-E.164.

Ewe, ukwenza iminxeba yesizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe yiVoIPUyazi ukuba zininzi iiprojekthi zemithombo evulekileyo yoku. Kodwa ndingathanda ukuqaqambisa ezimbini zazo: iAntartec kunye neLinphone. Nangona zininzi ezinye iLinux. Ukhululekile ukusebenzisa nantoni na oyifunayo. Khumbula ukuba iMicrosoft Skype nayo iyafumaneka, nangona ndikhetha ezinye iindlela zasimahla ezinje Uvelwano, i-Ekiga, i-KDE iSoftware, Njl

Ii-SIM khadi: iingozi kunye nezinye iindlela

Las Amakhadi e-SIM Banokuba nenqaku elahlukileyo lokuthetha ixesha elide ngabo. Kodwa ukuyitsho ukuba i-SIM sisichazi seModyuli yeSazisi soBhaliso. Ikhadi elifumaneka kwi-SIM, i-microSIM, i-nanoSIM kunye neefomathi ze-SIM, kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukugcina "ngokukhuselekileyo" isitshixo senkonzo yomrhumisi ukuzazisa kwinethiwekhi, nangona inokugcina iPIN khowudi kwimemori nakwiinombolo zomnxeba. ukusuka kulawulo lwethu njengoko usenokwazi.

Ngaphambi kokutyhilwa kwamvanje ngu-Edward Snowden kunye nokomeleza ukhuseleko lwayo, uApple wasungula enye indlela, ehlelweyo yeSIM khadi okanye iSIM eSoft yezixhobo zayo, oko kukuthi, iiSIM ezinokurekhodwa kwisoftware kwaye ziphinde zirekhodwe kwakhona nanini na ufuna ngaphandle kokuzitshintsha .

Ewe kunjalo, akufuneki silibale ukuba kukho iiprojekthi zemithombo evulekileyo ejikeleze amakhadi e-SIM. Njengezixhobo zokusebenza ezivulekileyo zokufunda amakhadi e-SIM kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi kunye neArduino, njl. Ukongeza kwezinye iiprojekthi ezinomdla ezinje Vula i-SIM Kit, Ukutshintsha ulwazi lweeSIM khadi kunye nokuguqula ezinye zeendlela zokusebenza kwazo.

Iiprojekthi ze-IoT: i-Intanethi yezinto

Kwaye akunakulunga ukuphelisa eli nqaku ngaphandle kokuthetha nge IoT okanye i-Intanethi yezinto ifashoni kangakanani. Njengoko usazi, utshintsho olusuka kwi-IPv4 luye kwi-IPv6 luzise inani elingenasiphelo le-IPs lisusa umda we-IPv4, ophele ngefashoni apho abavelisi bafuna ukuthatha ithuba lomgodi omtsha ukudibanisa phantse nasiphi na isixhobo kwinethiwekhi, ukusuka Umabonwakude, onxibekayo, isixhobo, iimoto ezixhunyiwe, iithoyi, njl.

Kwaye kweli hlabathi le-IoT zininzi iiprojekthi zemithombo yasimahla nevulekileyo, zombini isoftware kunye nezixhobo. Iiprojekthi ezinje ngeArduino kunye nezinye izinto, kunye neebhodi ze-SBC ezinje ngeRaspberry Pi, ziye zatsibela kwi-IoT bandwagon, kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ezinje nge-mangOH yezixhobo zemithombo evulekileyo ye-IoT, iinkqubo, isoftware, amanyathelo, iziseko , ... Ke ngoko uluhlu apha alunakuphela, kodwa ndingathanda ukuqaqambisa:

• maOH
• kaloku
• sisondele
• Umbala
• Indawo evulekileyo
• Umanyano lweAllSeen
• Vula i-Consortium ye-Interconnect
• QHUBEKA
• eclipse
• OSHWA
• AMQP

Ndiyathemba ukuba uyithandile ubuncinci ukukukhokela kweli hlabathi esilisebenzisa mihla le kodwa asazi kangako, ubuncinci kwicala lam. Naliphi na igalelo, ingcebiso okanye ukugxekwa kuya kwamkeleka. Shiya izimvo zakho ...