Kernel Linux
Kadib laba bilood oo horumar ah, Linus Torvalds ayaa ku dhawaaqay sii deynta nooca cusub ee Linux 6.1 kernel, taas oo ka mid ah isbeddellada ugu caansan: taageerada horumarinta darawallada iyo modules ee luqadda Rust, casriyeynta habka lagu go'aamiyo bogagga xusuusta ee la isticmaalo, maamulaha xusuusta gaarka ah ee barnaamijyada BPF, nidaamka ogaanshaha dhibaatooyinka xusuusta KMSAN, habka ilaalinta KCFI (Kernel Control -Flow Integrity), soo bandhigida geedka qaab dhismeedka maple.
Nooca cusub waxay ka heshay 15115 hagaajin 2139 horumariyeyaal, cabbirka balastarku waa 51 MB, kaas oo qiyaastii 2 jeer ka yar xajmiga balastarrada 6.0 iyo 5.19 kernel.
Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee cusub ee Linux 6.1
Noocan cusub ee Kernel-ka ee la soo bandhigay, waxaan ku heli karnaa taas karti dheeraad ah oo loo isticmaalo Rust sida luqad labaad si loo horumariyo darawallada iyo modules kernel. Sababta ugu weyn ee ka dambeysa taageeridda Rust waa in la fududeeyo qorista tayada sare leh, darawallada aaladaha badbaadada leh iyadoo la yareynayo fursadaha khaladaadka xusuusta.
Taageerada miridhku waa la naafo mana keenayso miridhku in lagu daro ku tiirsanaanta kernel-ka loo baahan yahay. Ilaa hadda, kernel-ku waxa uu qaatay hoos-u-dhigis, nooca balastar-ka-yar, kaas oo laga dhimay 40 ilaa 13 oo khadadka kood ah oo bixiya kaliya ugu yar, oo ku filan in lagu dhiso cutubka kernel fudud oo ku qoran Rust.
Mustaqbalka, waxaa la qorsheeyay in si tartiib tartiib ah loo kordhiyo shaqeynta jirta, gudbinta isbeddelada kale ee laanta Rust-for-Linux. Isku soo wada duuboo, mashaariicda ayaa la soo saaray si loo isticmaalo kaabayaasha la soo jeediyay si loo horumariyo kontaroolayaasha saxanka NVMe, borotokoolka shabakada 9p, iyo Apple M1 GPU ee ku saabsan Rust.
Isbeddel kale oo xusid mudan ayaa ku jira AArch64, RISC-V, iyo LoongArch oo leh EFI, halkaas oo awoodda si toos ah loogu shubo sawirada kernel-ka la hirgeliyays, ka sokow waxay ku dareen darawalada raritaanka, socodsiinta, iyo soo dejinta sawirada kernel-ka, si toos ah looga yeedhay EFI zboot.
Darawalada ku rakibida iyo ka saarida borotokoolka xogta macluumaadka ee borotokoolka EFI ayaa sidoo kale lagu daray. Markii hore, fur-furan waxaa sameeyay bootloader gaar ah, laakiin hadda waxaa samayn kara darawal ku jira kernel laftiisa: sawirka kernel waxaa loo dhisay codsi EFI ah.
qayb ka mid ah balastarrada waxaa la qaatay iyada oo la hirgelinayo qaabka maaraynta xusuusta heerar kala duwan oo ogolaanaya bangiyada xusuusta kala duwan leh sifooyin waxqabad oo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, boggaga inta badan la isticmaalo waxa lagu kaydin karaa xusuusta ugu dhaqsiyaha badan, halka boggaga aan inta badan la isticmaalin lagu kaydin karo xusuusta yara gaabis ah. Kernel-ka 6.1 wuxuu qaataa hab lagu go'aamiyo haddii bogagga aadka loo isticmaalo ay ku jiraan xusuusta gaabiska ah si loogu dhaqaajiyo xusuusta degdegga ah, waxayna fulisaa fikradda guud ee heerarka xusuusta iyo waxqabadkooda.
