25 ga Agusta, 1991, bayan watanni biyar na ci gaba, dalibi mai shekaru 21, Linus Torvalds, ya sanar a taron wayar tarho comp.os.minix cewa an kammala samfurin aiki na sabon tsarin aiki Linux, Porting bash 1.08 da gcc 1.40.
Wannan hanyar ba da sani ba zai zama farkon sakin jama'a na Linux kernel wanda aka gabatar a ranar 17 ga Satumba. Kernel 0.0.1 an matsa shi cikin 62 KB kuma ya ƙunshi kusan layin 10.000 na lambar tushe, wanda ba kamar sigar yanzu ba, ƙwayar Linux ta zamani tana da layukan lamba sama da miliyan 30.
Kernel na Linux aka yi wahayi zuwa da MINIX tsarin aiki, wanda bai dace da Linus da iyakataccen lasisinsa ba. Daga baya, lokacin da Linux ya zama sanannen aiki, masu zagi yayi kokarin zargin Linus da kwafa kai tsaye lambar wasu tsarin tsarin MINIX.
Andrew Tanenbaum, marubucin MINIX ne ya kori harin. wanda ya umurci ɗalibi ya yi cikakken kwatancen lambar Minix da sigar jama'a na farko na Linux. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna kasancewar ƙananan lambobin toshe matches guda huɗu kawai, saboda buƙatun POSIX da ANSI C.
Tun da farko Linus yayi tunanin sanyawa kernel Freax suna, daga kalmomin “kyauta”, “freak” da X (Unix). Amma Ari Lemmke ya ba da sunan "Linux" ga kwaya. wanda, bisa ga bukatar Linus, ya sanya kernel a kan uwar garken FTP na jami'a, inda ya sanya sunan directory tare da fayil ba "freax", kamar yadda Torvalds ya nema, amma "linux".
Abin lura shi ne cewa hamshakin dan kasuwan nan William Della Croce ya yi nasarar yin rijistar alamar kasuwanci ta Linux kuma yana son karbar sarauta a kan lokaci, amma daga baya ya canza ra'ayinsa kuma ya tura duk haƙƙoƙin alamar kasuwanci ga Linus. An zaɓi mascot na hukuma na Linux kernel, penguin Tux, sakamakon wata gasa da aka gudanar a 1996 kuma sunanta Tux yana nufin Torvalds UniX.
Amma ga tarihin ci gaban kwaya, mun raba kadan daga ciki:
- Satumba 1991: Linux 0.0.1, sakin jama'a na farko wanda kawai ke goyan bayan i386 CPU da takalmi daga faifan floppy.
Janairu 1992: Linux 0.12, an fara rarraba lambar a ƙarƙashin lasisin GPLv2 - Maris 1992: Linux 0.95, ya ba da ikon gudanar da Tsarin Window na X, goyan baya ga ƙwaƙwalwar kama -da -wane da musayar musanyawa, da rabe -raben SLS na farko da Yggdrasil sun bayyana.
- A lokacin rani na 1993, An kafa ayyukan Slackware da Debian.
Maris 1994: Linux 1.0, sigar barga ta farko a hukumance.
Maris 1995: Linux 1.2, ƙaruwa mai mahimmanci a cikin adadin direbobi, tallafi ga dandamali na Alpha, MIPS da SPARC, faɗaɗa ƙarfin tari na cibiyar sadarwa, bayyanar fakitin fakiti, tallafin NFS. - Yuni 1996: Linux 2.0, tallafi don tsarin sarrafawa da yawa.
- Janairu 1999: Linux 2.2, haɓaka tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙara tallafi don IPv6, aiwatar da sabon firewall, gabatar da sabon tsarin sauti.
- Featurer daga 2001: Linux 2.4, tallafi don tsarin sarrafawa 8 da 64 GB na RAM, tsarin fayil na Ext3, USB, tallafin ACPI.
- Disamba 2003: Linux 2.6, tallafin SELinux, kayan aikin gyaran kernel na atomatik, sysfs, tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
- A cikin Satumba 2008, an ƙirƙiri sigar farko ta dandamalin Android dangane da kernel na Linux.
- A watan Yulin 2011, bayan shekaru 10 na bunƙasa reshen 2.6.x, an yi sauyi zuwa lambar 3.x.
- A 2015, Linux 4.0, adadin abubuwan git a cikin wurin ajiya ya kai miliyan 4.
- A watan Afrilu na 2018, Na shawo kan shingen abubuwa miliyan 6 git-core a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya.
- A watan Janairun 2019, An kafa reshen kernel Linux 5.0.
- An buga a watan Agusta 2020, kernel 5.8 shine mafi girma dangane da yawan canje -canjen dukkan kernels a duk tsawon rayuwar aikin.
- A 2021, lambar don haɓaka direbobi a cikin harshen Rust an ƙara shi zuwa reshe na gaba na kernel Linux.
- A watan Agusta 2022, An kafa reshen Linux kernel 6.0, saboda akwai isassun iri a reshen 5.x don canza lamba ta farko a lambar sigar.