Vazhinji vashandisi veLinux vanga vachishandisa kernel-based operating system kwenguva yakati vanoziva zvakakwana kuti desktop chii. Iwo matsva haatombo funga nezvazvo: vanoshandisa izvo zvinouya zvakaiswa sezvavangangodaro vakaita nguva pfupi yapfuura muWindows, asi pane chikamu chiri mune zvese graphical interfaces izvo zvisina vazhinji vanoziva nezvazvo. Ndiri kutaura nezvazvo hwindo maneja, uye nhasi tichaedza kutsanangura zvavari. Izvo zvakanakira Linux ...
Uye Linux inzvimbo yese yekuongorora. Kana pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvezvose, imhaka yekuti hatizi tese tinofunga uye kunzwa zvakafanana, uye kune mamaneja akasiyana emahwindo evashandisi vakasiyana. Isu tichaedzawo kutsanangura mutsauko uripo pakati pemaneja hwindo uye hwindo maneja. As? Zvakanaka, maneja wehwindo senge anoshandiswa neKDE (KWin, iyo mune inotevera girafu inoonekwa se "display server") haina kufanana neiyo inoshandiswa neI3 vhezheni yeManjaro.
Chii chinonzi hwindo maneja?
Maneja wehwindo, netsanangudzo, iyo software ine basa rekuratidza zvirongwa zvakasiyana iyo inomhanya pane graphical interface. Uye neizvozvo tinogona kupedzisa tsananguro, asi kwete. Tinofanirawo kutaura zvishoma pamusoro pemadhesiki.
Windo windows chikamu chedesktop, inova iyo yese software yeanoshanda system. Pamusoro pesoftware ine basa rekuratidza mahwindo, pane desktop tine software ine basa rekubatanidza isina waya, kutonga ruzha kana kuita profiles.
Hongu, asi kana izvi zviri izvo, sei vanhu vakawanda vachida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pevatariri vemahwindo? Mhinduro iri nyore: nekuti kune "pseudo-desktop" muLinux inongoshandisa hwindo maneja kuratidza zvese zvatinoda kuona.
pseudo-desk…
Rega nditsanangure zvandabva kutaura nekuti handizivi kuti zvachiri kuita zviri kuita kuti zvinhu zviome here. Sezvatakatsanangura, maneja wehwindo ndiyo software ine basa rekuratidza mahwindo eiyo interface, uye iyi ndiyo KWin yeKDE mumuenzaniso watakapa. Ipapo kune vamwe vanotitendera kushanda pasina dhesiki riri kushandiswa uye zvose zvatinoita tichazviita mumahwindo.
Iyo "desktop" yeaya mamaneja emahwindo ndeye Inogumira pakuratidza, kunyanya, Wallpaper uye mamwe majeti seConky, asi haugone kupindirana nayo, semuenzaniso, kudhonza zvinhu kuenda/kubva padesktop.
Aya marudzi emaneja emahwindo, andakadaidza kuti "pseudo-desktops", anoita muchidimbu sedesktop kana isu tichinzwisisa saizvozvo software yese inodiwa kuti iwirirane neiyo inoshanda sisitimu. Iyo yenguva dzose isiri-desktop hwindo maneja anotonga windows, asi kazhinji anosanganisira software senge yekuvhura application kana terminal iyo kazhinji isina chero mhando yepaneru. Chokwadi ndechekuti aya mamaneja emahwindo akazvimirira, asi nekuisa imwe yacho iyo yakasara software inowanzoiswa zvakare kuitira kuti ruzivo ruve nyore.
Zvirinani nemuenzaniso
Ndisati ndataura nezvemamaneja emahwindo uye kurega munhu wese achisarudza kuti ndeipi iri nani, ini handipindire mukuti vanozondishoropodza gare gare, ngatipei muenzaniso: i3wm.
i3wm kana i3 chete ipakiti inogona kuisirwa pane akawanda kugovera uye inouya mune zviri pamutemo repositori. Kana chete i3wm uye mapakeji mashoma akaiswa kuitira kuti aratidze chimwe chinhu, zvingangoita kuti mushure mekubuda nekupinda i3wm isu hatizotomboona Wallpaper, kana isu tinogona kuona yakasara mufananidzo weimba yedu skrini sepamhepo.