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan sidoo kale heli karnaa taas lagu daray nidaamka-hoosaadka BPF awoodda abuurista barnaamijyada "burburin" BPF si gaar ah loogu talagalay in lagu kiciyo shil iyada oo la adeegsanayo crash_kexec(). Barnaamijyada BPF ee noocan oo kale ah ayaa laga yaabaa in loogu baahdo ujeedooyinka khaladka ah si loo kiciyo abuurista kaydinta xusuusta wakhti go'an. Helitaanka hawlgallada burburinta marka la soo shubayo barnaamijka BPF waxay u baahan tahay in calanka BPF_F_DESTRUCTIVE la cayimo, sysctl kernel.destructive_bpf_enabled in la dejiyo, iyo in la dejiyo xuquuqda CAP_SYS_BOOT.
la sameeyayo Hagaajinta waxqabadka muhiimka ah ee nidaamka faylalka BtrfsWaxyaabaha kale, waxqabadka fiimap iyo lseek waxay ku kordhiyeen amarro waaweyn (hubinta kordhinta la wadaago ayaa la kordhiyey 2-3 jeer iyo beddelka booska faylasha ayaa la kordhiyey 1.3-4 jeer) . Sidoo kale, Waxay kordhisay joornaalka inode ee hagayaasha (25% kor u kaca waxqabadka iyo 21% hoos u dhaca daahitaanka ee dbench), I/O kaydsan waa la hagaajiyay iyo isticmaalka xusuusta waa la dhimay.
Ext4 wuxuu ku darayaa hagaajinta waxqabadka la xidhiidha joornaalka iyo hawlgalka akhrinta-kaliya, taageerada meesha laga saaray ee sifooyinka noacl iyo nouser_xattr, sidoo kale EROFS (Nidaamka Faylka Akhriska-Kaliya ee La Wanaajiyey), oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka qaybaha akhrinta-keliya, waxay fulisaa suurtagalnimada kaydinta xogta nuqulka ah ee fayl kala duwan. nidaamyada.
Ee isbeddelada kale ee muuqda:
- Taageero lagu daray nidaamyada hoose ee maqalka ee laga hirgeliyay Apple Silicon, Intel SkyLake, iyo soo-saareyaasha Intel KabyLake.
- Xakamaynta maqalka ee HDA CS35L41 waxa ay taageertaa qaabka hurdada.
- Taageerada lagu daray kontaroolayaasha AHCI SATA ee lagu isticmaalo Baikal-T1 SoC.
- Taageerada lagu daray ee chips Bluetooth MediaTek MT7921, Intel Magnetor (CNVi, isku xidhka isku dhafan), Realtek RTL8852C, RTW8852AE, iyo RTL8761BUV (Edimax BT-8500).
- Darawallada lagu daray ee Kiiboodhka PinePhone, InterTouch Touchpads (ThinkPad P1 G3), Xakamaynta La-qabsiga X-Box, Xakameeyaha Duulimaadka PhoenixRC, VRC-2 Baabuurka, Xakamaynta DualSense Edge, Panels Operation IBM, XBOX One Elite, XP-PEN Deco Pro S Tablets iyo Intuos Pro yar (PTH-460).
- Darawalka lagu daray Aspeed HACE (Hash iyo Crypto Engine) dardargeliyayaasha cryptographic.
- Taageero lagu daray Intel Meteor Lake Thunderbolt/USB4 kontaroolayaasha isku dhafan.
- Taageero lagu daray Sony Xperia 1 IV, Samsung Galaxy E5, E7 iyo Grand Max, Pine64 Pinephone Pro casriga ah.
- ARM SoC oo la jaan qaadaya AMD DaytonaX, Mediatek MT8186, Rockchips RK3399 iyo RK3566, TI AM62A, NXP i.MX8DXL, Renesas R-Car H3Ne-1.7G, Qualcomm IPQ8064-v2.0, IPQ8062MM/BL OMX , MT8062 (Acer Tomato), Radxa ROCK 8C+, NanoPi R8195S Enterprise Edition, JetHome JetHub D4p. Macluumaadka ku saabsan SoC Samsung, Mediatek, Renesas, Tegra, Qualcomm, Broadcom iyo NXP.
Ugu dambayn, haddii aad danaynayso inaad wax badan ka ogaato, waxaad la tashan kartaa faahfaahinta Xiriirka soo socda.