Bilowgii bisha waxaan soo saarnay qoraalka sannad -guurada 30 -aad ee daabacaadda mareegaha koowaad, xaqiiqo ah oo aan shaki ku jirin taariikhda oo aan mar walba wax yar la xiriiray Linux, maaddaama labadaba daabacaadda degelkii ugu horreeyay iyo sidoo kale tusmadii ugu horreysay ee Linux Kernel ay isla socdaan, maadaama labaduba la sii daayay isla sannadkaas.
Tan iyo markii 25 -kii Ogosto, 1991 -kii, ka dib shan bilood oo horumar ah, Ardayga 21 jirka ah Linus Torvalds xayeysiis wicitaanka shirka comp.os.minix Waxaan ka shaqaynayey tusaalaha shaqaynaya ee nidaamka hawlgalka cusub Linux, kaas oo la dhammaystiray qaadista bash 1.08 iyo gcc 1.40. Noocan ugu horreeya ee dadweynaha ee kernel Linux ayaa la sii daayay Sebtember 17.
Kernel 0.0.1 wuxuu ahaa 62 KB oo ah qaab la cadaadiyey waxayna ka koobnayd ilaa 10 kun oo khad koodh koodh ah oo marka la barbar dhigo kernel -ka Linux ee maanta uu leeyahay in ka badan 28 milyan oo khad.
Sida laga soo xigtay daraasad ay u xilsaartay Midowga Yurub 2010, qiimaha qiyaasta ah ee lagu horumarinayo mashruuc la mid ah kernel -ka casriga ah ee xoqan ayaa noqon lahaa in ka badan hal bilyan oo doolar (oo la xisaabiyey markii kernelku lahaa 13 milyan oo khad oo koodh ah), sida qiyaas kale oo ka badan 3 bilyan.
Wax yar oo ku saabsan Linux
Kernel-ka Linux waxaa dhiirigaliyay nidaamka hawlgalka ee MINIX, kaas oo Linus uusan ka helin liisankiisa xaddidan. Goor dambe, markii Linux uu noqday mashruuc caan ah, kuwa sharka leh waxay isku dayeen inay ku eedeeyaan Linus inuu si toos ah u koobiyeeyay koodka qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada MINIX.
Weerarka waxaa iska caabiyay qoraaga MINIX, Andrew Tanenbaum, oo arday u wakiishay inuu sameeyo isbarbardhig faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan koodhka Minix oo leh noocyadii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha ee Linux. Natiijooyinka daraasaddu waxay muujiyeen joogitaanka kaliya afar xirmooyin koodh oo aan la dayacayn sababtuna tahay shuruudaha POSIX iyo ANSI C.
Linus asal ahaan waxay ku fikireen inay ugu yeeraan kernel Freax, laga bilaabo bilaash, jaahwareer iyo X (Unix). Laakiin kernel wuxuu helay magaca "Linux" oo leh gacanta iftiinka ah ee Ari Lemmke, oo, markii uu codsaday Linus, kernel -ka saaray server -ka FTP -ga jaamacadda, isaga oo ku magacaabay buugga faylka oo aan ahayn "freax," sida Torvalds codsaday, laakiin "linux."
Waxaa xusid mudan, ganacsade ganacsade ah William Della Croce wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu astaan u noqdo Linux wuxuuna rabay inuu aruuriyo royalties waqti ka dib, laakiin markaas wuu beddelay maskaxdiisii wuxuuna u wareejiyay dhammaan xuquuqda summaddii Linus. Mascot -ka rasmiga ah ee kernel -ka Linux, penguin -ka Tux, ayaa lagu xushay tartan la qabtay 1996. Magaca Tux wuxuu u taagan yahay Torvalds UniX.
