Qubes OS kugovera kweLinux yakanangana nekuve "yakachengeteka zvine musoro sisitimu yekushandisa"
Shanduro itsva ye Qubes OS 4.2 Inosvika nguva pfupi mushure memakore maviri ebudiriro (kubva pakaburitswa bazi rekare 4.1.x) uye inoratidza nhamba huru yezvigadziriso zvakakosha, senge Xen 4.17, Debian 12, shanduko kubva kuGnome kuenda kuXFCE, PipeWire rutsigiro pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Kune avo imi vatsva kuQubes OS, munofanirwa kuziva kuti iyi isystem yekushandisa iyo inoshandisa pfungwa yekushandisa hypervisor yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe Kuomarara kwekushandisa uye masisitimu ekushandisa zvikamu (kirasi yega yega yekushandisa uye masevhisi ehurongwa anomhanya pamashini akasiyana chaiwo).
Zvikumbiro muQubes zvakakamurwa kuita makirasi maererano nekukosha kwedata rinogadziriswa uye mabasa anogadziriswa. Yega yega kirasi yekushandisa (semuenzaniso basa, varaidzo, kubhengi) pamwe nesevhisi masevhisi (network subsystem, firewall, chengetedzo, USB stack, nezvimwewo) inomhanya pamakina akasiyana anomhanya neXen hypervisor.
Chii chitsva muQubes OS 4.2
Iyi vhezheni nyowani, inoratidzwa kubva kuQubes OS 4.2 hwaro hwehurongwa, yakagadziridzwa kune itsva Xen 4.17 hypervisor vhezheni (yaimbova Xen 4.14 yakashandiswa), kuwedzera hwaro Dom0 yakagadziridzwa kuFedora 37 (zvakakodzera kutaura kuti template yezvakatipoteredza nharaunda yakavakirwa paFedora 37 yakatsanangurwa mune yazvino Qubes 4.1.2 yekuvandudza), zvakare yakasimbiswa. kuvandudza virtual environments Debian-based bazi rakagadziridzwa Debian 12.
Imwe shanduko ndeye stsigira SELinux muFedora matemplate, iyo inowedzera kusimba kwemitemo yekuchengetedza, kuwedzera kune ma templates ekugadzira chaiwo nharaunda yakavakirwa paFedora neDebian yakashandurwa kuti ishandise Xfce mushandisi nharaunda panzvimbo yeGNOME nekukasira.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, zvinoonekwa kuti kushandiswa kwemenu yekushandisa kwakanyorwazve zvachose, pamwe chete negraphical interfaces yekumisikidza (Qubes Global Settings), kugadzira nharaunda nyowani (Gadzira Itsva Qube) uye kugadzirisa chaiwo muchina templates (Qubes Update).
Ukuwo, Iyo mutemo mutsva wakaunzwa neQrexec unomira pachena Ivo vanosarudzika kune nyowani, inochinjika fomati yeQrexec mitemo inotsanangura kuti ndiani anogona kuita chii uye kupi muQubes. Shanduro itsva yemitemo inopa kuwedzera kukuru mukuita uye sisitimu yekuzivisa inoita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora matambudziko.
Of the dzimwe shanduko dzinomira pachena yeiyi vhezheni itsva:
- Nzvimbo yeGRUB yekumisikidza faira (grub.cfg) yakabatana yeUEFI uye yekare BIOS.
- Yakawedzera rutsigiro rwePipeWire media server
- Ikozvino fwupd inoshandiswa kugadzirisa firmware
- Yakawedzera sarudzo yekudzima otomatiki clipboard miniti imwe mushure mekupedzisira paste oparesheni. Kugonesa kuchenesa otomatiki, shandisa murairo qvm-service -gonesa VMNAME gui-agent-clipboard-wipe
- Kuvaka mapakeji epamutemo, maturusi matsva eQubes Builder v2 anoshandiswa, ayo anovandudza kuparadzaniswa kwemaitiro egungano.
- Iyo configurator inopa chikamu chakasiyana chekutonga GPG.
Pakupedzisira hongu unoda kuziva zvishoma nezvazvo yeiyi vhezheni nyowani, unogona kuverenga izvo zviri muQubes OS 4.2 yekuburitsa chinyorwa pa next link.
Dhawunirodha Qubes OS
Kana iwe uchida kuyedza iyi Qubes OS unogona kuzviita nekurodha system mufananidzo kubva kune yayo yepamutemo webhusaiti uye muchikamu chayo chekurodha uchachiwana, unogona kuzviita mu inotevera chinongedzo.
Sisitimu ine 6 GB ye RAM uye 64-bit Intel kana AMD CPU ine rutsigiro rweVT-x c EPT/AMD-v c RVI uye VT-d / AMD IOMMU matekinoroji anodiwa, Intel GPU (NVIDIA GPU) inodiwa. uye AMD haina kuedzwa zvakanaka). Saizi yekuisa mufananidzo ndeye 6GB. Izvo zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti Qubes OS haingogone kuiswa seyo huru yekushandisa system, asi inopawo mukana wekuiedza mune yayo Live vhezheni.