In the Nyaya yapfuura Ndakatanga kupikisa maonero angu kuti GNU Project yakundikana. Mune ino ini ndichaenda mberi kubva ipapo Ini ndichataura nezve GNU chirongwa uye kutadza kwemahara software sezvo ndichitenda kuti pane hukama pakati pevaviri ava uye ibasa raRichard Stallman.
Tinogona kutaura nezvekutadza kwemahara software? Kana uri kuverenga izvi panharembozha yako, unogona kunge uri kuverenga izvi paAroid kana iOS, kwete FirefoxOS kana Ubuntu Touch. Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa nezvazvo kubva kuGoogle Discover, Google Boka zviziviso, Twitter kana Facebook, kwete kubva kuMastodon. Uye, kana uri kushandisa yakavhurika sosi browser, ingave yakavakirwa paChromium (de facto chiyero chakatemerwa neGoogle pasi pechirango chekuramba kuenderana nemasevhisi ayo) kana Firefox iyo inonyanya kufarira kurongeka kwezvematongerwo enyika pane kugadzira browser yakanaka. Ndingati hongu.
Nezve GNU chirongwa uye kutadza kwemahara software
LPanguva ino unogona kundipikisa zviviri.
- Kuti iyo yemahara software kufamba haina kumbobvira yafunga kuve yakakura.
- Iyo Linux inotonga mumaseva, supercomputer uye gore.
Ngatitarisei kupikisa kumwe panguva.
Kunyangwe yakazvarwa iine chinangwa chekupa dziviriro yepamutemo kune zvishandiso zveGNU chirongwa, iyo Yemahara Software Foundation munguva pfupi yakawedzera zviito zvayo kuita mishandirapamwe yekuramwa maturusi evaridzi votsiva neakasununguka. Sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachiri kushandisa Google Docs paWindows yavo, kutenga mabhuku paAmazon uye kushandisa Apple Hardware kunoratidzika kunge kwakabudirira zvakanyanya.
2) Kubudirira kweLinux hakusi nekuda kwevanhu kuve nechokwadi nezvezvakanakira kukwanisa kuwana, kudzidza, kushandura uye kugovera iyo kodhi kodhi yechirongwa. Ndinodya zvakanaka kwazvo akatsanangura Steven Sinofsky weMicrosoft. IBM nevamwe vanopa masevhisi emakombuta kumusika wemakambani vakawana kuti vaigona kupa yavo yekubvunza uye masevhisi ekutsigira zvichienderana nePenguin inoshanda system pasina kubhadhara marezinesi anodhura. software kune kambani yechitatu.
Basa raStallman
Zvino, nguva yasvika yekuratidza kana kutadza kuratidza chirevo chandanga ndichiita kwechinyorwa nehafu.kana. Basa raStallman.
Richard Stallman Iye mugadziri wepurogiramu uyo chaaida chete kwaiva kuva chikamu cheboka umo mashoko aifamba akasununguka kuitira kuti basa riitwe pasinei nourongwa hwemapepa. Ndizvo zvinodaidzwa nemunyori weCanada Henry Mintzberg kuti adhocracy.
Dambudziko nderekuti sezvo iyo Yemahara Software Foundation yaikura, yaida chimiro chakarongeka uye, Stallman, semuvambi, aitora basa raakanga asina kungorigadzirira chete, uye aisarifarira, remutungamiri.
Iyo yemahara software kufamba yaida Mabasa, kana ingangoita iyo Shuttleworth yemazuva ekutanga eUbuntu. Chirongwa cheGNU chaida Stallman.
Mabasa, kana kunyange Shuttleworth kana Bill Gates angadai akave neruzivo rwekuziva zvinodiwa nevanhu uye kuvapwisa kuti ndizvo zvavaida. A Stallman angadai akashandura icho kuita kodhi yakanyorwa zvakanaka uye vangadai vakagonesa vanogadzira vakanyanya kushambadza basa ravo pasi pemarezinesi emahara
Asi, Stallman wezvematongerwo enyika akarova mugadziri Stallman. Uye sezvo kunze kweFirefox (apo Google, kuti ive nyore, yakasimudzira pane peji reinjini yekutsvagisa) rinenge pasina chirongwa chemahara chesoftware chakazozivikanwa zvakanyanya, pakanga pasina kumbokwana mari yakazvimirira yekukwikwidza nebudiriro yekutengeserana. Vhura sosi mapurojekiti akatendeukira kukutsigira kwekambani uye, sekuratidzwa kwatinoitwa neCentOS, kuti kutsigira hakuna kumbova nehanya. Takatoona nyaya dzemamwe maprojects akazochinja marezinesi.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti kune emahara software zvirongwa zvakaenzana kana zvemhando yepamusoro kune avo varidzi. Kuti hapana yemahara software chirongwa icho vanhu vanoda zvakanyanya kushandisa seTikTok, Google Docs, Canva kana ChatGPT zvakare.
