Akwai glut na rarrabawar Linux, kodayake yawancinsu ba sa gudummawar wani abu mai fa'ida ko sabo. A cikin wannan sakon za mu magance ɗaya daga cikin keɓancewa kamar yadda za mu ga yadda ake sakawa KaliLinux.
Wannan rarrabuwar tushen Debian an keɓance shi don amfani a ayyukan tsaro na kwamfuta, babu shakka daya daga cikin sassan ayyukan fasaha da za su yi girma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Gaskiyar cewa duk kayan aikin da Kali Linux ya haɗa suna da kyauta (ban da kasancewar buɗaɗɗen tushe) babu shakka ya sa ya zama zaɓi don la'akari.
Menene gwajin shiga
Kali Linux rarraba ne don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen shiga ciki.
Gwajin shigar ciki shine uHanya don nemo lahani a cikin tsarin kwamfuta ta hanyar kwaikwayon harin kamar yadda masu laifi za su yi.
Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa
- Shirya: A wannan mataki an ayyana makasudin gwajin da kuma wane bangare na tsarin za a gudanar da shi. Hakanan yana ƙayyade nau'ikan cak ɗin da za a gudanar da kuma tattara bayanan da suka dace don samun nasara.
- Bincike: A wannan mataki, za a yi ƙoƙari don fahimtar yadda aikace-aikacen da ke binciken zai amsa yunƙurin kutse. Ana iya yin hakan ko dai ta hanyar nazarin lambar aikace-aikacen kafin gudanar da shi ko kuma yayin da yake gudana.
- Bincika da amfani da maki masu rauni: A wannan mataki, ana gwada nau'ikan hare-haren kwamfuta iri-iri don gano lahani kuma da zarar an gano su, a yi ƙoƙarin cin gajiyar su.
- Dagewar shiga: Manufar wannan mataki shine a yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye shiga mara izini ba tare da an gano shi ba muddin zai yiwu.
- Bincike: Da zarar an gama gwajin, za a tantance ko wane irin lahani ne aka gano, ko wane bayani aka samu, da kuma tsawon lokacin da harin ya kai ba tare da an gano shi ba.
Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen shiga ciki da yawa. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:
- Gwaje-gwaje na waje: Ana jagorantar su zuwa sassan tsarin kwamfuta da za a iya shiga daga waje. Wannan lamari ne na aikace-aikacen hannu, gidajen yanar gizo, sabar imel ko sunayen yanki. Za a yi ƙoƙarin amfani da su don samun damar yin amfani da bayanan sirri.
- Gwajin ciki: Yana kwatanta harin wani akan tsarin daga ciki. Ko dai mutumin da a zahiri aka ba shi dama ko kuma wanda ya samu ta hanyar dabarun phishing.
- Gwajin makaho: Masu tantancewa sun san abin da harin zai kasance, amma ba yadda za a kai harin ba.
- Gwajin makafi biyu: Manajojin tsaro ba su ma san ana yin gwaji ba.
- Gwaje-gwajen da aka jagoranta: Jami'an tsaro da masu gwajin sun san inda aka kai harin tare da musayar bayanai.
Yadda ake shigar da Kali Linux
A gidan yanar gizon Kali Linux mun sami zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don saukewa. Wasu ana iya shigarwa wasu kuma suna goyan bayan yanayin Live.
Ofaya daga cikin halayen Kali Linux shine cewa ana iya siffanta shi da gaske azaman dandamalin giciye. kamar yadda zai iya aiki akan kwamfutoci guda ɗaya kamar Raspberry Pi da kuma mafi ƙarfi na kwamfutoci na sirri. Shi ya sa lokacin zabar abin da za mu zazzage muna da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa.
- Hotunan da za a iya shigarwa: Ana iya shigar dasu ba tare da buƙatar haɗin Intanet ba. Ba kamar sauran rarrabawar Linux ba, ba za a iya gudanar da su a cikin yanayin rayuwa ba (ta amfani da RAM kamar faifai). Ana ba da shawarar nau'ikan shigarwa lokacin da ba ku san zaɓin zaɓi ba.
- Hotunan da za a iya shigar da hanyar sadarwa: Wannan hanyar sadarwa na shigarwa yana buƙatar haɗin Intanet don samun fakitin don shigar. Wannan yana da fa'idar cewa zai shigar da mafi yawan nau'ikan yanzu, amma rashin amfanin da yake ɗaukar tsawon lokaci don girka. Yana buƙatar ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da hanyar da ta gabata kuma baya goyan bayan yanayin rayuwa.
- Hotunan kai tsaye: Ana iya tafiyar da shi daga dvd ko filasha ba tare da sanyawa ko amfani da shi azaman kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa ba, amma sabanin hanyoyin da suka gabata baya goyan bayan gyare-gyare.
