Zvizhinji nezveLinus Torvalds. Iyo Linux yakagadzirwa

Isu tinoramba tichipemberera 29 makore eLinux cokuburitsa zvinhu zvehupenyu hwomugadziri wayo Linus Torvalds. Tiri kuvimba nazvo bhuku iyo yaakaburitsa muna 2001.

Zvizhinji nezveLinus Torvalds

Nemari inokwidzwa kubva pamazuva ekuzvarwa, mabasa ezhizha semurume anozivisa, kuchenesa mapaki eruzhinji, mazuva ekuzvarwa uye mibairo yechikoro (zvikoro zveFinland zvinoita sekugovera mari kuvadzidzi vazvo) Linus akaunganidza mari yekutenga komputa ine simba kupfuura sekuru vake Commodore VIC 20. Akasarudza Sinclair QL, komputa ine 32-bit ine multitasking inoshanda sisitimu, Motorola's 68000 8 Megahertz processor uye 128 kb ndangariro.

Mudiki Torvalds akashandisa iyi komputa yezvirongwa zvakasiyana siyana zvehurongwa, akadzidza mutauro weFthth (unofarirwa kwazvo muma80) uye akanyora ake ekushandisa maturusi uye akakwidziridzwa matombo emitambo yake yaanoda yeVIC 20. Akatenga zvakare disk drive, asi sezvo aisada mashandiro anoita controller, akasarudza kunyora yake.

Anobvuma kuti kwaive kunyorwa kwemutyairi mutsva kwakamutsa kufarira kwake mashandiro. Paainyora, akawana zvikanganiso mumagwaro izvo zvakaita kuti zvaakanyora zvisashande saka akafunga kudzidza kuti iyo iri paSinclair QL yaishanda sei.. Akaita izvi nemabhuku uye chishandiso chinonzi disassembler iyo inoshanda kushandura mutauro wemuchina kuva wepasi asi mutauro unowirirana nevanhu unonzi musangano.

Iyo Sinclair QL yakagara makore matatu kuna Linus mushure mezvo akatanga kuneta zvaaisakwanisa uye kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvake.

Mushure mekunge abuda muchiuto uye achakamirira kutangazve kudzidza kwake kuyunivhesiti, Torvalds akawana bhuku iro mumashoko ake rakachinja hupenyu hwake. "MaSystem Anoshanda": Dhizaini nekumisikidza, naAndrew S. Tanenbaum. Yakanga iri imwe yemavara yaaizoda mukudonha kosi, asi akafunga kutanga kuiverenga nekukurumidza.

Tanenbaum ndiye musiki weMinix, inoshanda sisitimu yakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekudzidzisa vanhu kuti vanzwisise mashandiro eUnix. Nokuverenga bhuku uye kushandisa Minix, Linus akawira murudo nehurongwa hwekushandisa hwakagadzirwa neBell Labs.

Chiitiko chake chekutanga naUnix chaive mune kosi nemudzidzisi aisaziva zvakawanda kupfuura vadzidzi vake. Linus anoti mudzidzisi aive chitsauko pamberi pevadzidzi uye kuti vaigara vachimubvunza mibvunzo kubva muzvitsauko zvinotevera kuti aite seasina kunaka. Gore rimwe chetero anopinda musangano weRichard Stallman kunyangwe achibvuma kuti panguva iyoyo anga asingafarire software yemahara.

Musi waNdira 2, 92, Linus Torvalds akatenga nechikwereti chena chitaridzi PC yakashongedzwa nezvinhu zvekusarudza kwake. Iyo yakasarudzwa yekushandisa system yaive Minix. Sezvo Minix yaive neakaganhurirwa maficha (Izvo zvaive zvakagadzirirwa zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa) vanhu vakati wandei vaive vagadzira zvigamba zvakawedzera mashandiro ayo ayakaisawo.

Kuti ubatanidze nekombuta yeYunivhesiti, akagadzira yake yekupedzisira emulator, asi sezvo aida kuti imhanye pakutanga aifanira kudzidza mashandiro e386 CPU.

Iyo komputa, yaive yakanyorwa Linux, yaizopedzisira yabhadharwa neunganidzwa wakarongedzwa nevashandisi vekutanga.

Linus akafunga kuti aida kuti yake yekupedzisira emulator amubvumidze kurodha pasi uye kusevha mafaera. Izvo zvaida kuronga diski controller uye faira maneja. Iyo maneja wefaira yakaita kuti iwirirane neyeMinix's, kwete chete nekuti yaive yakanyorwa zvakanaka asi nekuti yaida kukwanisa kuona mafaera iyo payakange isina kubatana nekombuta yeyunivhesiti. Panguva iyi ndipo paakaona kuti chirongwa ichi change chashandurwa kuita chirongwa chekushandisa.

Pakangoitwa sarudzo, Torvalds akabvunza boka revashandisi reMinix kuti uwane ruzivo nezve POSIX zviyero. Kuti usamonyanisa kuyedza kutsanangura zvazviri, ndiri kuenda quote kune Wikipedia:

POSIX chiyero chakanyorwa uye chiratidzo chakanyoreswa cheInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Injiniya. Iyi standard inotsanangura yakajairika interface yeiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye nharaunda, kusanganisira muturikiri wemirairo (kana "goko"), uye zvirongwa zvakajairika zvekushandisa kutsigira kutakurika kwezvishandiso padanho rekodhi rekodhi.

Izvo zvaunowana ndizvo kupihwa kwenzvimbo pamaseva e ftp yeHelsinki University yeTekinoroji kuitisa sisitimu nyowani yekushandisa. Nezve POSIX zviyero, aifanirwa kuita nemanongedzo aakawana kuyunivhesiti.

Nyaya yakasara yatoziva kare.