Shin akwai wani abin da za mu iya yi don rasa rashi mai yawa daga facin Meltdown da Specter?

Intel yana so ya ba da uzurin hakan Rushewa da Specter Matsalarsa ce, sannan ya gyara kuma ya gabatar da sanarwa a bainar jama'a inda ya ambaci AMD da ARM a matsayin abokan haɗin fasahar da yake aiki tare da su don magance matsalar kuma ta wannan hanyar ya nuna su ma, amma duka ARM da AMD ba haka bane wanda abin ya shafa saboda irin wannan yanayin kamar yadda Intel yake, tunda Meltdown ya kusan zama na musamman ne ga Intel microprocessors (da wasu ARMs) kuma Specter yana shafar ƙarin microprocessors, amma ba daidai ba kuma Intel ya sake ɗaukar mafi munin ɓangare.

Sun kuma yi saurin faɗin hakan asarar aiki Zai zama kusan ba komai, cewa masu amfani ba za su lura da shi ba bayan sanya facin. Kuma gaskiyane cewa babu asara kamar yadda ake tsammani a mafi yawan lokuta, amma gaskiyane cewa gwargwadon ƙarfina na ɓarnatar asarar zata iya zama kadan ko kuma mai tsanani. Sun riga sun gane shi kuma yanzu sun riga sun gudanar da wasu gwaje-gwaje tare da alamomi don ƙididdige asarar da za ku iya samu a cikin Intel bayan shigar da facin da ya dace a kan tsarinku, kuma duk da cewa an gudanar da gwajin tare da Microsoft Windows, don Linux da sauran tsarin kamar macOS zasuyi kama ...

Kimanin asarar aiki ...

Kamar yadda na ce, wannan asarar kashi 30% ba haka take ba, aƙalla a cikin sabbin samfuran CPU da aka fitar. Yayin tsofaffin kwakwalwan ku, mafi yawan asarar aiki hakan na nufin ɗaukaka tare da facin Meltdown da Specter. Gwajin da Intel ta yi ya kamata a ɗauka tare da hanzaki, tun da ina tsammanin zaɓaɓɓun matakan da aka zaɓa sun amfanar da masana'anta kuma ba a sanya su cikin mafi munin yanayi ba, ban da haka an auna matakan la'akari da aikace-aikacen yau da kullun da mai amfani ke amfani da su , amma kamar yadda kuka sani dangane da software zai iya bambanta.

Hakanan Intel ma ta sake yin wata yaudara don ma'aunai, kuma hakane yi amfani da mashin din SSD a cikin dukkan kayan aikin da ya yi amfani da su, wani abu wanda zai zama ɗayan ci gaban da za mu iya sa kanmu mu yaƙi tasirin. Haka ne, idan muka canza HDD don SSD, saurin isa ga na karshen zai fi sauri sauri kuma zubar da TLB yana nufin rashi ƙasa da abin da za a iya bayarwa a cikin diski na al'ada. Sabili da haka, idan kuna da HDD bayanai daga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen Intel suna da kyakkyawan fata kuma kada kuyi tsammanin samun bayanan daga waɗannan alamun. Kari akan haka, ba a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ba tare da dukkan samfuran amma sun zabi kowane ɗayan tsara, ina tsammanin sun sake zaɓan waɗanda ke nuna ingantattun bayanai don hoton alama.

Sakamakon kasance:

• Intel Core 8th Generation (Kaby Lake da Coffe Lake): An kiyasta cewa matsakaicin tasirin aiki zai zama 6% don yawancin ayyuka kuma a cikin aikace-aikacen yanar gizo kamar aiwatar da lambar JavaScript zaka iya ganin asara har zuwa 10%.
• Intel Core 7th Generation (Kaby Lake-H): a nan don aikace-aikacen ofis da sauransu aikin zai faɗi da kashi 7%, maki ɗaya ya fi na baya kuma dangane da aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo shima zai ƙara kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da na 8.
• 6th Gen Intel Core (Skylake-S): kusan 8% yawanci… Amma a cikin takamaiman gwajin da ake kira Responsiveness daga SYSMark 2014 SE, an gano asara har zuwa 79% koda lokacin amfani da SSD.
• Intel kafin wannan: Da kyau, ba a gwada gwaje-gwaje a wannan lokacin ba, aƙalla ba jama'a ba, amma tare da kowane ƙarni ya kamata ku ƙara ƙarin maki ga abin da aka gani a cikin ukun ƙarshe, tunda waɗannan ukun ƙarshe ya kamata su zama waɗanda asara ta ragu sosai. Yaya game da masu sarrafawa daga shekaru 10 da suka gabata misali? Za mu ga martanin masu amfani ...

