Ungachinja sei zita rekushandisa muLinux nhanho nhanho

Zvakanaka, iwe uchaseka, asi chinhu chekutanga chandinofanira kutaura ndechekuti ini handingaite chinhu chekutanga chandichazotsanangura muchinyorwa chino: maitiro ekushandura zita rekushandisa muLinux kubva kumagumo. Kuchinja zita rekushandisa kunosanganisira zvikamu zviviri, chimwe chatino chinja zita chete uye icho chatichachinjawo UID kana chiziviso chemushandisi. Shanduko haizove 100% chaiyo kana tikasaita ese maitiro.

Kunyangwe zvese zvandichatsanangura mune ino positi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakachengeteka, ini handisi munhu anofarira kuvimbisa zvinhu zvausina chokwadi che100% nezvazvo, saka ndingakurudzira backup rese rakakosha data usati watanga chero maitiro. Kune rimwe divi, ini ndichatsanangurawo imwe nzira yekuzviita inoita senge yakachengeteka kwandiri. Iwe une ruzivo rwese pazasi.

Chinja zita rekushandisa ne terminal

Ini handisi fan mukuru weiyi nzira. Iwo matanho mazhinji uye chero chinhu chinogona kutadza, asi iyi inofanirwa kunge iri nzira chaiyo yekushandura zita rekushandisa muLinux. Matanho angave anotevera:

1. Isu tinoshandura zita nemutemo unotevera:

usermod -l nuevo-nombre viejo-nombre

Kubva pamusoro, chinhu chega chatichaita kushandura zita rekushandisa. Kana zvirizvo zvauri kuda, saka unenge watove nazvo, asi zvinenge zvisiri chokwadi zvachose. Iyo UID yaizosara iri "yekare-zita". Saka tinoenderera mberi.

2. Mune terminal, tinonyora:

usermod -u UID username

Huwandu hwehuwandu hweUID hunofanirwa kuve hwakazara uye kwete hwakaipa. 0 kusvika 99 inowanzo chengeterwa maakaundi sisitimu.

Muenzaniso unoshanda

Asi zvirinani nemuenzaniso. Tichatevera matanho aya:

1. Isu tinogadzira backup yezvose zvakakosha.
2. Isu tinoita shuwa kuti mushandisi watinoda kushandura haasi kushandiswa nechero maitiro.
3. Iye zvino tinofanirwa kuona mushandisi nemapoka avo, mune yangu kesi "pablinux". Kune izvi isu tinonyora "id pablinux" pasina makotesheni.
4. Tevere, isu tinoshandisa iyo "grep" kuraira kuti uwane ruzivo rwe "pablinux" mushandisi kubva / etc / passwd. Kune izvi isu tinonyora "grep '^ pablinux:' / etc / passwd" Pasina makotesheni.
5. Izvi zvinotevera kuona ruzivo rweboka revashandisi nemirairo iyi:

grep 'pablinux' /etc/group
groups pablinux

6. Isu tinotarisa dhairekitori mvumo kune mublinux mushandisi, kuita iro rairo:

ls -ld /home/pablinux/

7. Zvino isu tichaona ese maitirwo emushandisi uye mapoka «pablinux» nemirairo iyi:

ps aux | grep pablinux
ps -u pablinux

Zvino isu tichachinja mushandisi kubva pablinux kuenda pablinux 2

8. Isu tinoshandisa mirairo iyi

id pablinux
usermod -l pablinux2 pablinux

9. Isu tinozvitarisa:

id pablinux
id pablinux2
ls -ld /home/pablinux

10. Tinogona kuona zvimwe zvikanganiso kana pablinux iri kushandisa mamwe maitiro. Tinofanira kuvauraya nemirairo iyi:

pkill -u pablinux pid
pkill -9 -u pablinux
usermod -l pablinux2 pablinux

Kuchinja iro rekutanga zita reboka kubva pablinux kuenda pablinux2

11. Takanyora kuti:

id pablinux
groupmod -n pablinux2 pablinux
id pablinux
ls -ld /home/pablinux

Kuchinja dhairekitori repamba kubva pablinux kuenda pablinux2

12. Tichanyora zvinotevera:

usermod -d /home/pablinux2 -m pablinux2
id pablinux2
ls -ld /home/pablinux2

Yekupedzisira nhanho: chinja pablinux UID kubva 5001 kusvika 1000

13. Tichanyora zvinotevera:

id pablinux
usermod -u 10000 pablinux
id pablinux

Uye, mukufungidzira, zvingave zvakadaro.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Ungachinja sei mudzi password muFedora

