LVM: Unganidza akaomarara madhiraivha sekunge aingova one chete

GNU Linux yakanyanyisa kuita basa, hapana munhu anofungidzira izvozvo. Asi pamwe vamwe vashandisi havazive zvishandiso kana mikana yazvinotipa uye izvo zvinogona kufambisa zuva redu zuva nezuva kana kuita zvisingaite zvinhu. Muchikamu chino isu tichataura nezve LVM (Logical Vhorumu Manager), chishandiso icho, kunyangwe pakutanga chisina kugadzirirwa Linux, gare gare chakaendeswa uye zvino vashandisi veLinux vanogona kunakidzwa nemikana yayo.

LVM inonzwisisika vhoriyamu maneja sezita zvarinoratidzira, pakutanga yaive cYakagadzirwa naHeinz Mauelshagen muna 1998 yeiyo HP-UX inoshanda sisitimu, HP's UNIX. Asi gare gare yaizoitwa muLinux kernel. Nayo unogona kudzora mapoka anonzwisisika, pamwe nemavhoriyamu ane musoro, kuverenga-chete mapikicha, maneja RAID, nezvimwe. Asi chinhu chinotinakidza pachikamu chino ndechekubatanidza akati wandei madhiraivha akaomarara.

LVM inogona "kuona" madhisiki mapoka uye zvikamu zvacho zvizere pachinzvimbo chekubata nzvimbo zhinji dzakazvimirira. Ndosaka tichigona kujoina akati wandei zvikamu sezvimwe, kuwedzeredza zvimwe zvikamu kune mamwe akasiyana ma disks epanyama, tamba nemadhisiki akati wandei muRAID modhi, wedzera "kupisa" kana "kupisa swap" madhiraivha akaomarara, pasina kukanganwa iyo "snapshot" basa rekugadzira backups ..

Ungaita sei izvi? Zvakanaka, chaizvo nekuda kwekubata kwematanho matatu:

• PV (Panyama Vhoriyamu): ndiwo mavhoriyamu epanyama, ndokuti, madhiraivha akaomarara kana zvikamu zvecomputer.
• VG (Vhoriyamu Boka): vhoriyamu boka, inzvimbo inosangana maPVs nemaVL.
• LV (Inonzwisisika Vhoriyamu): zvine musoro mavhoriyamu kana zvishandiso uko mafaera masystem kana FS anogona kugadzirwa.

Kushanda neLVM, tinogona kushanda kubva kuchipatara nemidziyo mitatu mikuru:

• pvcreate: Iwe unogona kugadzira mavhoriyamu epanyama nekujoinha akati wandei madhiraivha akaomarara kana zvikamu. Semuenzaniso, ngatibatanidzei chikamu / dev / sda3 uye / dev / sdb1:

pvcreate /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1

• vgcreate: Iwe unogona kugadzira mavhoriyamu mapoka, ndokuti, zvikamu kana disks zvepanyama ndezveboka. Semuenzaniso, kugadzira boka rakanzi "data":

vgcreate datos /dev/sdb1

• lvcreate: inotsanangura zviyero zvine musoro zvichave mukati meboka. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti iwe unoda kugadzira vhoriyamu inonzi "nyowani" mukati meboka "data" uye 8GB muhukuru:

lvcreate --name nuevo --size 8G datos

Ngatione muenzaniso unoshandaFungidzira kuti une komputa ine x GB hard drive uye iwe wafunga kuwedzera iwo masimba nekuisanganisira imwe hard drive. Muchiitiko ichocho, iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoibata sekudaro, imwe nyowani hard drive maunofanirwa kugadzira imwe kana akawanda zvikamu pairi kuti uishandise. Ndiri kuzonyanya kutaura, fungidzira kuti yako hard drive iri 120GB kutanga uye kuti iwe une akateedzana ezvikamu, kusanganisira / imba inobata 80GB yeavo 120 uye inonzi / dev / sda3, kupi / dev / sda1 iri iyo midzi yekuparadzanisa / uye / dev / sda2 iyo SWAP ...

Iye zvino unowana yako nyowani hard drive ine 500GB (/ dev / sdb1) yekuwedzera nzvimbo, asi pachinzvimbo chekugadzira imwe chikamu, iwe unoda yako / imba ive ne580GB. Izvi zvinogoneka neLVM, kugadzira / dev / sda uye / dev / sdb be inoonekwa nehurongwa hwekushandisa sechigadzirwa chimwe chete, chikamu chimwe chete chiri panyama pane maviri akaomarara madhiraivha akaomarara. Uye uku kungori kudiki mukana wevakawanda unobvumidzwa neLVM uye zvaizoitwa seizvi:

-PAMUSORO CHENYAYA, GADZIRA BHUKU KOPI YEMAHARA / HOME, SEZVO ZVICHAITWA -

sudo -i

unmount /dev/sda3

unmount /dev/sdb1

vgcreate lvm /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1

modprobe dm-mod

lvcreate -n home -l 100% VG lvm

mkfs.ext4 /dev/lvm/home

mount /dev/lvm/home /home

Zvese zvasara kugadzirisa iyo / etc / fstab faira Saka usakwira iyo / dev / sda3 uye / dev / sdb1 pratitions pakutanga system, uchitadza izvo, mount / dev / lvm / home / home. Kana isu tikanyora zvinotevera (shandisa gedit, nano kana chero chinyorwa chinyorwa chaunoda ...):

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Isu tinogona kuona zvirimo kuti tiigadzirise, isu tichaona kuti pane zvirevo # uye mimwe mitsara yekumisikidza izvo zvikamu zvatiri izvozvi mune yedu distro. Ive nekuchenjerera, nzvimbo hadzisi dzakajairwa nzvimbo, kana iwe wagadzirisa, shandisa TAB kuisa izvo zvirimo! Iwe uchaona kuti iwe unogona kuisa chimwe chinhu senge UUID = XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX, asi iwe unogona kutsiva iyi gibberish ye / dev / sdx pasina matambudziko ... ndiko kuti, nezita rechikamu icho sezvachiri. Kwedu isu iwe unofanirwa kubvisa (kana zvirinani pane kudzima, isa # pakutanga kwetambo kuti utaure, saka kana paine dambudziko kana ikasashanda, tinogona kugadzirisa fstab uye nekungodzima mutsara wedu mutsva tobvisa iyo # kuti idzokere ku kumisikidzwa kwekare ...iyo mitsara miviri inoenderana ne / dev / sda3 uye / dev / sdb1 uye wedzera:

/ dev / lvm / imba / imba ext4 zvisizvo 0 1

Tangazve uye ikozvino taizove ne / imba ye580GB, tichijoinha mairi maviri madhiraivha akaomarara sekunge aingova one chete. Ehezve iwe unogona kusiyanisa ma parameter sekuda kwako, shandisa zvikamu izvo zvaunoda, iyo FS yaunoda (pano tashandisa EXT4, asi iwe unogona kushandisa chero chaunoda), nezvimwe. Ndokumbirawo musiye mameseji, mibvunzo, makomendi, nezvimwe..