Tare da nauyin aikin da Intel ta gwada asara waɗannan sune don waɗancan zamanin, amma ...kuma tare da yawan aiki? Ina tsammanin za a sami ƙarin rikice-rikice daga masu amfani da damuwa ba da daɗewa ba. Tabbas, yan wasa na iya zama dan nutsuwa saboda wasannin bidiyo basa buƙatar kira da yawa ga tsarin don aikin su, saukar da aikin a gare su ba haka bane kuma yana iya kusan 2% kuma FPS kusan ba ta lalace ba.

Yaya za a inganta aikin daga ra'ayi na zahiri?

Amma ga kayan aiki zamu iya saka kuɗi kaɗan don rama asarar rashin aiki:

• CPU: zamu iya haɓaka CPU zuwa samfurin zamani idan kwandonmu da kwakwalwarmu suna tallafawa ta, saboda haka fa'idodi daga haɗuwa da microarchitecture na zamani ko mai sarrafawa tare da kyawawan halaye na iya ɓoye wannan asarar aikin, kodayake a bayyane yake daidai da guntu da kuka gabata, sabon kuma zai sami asarar aiki dangane da tsarin da bai dace ba. Abu mai ma'ana ba zai sabunta microprocessor ba sai dai idan muna da tsohuwar kuma asara sananniya ce kuma tuni an riga an daidaita ta muyi tunanin canjin.
• RAM: Exparin RAM ɗin ba zai cutar da shi ba, tunda za mu iya ɗaga aikin kaɗan kuma mu sa asarar aiki ya zama mai saurin haƙuri. A wannan yanayin, wataƙila don waɗanda suke da microprocessor na zamani kuma ba sa so su canza shi amma don ƙarancin kuɗi da yawa za mu iya kwatanta sabon tsarin don haka guje wa yin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar sakandare (SWAP) don adana tsari bayanai da kuma cewa microprocessor yana ɗaukar ƙarin hawan keke don lambatu daga TLB.
• Hard disk: Hakanan yana iya zama zaɓi mai kyau don haɗawa da SSD a cikin kayan aikinmu, wannan zai haɓaka ingantaccen aiki ta hanyar rage lokacin samun damar zuwa wannan ƙwaƙwalwar game da HDDs. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa tasirin aikin tare da SSDs zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa Intel tayi amfani dasu don yin gwajin. Kuna iya barin HDD ɗinka koyaushe azaman faifai don bayanai da SSD don software.
• Overclocking: Muddin ka san abin da kake yi, wataƙila yanzu lokaci ne mai kyau don yin caca kan overclocking tsarinka don samun fewan ɗari megahertz a buɗe a cikin CPU ... Amma kar ka manta cewa wannan na iya haifar da matsalar kwanciyar hankali a wasu kwakwalwan kwamfuta kuma musamman yakamata ku inganta sanyaya, sabili da haka zai iya haifar da tsadar tattalin arziki.

Tabbas babu wani canje-canjen kayan aikin da yake da arha, kuma idan muna so mu dawo da wani ɓangare na aikin, dole ne mu kashe kuɗi. Babu shakka ba duk masu amfani ke buƙatar yin wannan ba, kawai waɗanda aikin ke da mahimmanci. Hakanan, idan CPU ɗinku na zamani ne, zaku ga cewa asara ba ta da yawa, kuma yakamata kuyi la’akari da canjin abubuwa lokacin da kayan aikinku suka tsufa ko kuma lokacin da aikace-aikacen da kuke amfani da su suka lura da lalacewar facet kamar bayanai, da dai sauransu.

Yaya za a inganta aikin software?

Yin watsi da kuɗaɗen kuɗin taɓa kayan aikinmu ya kamata mu tambayi kanmu idan da wannan kayan aikin muke da su za mu iya yin wani abu a cikin rarrabawar GNU / Linux ɗinmu don rashin asarar aiki ya zama abin lura sosai. Amsar ita ce cewa tabbas za mu iya yin wani abu kuma kowane irin aiki ne cewa ta hanyar sauya saitunan na iya taimakawa aiki. Kuma tabbas wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan daidaitawa kun riga kun sani:

• AMD: Idan kana da AMD CPU yakamata ka guji faci, kodayake wannan haɗari ne, tunda waɗannan kwakwalwan basu da cikakkiyar 'yanci daga Specter amma gaskiyane cewa haɗarin yayi ƙasa sosai saboda banbancin gine-gine tsakanin Intel da AMD ... Duk da haka Ba da daɗewa ba ko kuma daga baya kwaya za ta iso wacce kuka riga kun sami waɗannan facin ɗin kuma ba zai zama da kyau a yi amfani da kwaya ba tare da sabunta wasu matsaloli ba. Mafi kyawun shine tsarin daidaitawa don musaki wannan akan wasu CPUs ...
• Murna: Ba zan taɓa taɓa yanayin kernel ba sosai game da Matsalar Cache, amma muna iya canza Swappiness musamman idan muna da HDD, tunda a yanayin samun SSD bambanci zai zama ƙasa. Imar Swappines tana sa kwaya ta canza fifikon amfani da RAM / SWAP. Aimar 0 ko ƙarami yana nufin cewa ba za a yi amfani da SWAP da yawa ba don haka zai ɗan faɗi kaɗan daga asarar aiki bayan shigar da facin Specter da Meltdown. Koyaya, zai zama mai kyau a sami wadataccen RAM don wannan matakin ba zai shafi yin aiki a ɗaya hannun ba. Idan kuna da damar RAM mai kyau da HDD, ku guji ƙimarta masu girma ko kusa da 100 saboda zasu fi amfani da swap SWAP swap kuma zasu bar RAM fanko, saboda haka zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci don samun bayanai da umarnin da aka shirya a can . Don ganin ƙimar Swappiness ɗinka na yanzu za mu iya amfani da kattin mahaɗan kuma don sauya ƙimar sysctl, misali don saka 10% na SWAP da 90% na RAM:

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10

• Amfani muhallin tebur mara nauyi ko don rarrabawa gaba ɗaya tare da yanayin zane, a duk lokacin da mai yiwuwa kuma mai amfani ya ji daɗin yanayin rubutu, ƙyamar matsala ce amma wacce ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga aiki. Idan a cikin sha'anin ku ba kwa son barin fa'idodin GUI, zaku iya zaɓar distro mai nauyi. Ka tuna cewa kowane nauyin aiki da ka ɗauke yana nufin albarkatun da za'a iya amfani dasu don wasu dalilai.
• Kuma tare da abin da na yi sharhi a cikin sakin layi na baya in faɗi cewa zai zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi a dakatar da waɗannan aljanun daga ayyukan da ba mu amfani da su. Wannan ba kawai yana inganta aikin ba, har ma da aminci. Umurnin kisan zai iya kasancewa abokin ka don kashe hanyoyin da ba dole ba.
• Idan baku san yadda ake saita SELinux ba yadda yakamata yafi kyau amfani dashi, zaɓi wasu hanyoyin tsaro. Kodayake yana inganta tsaro sosai amma yana da nauyi ƙwarai, kuma idan an saita shi ba daidai ba bazai yuwu da asara mai yawa na aikin da zata iya tsammani ba.
• Koyaushe tattara software daga tusheHakanan zaka iya amfani da takamaiman tutocin tarawa don inganta umarnin don takamaiman CPU, wanda zai inganta aikin.
• Kafa wani kwaya kamar yadda haske ne sosai kawar da duk waɗannan masu kula waɗanda ba mu amfani da su don kar a samar da hoto mai girman gaske, kuma idan sun kasance na sakandare ne, kar a yi musu alama don a haɗa su a cikin ɗakin ajiyar, amma a matsayin kayayyaki. Zaɓuɓɓukan sanyi masu alaƙa da CPU ɗin da zaku samu a cikin jeri na iya inganta aikin da yawa.
• Zaɓi tsarin fayil mai kyau:
  • btrfs: kyakkyawan aiki gabaɗaya, har ma yafi kyau fiye da ext4 don haka zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi.
  • ext4: kyakkyawan aiki gabaɗaya.
  • JFS: Babu ƙarancin amfani da CPU, saboda haka zaɓi ne don la'akari.
  • XFS: idan kun riƙe manya-manyan fayiloli, kamar su tarin bayanai zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi don aikinta. A gefe guda, don mai amfani na yau da kullun yana iya zama mai cutarwa tunda aikinta yana daɗa lalacewa tare da ƙananan fayiloli.
  • ReiserFS: kishiyar wanda ya gabata ne, kyakkyawan aiki ga ƙananan fayiloli.
• Bazan baka shawara ba cewa ka tanadi sararin kwakwalwar RAM kuma ɗora wasu nau'ikan FS can a matsayin madadin SSD ko ɗorawa / tmp can, tunda gaskiyane cewa zai inganta lokacin samun damar wannan bayanan da aka shirya a can amma kuma zaiyi amfani da CPU. Don haka guji irin wannan aikin ko amfani da matattarar abubuwa, da sauransu.
• Akwai kuma kayan haɓaka kayan aiki na tsarinmu, don haka zai zama da kyau a yi amfani da wannan software na kiyayewa lokaci-lokaci don taimakawa inganta aikin. Misali verynice ... Kuma yanzu da na rubuta wannan sunan sai kawai na tuna da umarni kamar masu kyau, renice da ionice wadanda zasu iya zama masu dacewa musamman a cikin waɗannan lamuran. Mun riga munyi magana akan su a cikin LxA.
• Akwai kuma dabaru a kan yanar gizo don shirye-shirye daban-daban, idan kuna amfani da kowane lokaci zaku iya neman waɗannan dabaru don hanzarta su. Misali na Firefox, LibreOffice, SSH, da sauransu.

Kar ka manta barin naka tsokaci, shakku ko shawarwari...