Ritambe rakachengeteka: backup uye kupora mafaera

Chimwe chinhu chatinogona kuita kugadzira mushandisi mutsva uye kudzima chekare. Asi pane izvi isu tinoda chikamu chekuchengetedza kana yekunze hard drive. Pfungwa iyi ndeinotevera:

1. Isu tinoteedzera yedu yega folda pachikamu chekuchengetedza kana chekunze disk. Kana isu tisingade kuteedzera zvese, isu tinokwanisa kuteedzera chete zvatinoda. Semuenzaniso, kana tikadhinda Ctrl + H, akawanda maLinux anoparadzira anoratidza akavanzika mafaera. Tinogona kusevha maforodha eMapepa, Mumhanzi, Mifananidzo, nezvimwe, uyezve zvimwe zvakaita se .mozilla iyo ichave neyakagadziriswa Firefox.
2. Kugoverwa kweLinux yega yega kune akasiyana marongero / anodikanwa app, saka ini ndinozvitaura zvine hukasha (zvichibva Kubuntu) Tinoenda kuSystem Preferences / User Manager. Neimwe nzira, isu tinokwanisa kutsvaga "Vashandisi" mumamiriro eesisitimu yedu yekushandisa.
3. Pano tinopa iyo (+) kana «Nyowani mushandisi».
4. Isu tinoisa zita idzva uye password.
5. ZVINOKOSHA: tinokupa maneja mvumo.

6. Isu tinotanga kubva kuaccount nyowani.
7. Isu tinodzoreredza iyo data iyo yatakachengeta mudanho 1
8. TINOONA kuti zvinhu zvese zvinoshanda nemazvo.
9. Kana zvese zvikafamba mushe, tinogona kudzima account yedu yekare.

Uku hakusi shanduko yekushandisa, asi inogona kutishandira uye iri sisitimu yakachengeteka nekuti hatina kubata chero chinhu pane ino system uye taive nedata rakakosha mukuchengetedza.

Ko kudzoreredza iyo inoshanda sisitimu?

Chero ani mushandisi akaisa Linux pachake acharangarira kuti pane nhanho yatino gadzirira zita rekushandisa, zita remakomputa uye password. Ndiro raizova danho rakakosha. Dambudziko rega nderekuti ino sisitimu yaizotora nguva. Matanho ekutevera angave anotevera:

1. Isu tinogadzira LiveCD kana LiveUSB. Kuti tiite izvi, tinogona kuenderera gwaro iri.
2. Isu tinotanga komputa kubva kuLiveUSB.
3. Takatanga kuiswa.
4. Muchikamu chemhando ipi yekuisa yatiri kuda kuita, tinosarudza "Reinstall". Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti izvi zvichadzoreredza iyo inoshanda sisitimu uye kuti kazhinji kazhinji iwe haugone kudzoreredza software yatakange takaisa. Kuisazve iyo inoshanda sisitimu inofanirwa kusiya iyo / yekumba folda isina kubatika, zvinoreva kuti kudzoreredza zvirongwa zvichadzokera kune izvozvi marongero.
5. Isu tinoenderera mberi nekumisikidza senguva dzose kusvikira tasvika pachikamu pakusarudza zita rekushandisa. Pano tinosarudza zita idzva rekushandisa.
6. Tinomirira kuti kuiswa kwacho kupedze.
7. Pakutanga iyo sisitimu yekushandisa isu tichava neyedu zita rekushandisa.

Zvinoita sekunge zvakakosha kwandiri kuti nditsanangure kuti, senge maitiro mazhinji emakomputa, chimwe chinhu chingasazobuda sezvanga zvichitarisirwa, saka iyo backup yakanyanya kukosha. Kuona kuti yedu / yekumba dhairekitori haina shanduko, Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve nechikamu chakatsaurirwa kune yedu pachedu folda. Mune ino kesi, mune mhando yekumisikidza yatinoda kuitisa, isu taizosarudza «Zvimwe» uye pano isu taizoratidza kuti ndeipi / imba yekuparadzanisa, taizoimaka saizvozvo uye isu taisazomaka kuitira fomati. Izvi ndizvo zvandave ndichiita kweanopfuura makore gumi uye handina kumbobvira ndarasa chero data.

Sezvandambotaura pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino, ini ndiri kunyanya kuzviita "zvakaoma". Ndine 1TB ye hard disk + 128GB SSD kwandinoisa iyo inoshanda sisitimu, saka ndine chikamu ne500GB kwandino chengeta zvese zvakakosha. Muchiitiko changu, kana paine chero dambudziko ndinofunga kudzoreredza, dzimwe nguva kubva ku0, uye ndinotora data kubva kubhegi. Chii chaunofarira kuita?

Nyaya inoenderana:

Matekiniki uye zvirongwa zvekudzivirira njodzi muLinux