Yin wasa tare da bututu a cikin Linux: misalai masu amfani

da bututu ko bututu suna daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyar Unix da Linux suka gada. Tare da su zaku iya yin abubuwa da yawa masu amfani a cikin tashar don haɗa umarnin. Wani abu da baza ku iya yi ba idan babu su. Amma har yanzu suna haifar da wasu rikicewa ga wasu masu amfani da ƙarancin ƙwarewa ko waɗanda suka isa duniya * nix daga wani tsarin aiki kamar Microsoft Windows.

Saboda haka, tare da wannan darasin zamuyi wasa dasu ta hanyar nunawa wasu misalai masu amfani hakan na iya taimaka muku a cikin yau da kullun yayin aiki a kan layin umarni. Zaka ga yadda suke da sauƙin amfani kuma zasu iya taimakawa da yawa. Don haka ina baku shawarar ci gaba da karatu da ganin misalai ...

• "Rarraba" fitowar umarnin. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya amfani da ƙari ko toasa don iya kewaya ta hanyar fitowar bayanai na kowane umarni. Misali, fitowar jerin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi, ko hanyoyin aiwatarwa waɗanda ke amsa sunan "ofishi":

ls -al | more

ps aux | grep office | less

• Idaya yawan layuka hakan yana da fitowar umarni ko fayil. Misali, duba layukan da file na example.txt yake da su ko yawan matakan da ke gudana (tuna a cire 1, saboda layin farko shine taken) har ma da yawan fayiloli ko kundin adireshi:

cat ejemplo.txt | wc -l
ps aux | wc -l
ls | wc -l

• Nemi takamaiman layi ko kalma, misali IP yana farawa tare da 192.168 na hanyoyin sadarwar mai aiki:

 
ifconfig | grep 192.168

• Gano takamaiman dabi'u, misali izinin izini na fayiloli da kundayen adireshi, kuma nuna PIDs na matakan da suka dace tare da tsarin:

 
ls -lR | grep rwx
ps aux -ef | grep systemd | awk '{ print $2 }'

• Sanya layi na fayil a cikin jerin abjadi:

cat ejemplo.txt | sort 

• Duba layin farko na 10 na ƙarshe na ƙarshe na fayil, amma waɗanda kawai suka ƙunshi takamaiman kalma:

head /var/log/syslog | grep WARNING
tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep error