Ventoy: createirƙiri USB wanda za'a iya ɗauka kawai ta hanyar jan ISO zuwa pendrive

Lokacin da muke son gwadawa ko shigar da rarraba Linux, yawancinmu muna ƙirƙirar Live USB ko USB na shigarwa. Akwai software da yawa don yin shi (kamar Etcher o Rufus) akan kusan kowane tsarin aiki, amma ƙalilan idan dukansu na musamman ne kamar Yaren Ventoy cewa ni kaina na gano wannan makon albarkacin blog Taron Linux. Baya ga bayar da rahoton wanzuwarsa, matsakaiciyar tana ba mu duk bayanan da suka dace don shigar da kayan aikin kan Linux (kuma a can ma suna magana game da sigar Windows).

Amma menene menene ya sanya Ventoy na musamman? Da kyau, da zarar an girka (an sanya shi a kan pendrive) kuma wannan yana da mahimmanci a la'akari saboda dole ne kuyi yawo cikin tashar don yin hakan, ƙirƙirar Bootable USB yana da sauƙi kamar jan ISO na tsarin aiki mai jituwa to mu pendrive. Kuma menene mafi kyau, zamu iya sanya hotunan ISO da yawa, don haka ana iya amfani da wannan USB ɗin don girka Ubuntu, Manjaro ko ma Windows.

Fa'idodin da Ventoy ke bayarwa

• Za mu iya ƙara ISO da yawa zuwa guda ɗaya. Lokacin da muka ƙara fiye da ɗaya, lokacin da muka fara daga USB za mu ga menu wanda zai ba mu damar zaɓar wacce ISO za mu fara.
• Akwai don Windows, amma kuma don Linux.
• Ya haɗa da zane mai zane, amma kawai akan Windows. Masu amfani da Linux dole suyi amfani da tashar kamar yadda zamuyi bayani anan gaba.
• USB ɗin na iya ci gaba da amfani da shi azaman al'ada, wanda ke nufin cewa za mu iya adana takardu a cikin sarari kyauta. Idan muna buƙatar ƙarin sarari, kawai zamu share ɗaya ko fiye na ƙarin hotunan.
• Taimako don "Legacy" da "UEFI Secure Boot".
• Yana aiki tare da hotuna sama da 260, gami da waɗanda suka shahara kamar Debian / Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Windows 7-10, da ƙananan mashahurai kamar ALT Linux.
• Taimako na dagewa (adana canje-canje).
• Shigar da kai, wanda zaiyi aiki akan tsarin tallafi.
• Ana tallafawa fayilolin taya na WIM.
• Tana goyon bayan hotunan ISO wadanda suka fi 4GB girma.
• Yiwuwar sabunta Ventoy (wanda muke tuna ana yin sa a pendrive) ba tare da tsari ba.

Yadda ake girka kayan aikin daga Linux

La'akari da cewa wannan shafin yana game da Linux (kodayake dole ne a tunatar da masu ƙiyayya cewa wani lokaci muna yin rubutu game da wasu batutuwa don dalilai na sha'awa gaba ɗaya), abin da kawai za mu ce game da version don Windows shine cewa ya hada da zane mai zane sosai ilhama. Abu na gaba, zamuyi bayanin yadda ake girka Ventoy a kan pendrive daga Linux, kuma ni da kaina na godewa Linux Uprising don aikin da aka yi kuma a kan abin da wannan labarin ya dogara:

1. Mun zazzage fayil don Linux daga shafin saukarwa. A lokacin rubuta wannan labarin, samfurin da ake da shi shine ventoy-1.0.12-linux.tar.gz kuma hanyar haɗin kai tsaye zuwa saukar da ita shine wannan.
2. Muna cire fayil din tar.gz da aka zazzage a cikin matakin da ya gabata. Idan bakayi canje-canje ba anan gaba, yanzunnan zamu sami manyan fayiloli guda uku da kuma rubutun guda biyu. Na farko shine Ventoy2Disk.sh, wanda zai girka kayan aikin a USB, na biyu kuma shine CreatePersistentImg.sh, wanda zai kirkiri hoto mai dorewa.
3. Yanzu dole ne mu gano sunan na'urar USB. Don yin wannan, muna haɗa shi da kwamfutar kuma rubuta umarnin mai zuwa:

sudo parted -l

4. Da zarar an shigar da umarnin da ya gabata, zai nuna mana fayafai da rabe-raben da aka haɗe zuwa kwamfutar, gami da USB. Dole ne mu bincika menene. Mafi kyawu don sauƙaƙa abubuwa shine cewa an haɗa ɗaya kawai, wanda muke son amfani dashi. Sakamakon sakamako ɗaya zai iya kasancewa / dev / sdd. Idan akwai bangarori, za'a sami lambobi a bayansa, kamar / dev / sdd1 ko / dev / sdd2.
5. Nan gaba dole ne mu sauke bangarorin tare da wannan umarnin, inda yakamata mu maye gurbin "sdXN" tare da bangarorinmu don sauka. A cikin misalin da ke sama dole ne ku rubuta bayan umarni (sau ɗaya a kowane bangare) / dev / sdd1 da / dev / sdd2:

sudo umount /dev/sdXN

Shigar da software

6. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a girka Ventoy, amma ba a faɗakar da hakan ba, kamar yadda aka saba lokacin da za mu yi amfani da sandar USB don waɗannan abubuwa, DATA DATA ZATA RASA. A wannan matakin, dole ne mu buɗe tashar mota kuma muyi tafiya zuwa hanyar da muka samo Ventoy.
7. Don shigar da Ventoy akan kebul ɗin USB zamuyi amfani da waɗannan umarnin (muna tuna canza X don harafin sunan da aka samu a mataki na 4):
   • Ba tare da Amintaccen Boot ba:

sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i /dev/sdX

• • Tare da Amintaccen Boot:

sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i -s /dev/sdX

8. Zai tambaye mu idan sunan USB yayi daidai kuma zamu tabbatar tare da harafin «y», sannan latsa Shigar.

Kuma wannan zai zama duka. Yanzu zamu iya jan ISO a cikin naúrar mu fara daga wacce ta fi dacewa da mu.

Yadda ake ƙirƙirar USB mai ɗorewa tare da adana ajiya tare da Ventoy

Idan abin da muke so shine ƙirƙirar USB tare da adanawa mai ɗorewa, ban da matakan da suka gabata dole muyi waɗannan wasu:

1. Mun sake buɗe tashar.
2. Muna matsawa zuwa babban fayil inda muka fitar da fayilolin, inda rubutun tare da .sh tsawo suke.
3. A madaidaiciyar hanya, muna rubuta wannan umarnin, wanda zai ƙirƙiri hoto na 4GB EXT4. Idan muna son bangaren da yake dagewa ya zama ya fi girma, dole ne mu kara lamba 4096 (wanda yake 1024MB -1GB- an ninka shi 4)

sudo ./CreatePersistentImg.sh -s 4096

4. Fayil ɗin da aka kirkira za a kira shi "persistence.img" kuma ya kamata a same shi a cikin babban fayil ɗin Ventoy. Muna haɗa pendrive wanda muka girka Ventoy akansa sannan muka kwafi fayil ɗin "persistence.img" zuwa kebul ɗin USB.
5. Yanzu ya zo bangaren fasaha. Dole ne mu ƙirƙiri json sanyi don Ventoy wanda ke ƙunshe da hanyoyi zuwa hoton ISO da fayiloli masu ɗorewa. A kan USB inda muka sanya kayan aikin, mun ƙirƙiri babban fayil da ake kira "ventoy", ba tare da ƙididdigar ba.
6. A cikin wannan babban fayil ɗin mun ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin da ake kira "ventoy.json", kuma ba tare da ƙididdigar ba.
7. Mun buɗe wannan fayil ɗin tare da editan rubutu bayyananne kuma liƙa mai zuwa:

{
    "persistence" : [
        {
            "image": "/ISO-file-name.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence.img"
        }
    ]
}

Daga abin da ke sama dole ne mu canza "ISO-file-name.iso" da sunan ISO (kuma hanyoyi idan ba sa cikin tushen USB) da "persistence.img" da sunan fayil ɗin hoto kuma hanya, idan har mun canza sunan kuma baya cikin asalin USB.

Misali na yadda zai yi kyau idan muka ƙara ISO da yawa zai zama masu zuwa:

{
    "persistence" : [
        {
            "image": "/ISO-file-name.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence-ubuntu-20.04.img"
        },    
        {
            "image": "/linuxmint-19.3-xfce-64bit.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence-linux-mint-19.3.img"
        }
    ]
}

Kuma wannan zai zama duka. A bayyane yake cewa, aƙalla a cikin sigar Linux, abubuwa suna ɗan rikitarwa, amma Ina tsammanin zai zama da daraja lokacin da zamu iya jan ISOs don ƙirƙirar USBs masu ɗorawa har ma da amfani da su tare da adana ajiya.

Shafin aikin hukuma.