Marka laga hadlayo koritaanka Kernel 30kii sano ee la soo dhaafay:
- 0.0.1 - Sebtembar 1991, 10 kun oo khad oo koodh ah
- 1.0.0 - Maarso 1994, 176 kun oo khad
- 1.2.0 - Maarso 1995, 311 kun oo khad
- 2.0.0 - Juun 1996, 778 kun oo khad
- 2.2.0 - Janaayo 1999, 1,8 milyan oo khad
- 2.4.0 - Janaayo 2001, 3,4 milyan oo khad
- 2.6.0 - Diseembar 2003, 5,9 milyan oo khad
- 2.6.28 - Diseembar 2008, 10,2 milyan oo khad
- 2.6.35 - Ogosto 2010, 13,4 milyan oo khad
- 3.0 - Ogosto 2011, 14,6 milyan oo khad
- 3.5 - Julaay 2012, 15,5 milyan oo khad
- 3.10 - Julaay 2013, 15,8 milyan oo khad
- 3.16 - Ogosto 2014, 17,5 milyan oo khad
- 4.1 - Juun 2015, 19,5 milyan oo khad
- 4.7 - Julaay 2016, 21,7 milyan oo khad
- 4.12 - Julaay 2017, 24,1 milyan oo khad
- 4.18 - Ogosto 2018, 25,3 milyan oo khad
- 5.2 - Luulyo 2019, 26,55 milyan oo khad
- 5.8 - Ogosto 2020, 28,4 milyan oo khad
- 5.13 - Juun 2021, 29,2 milyan oo khad
Intii loogu talagalay qaybta horumarka iyo wararka:
- Sebtembar 1991: Linux 0.0.1, sii -deyntii ugu horreysay ee dadweyne oo kaliya taageerta i386 CPU iyo kabaha ka soo baxa diskooga.
Janaayo 1992: Linux 0.12, koodhku wuxuu bilaabay in lagu qaybiyo shatiga GPLv2 - Maarso 1992: Linux 0.95, ayaa bixisay awoodda lagu socodsiiyo Nidaamka Daaqadda X, taageeridda xusuusta dalwaddii iyo is -weydaarsiga qaybinta, iyo qaybinta ugu horraysay ee SLS iyo Yggdrasil ayaa soo baxday.
- Xagaagii 1993, mashaariicda Slackware iyo Debian ayaa la aasaasay.
Maarso 1994: Linux 1.0, nooca ugu horreeya ee si rasmi ah u deggan.
Maarso 1995: Linux 1.2, koror weyn oo ku yimid tirada darawalada, taageerada Alpha, MIPS iyo SPARC dhufto, ballaarinta awooda xidhmada shabakadda, muuqaalka shaandhada baakadka, taageerada NFS. - Juun 1996: Linux 2.0, oo taageerta nidaamyada hawlwadeenada badan.
- Janaayo 1999: Linux 2.2, kordhinta hufnaanta nidaamka maareynta xusuusta, taageerida loogu daray IPv6, hirgelinta dab -damis cusub, waxay soo bandhigtay nidaam hoosaad cusub
- Febrero de 2001: Linux 2.4, taageeridda nidaamyada 8-processor iyo 64 GB ee RAM, nidaamka faylka Ext3, USB, taageerada ACPI.
- Diisambar 2003: Linux 2.6, taageerada SELinux, aaladaha toosinta kernel -ka otomaatiga ah, sysfs, nidaamka maareynta xusuusta dib loo qaabeeyey.
- Bishii Sebtember 2008, nuqulkii ugu horreeyay ee aaladda Android ee ku saleysan kernel Linux ayaa la sameeyay.
- Bishii Luulyo 2011, ka dib 10 sano oo horumarin ah laanta 2.6.x, u -gudubka lambar 3.x ayaa la sameeyey.
- In 2015, Linux 4.0, tirada walxaha git ee bakhaarka ayaa gaaray 4 milyan.
- Bishii Abriil ee 2018, Waxaan ka adkaaday caqabaddii 6 milyan ee walxaha git-core ee bakhaarka.
- Bishii Janaayo 2019, Laanta kernel Linux 5.0 ayaa la sameeyay.
- La dhajiyay Ogosto 2020, kernel 5.8 wuxuu ahaa kan ugu weyn marka la eego tirada isbeddelada dhammaan kernels intii mashruucu noolaa.
- In 2021, koodh loogu talagalay horumarinta darawalada luqadda Rust ayaa lagu daray laanta xigta ee kernel Linux.