Uye, mhosva iyo kune wezvematongerwo enyika Stallman ainyanya kufarira kuita dhimoni software uye hardware yaifarirwa nevanhu kushandisa. pane kupa mahara kudzora kumugadziri Stallman kuti ashande mashiripiti ake.
Zvingadai zvakachinja chero chinhu here kana GNU inoshanda system yakadzimwa? Sekuona kwangu hongu. Stallman aive mugadziri wepurogiramu ari nani uye aive neruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura Linus Torvalds paakagadzira Linux. Uye, nemutungamiri akanaka muFSF, anokwanisa kunzwisisa zvinodiwa nemusika, GNU ingadai yakatora nzvimbo iyo Windows yakazotora.
Asi, zvese zvakavhurika kune maonero uye pane fomu rekutaura pazasi.
Sawa,
Pane zvinhu zvakasiyana zvandisingabvumirani nazvo. Asi pamusoro pezvose, dai Stallman akazvitsaurira kuhurongwa ...
Runako rweLinux rwuri mumhando yekusimudzira uye kwete zvakanyanya mukuti Torvalds iri nani kana yakaipisisa programmer. Izvi zvinoonekwa mu "cathedral uye bhazaar" umo mamodheru maviri ebudiriro akasiyaniswa zvakajeka ... uye ini ndinotaura zvimwe, Git ndiyo inonyanya kujeka muenzaniso ...
Linux yasvika pawasvika nekuda kwekuti imhando yekubatana, nepo maturusi eGNU aramba akadaro... uye zvishoma nezvishoma ari kupfuurwa neOpen Source maturusi ane zvirinani uye kuita kuri nani.
Handikwanise kutaura kuti Stallman ndiye ane mhosva, asi ndinogona kutaura kuti kuedza kwakanyanya kwakaiswa pamunhu mumwe.
Maita basa nenyaya yenyu
Mupiro wenyu unofadza zvikuru.
Chichemo chekuti software yemahara haina mari yakakwana yakazvimiririra kana ichienzaniswa neproprietary software haina musoro.
Zviripachena, yakavanzika software ine mari yakawanda, nekuti nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho yakavanzika.
Yemahara vs yakavanzika software yakada kufanana necommunism vs capitalism. Vanhu vanofanirwa kuda kuita zvinhu kwete zvemuripo wehupfumi, kana muripo wakanangana nehupfumi. Uye nekuda kwekuti kune vanhu vane hanya, kana avo vari kutsvaga resume, cachet, mukurumbira, kana kupa varume vakuru nguva yakaoma, tine software yemahara, asi ngatirege kutarisira kuti makambani anoita mari. kutengesa software kuchaita mari yemahara kubva kune yemahara software, nekuti kana vaona Avo vanowana yakawanda nekuita privatization, vanozozviita. Vanodaidza kuti capitalism. Kutsvaga mhosva ndiko kuiisa pahunhu hwemunhu, kuti sei voracious capitalism yakakwanisa kuita zvese.
Yakasaina: muzvinabhizimusi we capitalist uyo anopawo kuGitHub yerudo rwehunyanzvi.
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Muchokwadi, nhasi mazhinji emipiro kuLinux kernel anobva kuvagadziri vanobhadharwa nemakambani.
Chero zvazvingava, dambudziko harisi kuti software yemahara inoda kubatsirwa kubva kumakambani asi zvakapesana. Makambani anobatsirwa nesoftware yemahara uye kwete chete haadzore chero chinhu, asi haatomboremekedze mazwi erezinesi.
Zvakaitika kune WordPress neWix, Elastic neAmazon uye OBS Studio uye Terraform zvakare yaive nematambudziko.
Dambudziko reHeartbleed raive nekuda kwemupiro kubva kune akazvipira paive nemakambani makuru aishandisa OpenSSL uye asina kupa imwe euro.
Ini handibvumirane nemapoinzi akati wandei muchinyorwa _asi_ ndinoona kukanganisa kuri pachena. Kana ukashandisa Android cell phone (vs FirefoxOS kana Ubuntu Touch) inoshandiswa semuenzaniso we "kukundikana kweFree Software", izvi zvinorega zvachose chokwadi chokuti Android kernel iri ... Linux. Iyo mutsara waizofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti "Iyo Linux inotonga mumaseva, supercomputer uye gore ... uye nharembozha.
ILinux isina maturusi eGNU uye ese anosungirwa masevhisi eGoogle
Android Open Source Project (AOSP) ndeye yakavhurika sosi / yemahara software, sezvakaita zvigadzirwa zvinobva senge LineageOS.
Ini ndinotaura izvi nekuti Android, kunyangwe iine zvinhu zvemuridzi seGApps, haisi iyo yakanakisa muenzaniso iyo OS yemafoni edu haisi yemahara software, iko iko kunenge kwakapesana, muenzaniso wekuzivikanwa kweiyo yakavhurika sosi modhi.
Ndinofunga kuti wakarurama mune dzimwe nzira nezvekukundikana kukuru kwekutengesa kweGNU chirongwa. Asi iwe uri kungogara ipapo uye Richard Stallman uye chirongwa cheGNU chakanyanya kudarika icho, chine kukosha kukuru kupfuura izvozvo.
Kana iwe usingabvumirane nemaitiro aRichard Stallman uye yemahara software, zviri kwauri. Kuti Stallman anoita zvikanganiso zvakare ichokwadi, asi isu tinofanira kuziva kuti anofanirwa kunzi baba vemahara software ine zvese zvakanakira izvo zvinoreva izvi.
Rusununguko runa rwakakosha zvikuru, GPL uye public domain software yakakosha musoftware universe sezvinoitwa neveruzhinji munharaunda. Kana iwe ukaongorora masangano eruzhinji, anogara nhasi nemakambani akazvimirira, uye kune zviuru zvemakambani akazvimirira uye mamwe akakura. Asi masangano ehurumende, mumaonero angu, akaenzana kana anokosha uye anokosha. Naizvozvo, sezvo masangano ehurumende ari kure nekutadza, GNU iri kure nekutadza.
Ukuwo, chinhu chose chine mavambo acho, nhongonya yacho uye magumo acho. Zvimwe wataura chokwadi kuti GNU inogona kunge iri kudzikira uye pane imwe nguva, senge zvese, ichasvika padanho rayo rekupedzisira asi software yemahara inoenderera.
Ndinofunga kuti mukukakavadzana kwenyu uye mharidzo yenyu yemusoro, muri kuzvidza, uye kwete kuratidza kukosha kwese, tsika nemagariro enhaka uye hunhu huna Richard Stallan neGNU. Kana iwe ukandiudza kutadza kwehupfumi uye hukuru hwazvino, icho chinhu chimwe, asi chinangwa chaStallman neGNU chaive chisina kumbobvira chehupfumi, saka unofanirwa kuyera kukundikana zvinoenderana nechinangwa. Ini ndinotenda kuti zvinangwa nezvinangwa zvakaiswa naStallman zvakanyanyisa uye zvakaoma kuzadzisa, asi panguva imwecheteyo budiriro yake inooneka uye yakakosha. Ndinotenda kuti vashoma vanokwanisa kuita zvakadai, izvo zvaakaita mukusimudzira software yemahara ibasa chairo.
Nenzira, ini ndinokuyeuchidza kuti Linux ingangoita zana yemahara software uye handizive kana kune imwe yakakura software nhasi, ingori vanhuwo zvavo havazive nezvazvo. Zvakanaka, Firefox, browser yandinoshandisa zuva nezuva, zvakare yakakura kwazvo.
Mufaro …
Ndinofunga wakavhiringika. Free software (kwete yakavhurika software, funga iwe, ndiri kutaura nezvemahara software, Stallman's) haisi yemhando yekutengesa, kana kutaura kwekutengesa software, kana fomula yekudhinda mari yemapepa. Mahara software isangano remagariro, rezvematongerwo enyika uye tsika.
Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuwana software yemahara kwese kwese, kubva kumawachi, mafiriji kana mota, kune yekubhadhara masisitimu, maseva, bhizinesi network, vhidhiyo yemitambo consoles, zvirongwa zvemuchadenga kana kunyange mukati meiyo proprietary software pachayo. Saka kutaura nezvekukundikana kwayo hakuna zvakunoreva.
Asi, kana yakapararira kudaro, nei zvakaoma kwazvo kuwana chokurarama nacho kubva mairi?
Nekuti haienderani necapitalism, inopesana nemasikirwo ehurongwa hwehupfumi hwenzanga yanhasi.
Ipapo haingave neramangwana, handiti?Pamusoro pazvo, mari nekuunganidza kwayo hupfumi mudzimba diki ndizvo zvinofambisa nyika.
Zvinogoneka; Neraki, FOSS ine mubatsiri mukuru mune imwe yakaenzana antithetical pfungwa yecapitalism, iyo iyo West yanga ichiedza kuita yeMILLENNIA, iyo inogovera humwe hunhu, hwakadai sehorizontality, asi pamusoro pezvose iyo inova chishandiso chakakosha nekuda zvido zvayo zvejekerere, ndinoreva democracy.
Uye kune sarudzo mbiri chete, ingave isu tinokanganwa nezve democracy, kana isu tinokanganwa nezve iyo sisitimu yaive nehupenyu hwayo munguva refu apo kugadzirwa kwaive kushoma uye kushomeka kwaive kwakajairwa, asi izvo zviri pachena hazvichashande uye tinozvigamuchira pakupedzisira. pachava nemhando imwe chete yesoftware, software yemahara.