A cikin abubuwan da suka gabata mun kalli yadda binciken AI ya fita daga rashin hankali na ƙoƙarin gaya wa ɗan adam daga na'ura ko kwaikwayon tsarin gine-ginen kwakwalwa zuwa software da ke kwaikwayon tsarin tunani.
Idan ci gaban farko ya fito ne daga masana kimiyyar lissafi, masana kimiyyar halittu, masu ilimin halittar jiki da masu lissafi, babban tsalle na gaba zai fito daga wurin da ba a zata ba, kimiyyar siyasa.
Simon da hankali
Idan ka karanta Business Administration tabbas dole ne ka shimfiɗa littafi mai kitse mai suna halayen gudanarwa. Ga abin da yawanci littafin tarihin tsere ne, littafi ne wanda yake da amfani sosai kuma yana da ban sha'awa, kodayake ɗan ɗanɗano ne.
Marubucin mutun ne zai sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin Tattalin Arziki saboda karyata daya daga cikin akidun da aka fi so na Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki. Na masu amfani da hankali.
Ya sauke karatu a Kimiyyar Siyasa aikinsa ya fara karantar hukumomin kananan hukumomi kuma bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin hukumar gudanarwa na Shirin Marshall, ya haɗu da koyarwa a cikin shirin digiri na Gudanar da Masana'antu na abin da ake kira Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon a yanzu.
Menene ma'anar gama-gari tsakanin ma'aikatun hukuma da Intelligence Artificial? Hanyar yanke shawara.
Masana tattalin arziki na gargajiya koyaushe suna tabbatar da cewa mu masu yanke shawara ne masu hankali. A wasu kalmomi, kafin jerin zaɓuɓɓuka, ƴan kasuwa ko masu siye, za mu zaɓi zaɓi wanda zai ƙara fa'ida ko rage farashi mafi yawa. Ƙarshen wannan ita ce idan aka ba da jerin zaɓuɓɓuka iri ɗaya da yanayi duk za mu yanke shawara iri ɗaya.
Simon ya rage girman wannan abin da ake zaton hankali. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mai yanke shawara bai taba yin la’akari da duk hanyoyin da ake da su ba kuma ba duka mu ke amfani da ma’auni daya ba yayin tantance su. Abin da muke yi shi ne amfani da ma'auni iri ɗaya ga duk matsalolin kamar dai girke-girke ne. Wannan shine tushen ilimin lissafi ko tsarin tsarin mulki.
Wata gudunmawa daga Simon wanda Intelligence Artificial ya karɓa Rarraba maƙasudai ne zuwa ƙananan maƙasudai. Isar da maƙasudin ƙasƙanci yana sa sauƙin cimma burin gaba ɗaya.
Farkon software na Intelligence na Artificial
Tare da taimakon Allen Newell, wanda ya kammala karatun Physics, da C Shaw, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya juya masarrafar kwamfuta, Simon ya fara ci gaban Masanin Theorist, wanda aka yi la'akari da shirin Farko na Farko a tarihi.
Ko da yake ainihin manufar shirin shine magance matsalolin dara ko ƙwalƙwalwa, a ƙarshe sun yi amfani da shi don warware ka'idodin sanannen littafin Lissafi. Duk da hakaBa kamar na'urar Turing ba, makasudin ba shine don magance matsalolin ilimin lissafi ba amma don yin koyi da yadda mutane ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓun ilimin lissafi suka ƙaddara mataki na gaba. abin da suka yi.
Neman amsar daidai za a iya wakilta ta hanyar hoto azaman tsari mai kama da bishiya.. Wannan jadawali an san shi da itacen bincike.
A tushen bishiyar bincike shine hasashe na farko. Reshe sun fito ne daga tushen da aka samo bambance-bambancen hasashe na farko, wanda sakamakon yin amfani da ka'idojin dabaru ne. Ana amfani da wasu gyare-gyare ga kowane rassan, suna haifar da ƙananan rassa. Ana maimaita tsarin har sai an kai ga ƙarshe da ake so.
Manufar shirin Saminu da abokansa ba shine hujjar ka'idar ba amma don nemo hanyar da za ta kai ga wannan hujja.. Aikace-aikacen ya binciki bishiyar bisa ga wasu ƙa'idodin da aka riga aka tsara don nemo reshen da zai iya haifar da ingantaccen sakamako. Haka ya yi ta maimaitawa har sai da ya samu tafarki madaidaici.
Idan yunƙurin farko a Artificial Intelligence ya kasance a gefen kwaikwayon tsarin gine-gine na kwakwalwa, Simon da abokan aikinsa sun tafi wata hanya. Sun kwaikwayi yadda kwamfuta ke aiki da mutane. Kafin fara aikin codeing, ƙungiyar ɗaliban da matar Simon ta haɗa tare da yaran sun karɓi katunan tare da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi waɗanda aka bayyana cikin Ingilishi kuma sun kwaikwayi halayen abubuwan shirin.