- Komai: Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, wannan zaɓin ya haɗa da gabaɗayan kewayon kayan aikin Kali Linux. Yana buƙatar babban ma'ajiyar iya aiki kuma yana samuwa a cikin nau'i biyu: Installable da Live.
Kasuwanci
Sifofin da za a iya shigarwa suna ba mu damar zaɓar tebur da nau'ikan fakiti daban-dabans. Tsoffin tebur ɗin shine XFCE kodayake kuma yana yiwuwa a shigar da wasu. Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da tsarin tare da aikace-aikace ba tare da zane mai hoto ba.
Tarin fakiti (Metapackages) akwai
Metapackages rukuni ne ko tarin fakiti waɗanda za'a iya shigar dasu tare. lokacin shigarwa ko bayan shigarwa: Wasu daga cikinsu sune:
- kali-desktop-core: Kayan aikin da ake buƙata ta aikace-aikace tare da dubawar hoto
- kali-desktop-e17: Manajan taga fadakarwa
- kali-desktop-gnome: Tebur na GNOME
- kali-desktop-i3: i3 Manager taga
- kali-desktop-kde: KDE tebur
- kali-desktop-lxde: LXDE tebur
- kali-desktop-mate: MATT tebur
- kali-desktop-xfce: Xfce tebur
- kali-tools-gpu: Kayan aikin da ke buƙatar amfani mai ƙarfi na katin zane
- kali-tools-hardware: kayan aikin hacking hardware
- kali-tools-crypto-stego: kayan aiki dangane da cryptography da steganography
- kali-kayan aiki-fuzzing: Don ƙa'idodi masu ban mamaki
- kali-kayan aiki-802-11: 802.11: Kayan aiki don cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya
- kali-tools-bluetooth: Binciken na'urorin Bluetooth
- kali-tools-rfid: kayan aikin gano mitar rediyo
- kali-tools-sdr: software da aka ayyana kayan aikin rediyo
- kali-tools-voip: murya akan kayan aikin IP
- kali-tools-windows-resources: Kayan aiki don nazarin tsarin Windows.
Hanyar shigarwa
Kodayake akwai kayan aikin da yawa don ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa na Kali Linux, Ventoy ya dace saboda kawai dole ne mu ja hoton zuwa filasha.
Kamar yadda muka ce, akwai bambance-bambancen Kali Linux da yawa tare da hanyoyin shigarwa daban-daban.. Bari mu mai da hankali kan hoton da aka girka mai 64-bit. Don wasu juzu'i da gine-gine za ku iya tuntuɓar takardun hukuma.
Abubuwan buƙatun tsarin sune:
- 128 MB na RAM (512 MB shawarar) da 2 GB na sararin faifai idan ba a yi amfani da ƙirar hoto ba.
- 2 GB na RAM da 20 GB na sararin faifai tare da tebur da tarin fakiti ta tsohuwa.
- Akalla 8 GB na RAM don mafi yawan aikace-aikacen neman albarkatu.
Matakan da dole ne a bi su ne:
- Saukewa Hoton Kali Linux.
- Ajiye hoton akan filasha ta shigarwa. Shawarata ita ce a yi amfani Yaren Ventoy.
- A cikin zaɓuɓɓukan BIOS, kashe amintaccen taya kuma zaɓi filasha a matsayin na'urar taya.
- Sake kunna tsarin.
- Zaɓi tsakanin yanayin shigarwa na hoto ko rubutu.
- Zaɓi harshen.
- Nuna wurin wurin ku.
- Yana ƙayyade shimfidar madannai. Mutanen Espanya daga Spain ko Latin Amurka.
- Tsarin zai yi ƙoƙarin ƙayyade nau'in haɗin cibiyar sadarwa. Game da hanyar sadarwa mara waya dole ne ka shigar da bayanan da suka dace.
- Idan kana so zaka iya shigar da suna wanda ke gano kayan aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwa.
- Abin da ke biyo baya shine shigar da bayanan asusun da suka hada da cikakken suna, sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri.
- Mataki na gaba shine ƙayyade yankin lokaci.
- Matakin da za ku taɓa na gaba zai iya zama mai sauƙi ko rikitarwa. Da zarar mai sakawa ya nuna maka faifan da ke akwai za ka iya gaya masa ya yi amfani da tukin gabaɗaya, yi amfani da sarari mara amfani ko da hannu saita inda za a shigar da Kali Linux da nawa sarari zai ɗauka.
- Tabbatar da zaɓin kuma mu yanke shawara idan muka ɓoye faifan.
- Idan haɗin Intanet yana buƙatar wakili, shigar da mahimman bayanai.
- Zaɓi nau'ikan fakiti don shigarwa.
- Ƙayyade inda za a shigar da bootloader.
- Lokacin da aka gama shigarwa, sake kunna tsarin.