i3wm inowanzotangisa maapplication ne dmenu, iyo iri nyore menyu yatinotsvaga nayo maapplication uye ese marudzi esoftware akaiswa musystem yekushandisa. Kana tikadzvanya musanganiswa META + Intro, terminal inovhurika otomatiki. Dai taive nehwindo rakavhurika, iyo skrini ichakamurwa kuita maviri, kune rimwe divi terminal uye kune imwe application yatakanga tatovhura. Mapurogiramu anowanzo akazara skrini, pamwe aine kanzvimbo kadiki (gap) pakati pemupendero wawo uye miganhu yechidzitiro. Uye zvakadaro zvishoma nezvese.
Ava mahwindi maneja ndivo yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nekhibhodi. Zvichienderana nechimwe nechimwe, tinogona kuenda kubva kune imwe "virtual desktop", mune zvinyorwa, kune imwe, tinogona kuvhara mahwindo, shandura iwo ... zvese, asi hazvizoitike kushandisa zvakajairika desktop.
Yakanakisa hwindo maneja weLinux
Ini ndinoramba kutaura kuti ndeipi yakanaka nekuda kwezvakataurwa, pane zvinonaka zvakasiyana. Kana ndikakwanisa kutaura nezvazvo Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa, uye kurongeka kwezvinhu hazvichinje chigadzirwa (huyai, zvinotevera rondedzero pasina kurongeka).
i3wm
i3 ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mamaneja emahwindo, muchidimbu nekuti i "chembere rocker" inotowanikwa munharaunda-yakagadzirwa ISOs kune mamwe maLinux kugoverwa. Iwe wakaverenga kuti iri pamakumbo ayo ekupedzisira, asi imhaka yekuti yakavakirwa paX11.
Nguva inoshanda sechiitiko chekuve maneja wehwindo iyo, kana yakagadziriswa zvakanaka, inopa a yakagadzikana mushandisi ruzivo. Kutaura nezvezvigadziriso, inogona kugadzirwa nekugadzirisa iri nyore text file.
Iyo interface iri nyore kwazvo, isina frills, iyo inobatsira kuita kuti ireruke.
Sway
Sway ndiye maneja wehwindo anounzwa sekushanduka kwei3. Iine zvakawanda zvakafanana nayo, uye musiyano mukuru ndewekuti inobva pairi Wayland, inova graphical server iyo ese mapurojekiti esoftware nevagadziri vari kuenda kwairi.
Sway's interface ndeyechimanjemanje kupfuura X11.
Openbox
Openbox inozivikanwa nezvayo nyore uye kuchinjika, uye inowanzoshandiswa mune minimalist kana tsika desktop nharaunda. Kugadziriswa kwayo kuri nyore kupfuura mamwe mamaneja emahwindo, uye zvakare yakanyanya intuitive, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakwana kune avo vanoda kubva padesktop kuenda kune maneja wehwindo. Ndizvo zvakagadzira Mabox Chikamu chenharaunda yeLinux chinochida zvakanyanya.
Bspwm
Bspwm maneja wewindow ane mataira akavakirwa panzira ye "inoyerera windows" uye inogadziriswa zvakanyanya, uye tsananguro iyi inoshandawo kune yapfuura poindi. Vazhinji vashandisi vane ruzivo vanosarudza Bspwm, uye zviri nyore kwauri kuti uione paYouTube pane imwe chiteshi chehunyanzvi hwekombuta.
Chiedza
Kuvhenekerwa kwakavhoterwa imwe yeiyo madhesiki akanakisa aripo yeLinux, asi vagadziri vayo vanozvitsanangura se "maneja wewindow" uye isu tichafanirwa kuiteerera. Chainacho ndechekuti inotaridzika sedesktop pane dzimwe sarudzo, saka zviri nyore kushandisa kunyangwe kune avo vasina kumboshandisa hwindo maneja.
Inotsigira X11 senzira huru, asi ivo vatotanga kutsigira Wayland.
Ndeupi akanakisa hwindo maneja?
Ini ndinosiya bhora mudare rako, kana zvirinani mudare renyanzvi dzakawanda. Chinhu chandisingade kupindira machiri. Zvakadaro, ndinogona kutaura kuti ndaifarira i3, Sway, Openbox ...