Sannad-guurada 29aad "Linux"

Ogast 25, 1991, ka dib shan bilood oo horumar ah arday la yiraahdo "Linus Torvalds" kaasoo waqtigaas jiray 21 sano ogeysiiyey inuu dhisayo nooc ka shaqeeya ah nidaam hawlgal oo cusub, oo loogu talagalay socdaalkii bash 1.08 iyo gcc 1.40 la dhammaystiray.

Waxay qaadatay dhowr maalmood nooca ugu horreeya ee dadweynaha ee kernel in la sii daayo Linux oo la sii daayay Sebtember 17. 0.0.1 kernel ayaa lagu cadaadiyey 62 KB waxaana kujiray kudhowaad 10 kun oo khad oo koodhka ilaha (halka kernelku hada leeyahay in kabadan 28 milyan oo xariiq oo koodh ah).

Kernel-ka Linux waxaa dhiirigeliyay nidaamka hawlgalka ee MINIX, taas oo Linus aysan ka helin liisanka xaddidan. Goor dambe, markii Linux noqotay mashruuc caan ah, naysayers waxay isku dayeen inay Linus ku eedeeyaan inay si toos ah u koobiyeysay koodhka qaar ka mid ah hababka MINIX.

Weerarka waxaa iska caabiyay qoraaga MINIX, Andrew Tanenbaum, oo u wakiishay arday inuu sameeyo isbarbardhig faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan lambarka 'Minix code' oo leh noocyada ugu horreeya ee dadweynaha ee Linux. Natiijooyinka daraasadda waxay muujiyeen jiritaanka kaliya afar ciyaarood oo koodh ah oo laxiriira sababo la xiriira shuruudaha POSIX iyo ANSI C.

Linus asal ahaan waxay ku fakartay inay u yeerto kernel "Freax" bilaash, jabaq iyo X (Unix), laakiin firirku waxaa loogu magac daray "Linux" gacanta fudud ee Ari Lemmke, kaasoo, codsi ka yimid Linus, kernel saaray server-ka FTP ee jaamacadda, isaga oo ku magacaabaya galka faylka aan "freax", sida Torvalds uu codsaday, laakiin "Linux".

Waxaa xusid mudan, William Della Croce (ganacsade) wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu astaan ​​u noqdo Linux oo uu doonayey inuu uruuriyo royalties muddo kadib, laakiin markaa wuu badalay maskaxdiisa wuxuuna u wareejiyey dhamaan xuquuqdii shirkada Linus

Mascot-ka rasmiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'Linux kernel', 'Tux penguin', waxaa lagu xushay tartan la qabtay 1996. Magaca Tux wuxuu u taagan yahay Torvalds UniX.

Ku saabsan taariikhda iniinyahaKuwani waa noocyada ugu muhiimsan taariikhda Linux:

• Laga bilaabo Sebtember 1991 - Linux 0.0.1: Waa noocii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha oo kaliya taageeraya i386 CPU iyo kabaha ka soo baxa diskiga diskiga
• Laga bilaabo Janaayo 1992 - Linux 0.12: koodhku wuxuu bilaabay in lagu qaybiyo liisanka GPLv2;
• Laga bilaabo Maarso 1992 - Linux 0.95- Waxay siisay awood ay ku maamusho Nidaamka Daaqadda X, taageerada xusuusta dalwaddii, iyo kala beddelashada qaybta.
  Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993: shaqada ayaa ka bilaabatay xargaha shabakada. Nidaamka feylka ee 'Ext2 file' ayaa la soo saaray, taageerada qaabka feylka ee ELF ayaa lagu daray, darawalada kaararka codka iyo kormeerayaasha SCSI ayaa la soo saaray.
  Sannadkii 1992-kii ayaa qaybintii ugu horreysay ee SLS iyo Yggdrasil ay muuqatay. Xagaagii 1993, mashruucyada Slackware iyo Debian ayaa la aasaasay.
• Laga bilaabo Maarso 1994 - Linux 1.0: waa nooca ugu horreeya ee si rasmi ah u deggan.
• Laga bilaabo Maarso 1995 - Linux 1.2: wuxuu si aad ah u kordhay tirada darawallada, taageerada aaladaha Alpha, MIPS iyo SPARC, ballaarinta awoodaha isku xirnaanta shabakadda, muuqaalka shaandhada baakadka, taageerada NFS.
• Juun 1996 - Linux 2.0- Wuxuu ku yimaadaa taageerada nidaamyada wax-qabadyada badan.
• Bishii Maarso 1997: Aasaaska LKML, Liistada liistada cinwaanada horumarinta kernel.
• in 1998: Daahfurka cluster-kii ugu horreeyay ee Linux oo ku saleysan Top500, oo ka kooban 68 noodh oo wata Alpha CPUs
• Laga bilaabo Janaayo 1999 - Linux 2.2: horeyba wuxuu u leeyahay nidaam maareyn waxtar leh oo sare xasuusta, ku darey taageerada IPv6, wuxuu hirgeliyey gidaar-xireed cusub, wuxuu soo kordhiyey nidaam-hoosaad dhawaaq cusub;
• Laga bilaabo Febraayo 2001 - Linux 2.6- Taageerada nidaamka 8-processor 64GB RAM, nidaamka faylka Ext3, USB, taageerada ACPI.
• Laga bilaabo Diseembar 2003 - Linux 2.6: wuxuu la yimaadaa taageerada SELinux, aaladaha otomaatigga ah ee kernel, sysfs, nidaamka maareynta xusuusta oo dib loo eegay;
• Sannadkii 2005, ayaa la soo saaray 'Xen hypervisor', iyada oo la adeegsanayo xilligii hufnaanta.
• Bishii Sebtember 2008, noocii ugu horreeyay ee barnaamijka Android ee ku saleysan kernel Linux ayaa la sameeyay.
• Julaay 2011 - dhamaadka laanta 2.6.x: Kadib 10 sano oo horumar ah laanta 2.6.x, u guuritaanka nambarka 3.x ayaa la sameeyay. Tirada walxaha ku jira bakhaarka Git ayaa gaadhay 2 milyan.
• Sannadkii 2015 - Linux 4.0- waa la siidaayay, tirada walxaha godka ku jira ee keydka ayaa gaadhay 4 milyan.
• Laga bilaabo Janaayo 2019 - Linux 5.0: Kaydinta ayaa gaartay heerka 6,5 milyan oo walxaha git ah.
• Bishii Ogosto 2020 - Linux 5.8: Waxay ahayd tan ugu weyn marka la eego tirada isbeddelada dhammaan iniinyaha intii lagu jiray nolosha mashruuca oo dhan.