"Koma Windows", wanda ya gabatar da ni ga Linux ya gaya mani lokacin da ya ga cewa wasu abubuwa suna shake ni kuma yana so ya yi kamar a cikin tsarin Microsoft. Ya kuma gaya mani cewa "Linux ba Windows bane", kuma hakan gaskiya ne ga alheri ko mara kyau. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shi ne cewa akwai abubuwa masu sauƙi a kan wasu tsarin kuma ba su da sauƙi a kan waɗanda suka dogara da Linux, kamar su ƙirƙirar fayiloli .desktop, kuma aka sani da gajerun hanyoyi.
Amma dole ne ku bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyi, domin ba duka ɗaya bane. A yanzu, zan iya tunanin aƙalla nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyi guda biyu: wasu alamomi ne ko alamu na alama, waɗanda ƙananan fayil ne waɗanda za mu iya aiwatarwa don samun damar ainihin asalin da ke da alaƙa da; wasu kuma .desktop files, wadanda nau'in ne hanyar haɗin kai tsaye wanda ya ƙunshi bayanai kamar sunan aikace-aikacen da sigarsa, kuma su ne fayilolin da ke da alhakin ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen da yawa a ƙarƙashin Linux.
Ƙirƙirar fayilolin tebur tare da aikace-aikacen UI
Kamar dai mun bayyana Anan a LXA shekaru da suka gabata, ƙirƙirar fayilolin .desktop akan Linux ba haka ba ne mai rikitarwa. Bugu da kari, rubutun da aka bayar yana aiki azaman a samfuri wanda kawai dole ne ku gyara don kowane aikace-aikacen. Amma ana iya ƙara sauƙaƙa abubuwa.
Akwai akan Flathub, akwai app da ake kira Mahaliccin Fayil na Desktop. m shi ne mai dubawa inda za mu gaya mata sunan, hanyar zuwa ga executable, idan za a kashe a cikin Terminal ko a'a... kuma za ta kula da yi mana sauran. Amma idan muna son wani abu har ma mafi sauƙi, za mu iya ƙirƙirar kanmu rubutun / mini-app don yin duk wannan daga tashar tashar (aka gani a hoton taken). Lambar a Python zata kasance kamar haka:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 daga io shigo da buɗaɗɗen shigo da os file_name = shigarwa ("Sunan fayil ɗin .desktop: ") version = shigarwa ("Sigar aikace-aikacen: ") app_name = shigarwa ("Sunan aikace-aikacen: ") app_comment = shigarwa ("Sharhin aikace-aikacen: ") mai aiwatarwa = shigarwa ("Hanyar da za a iya aiwatarwa: ") icon = shigarwa ("Hanyar zuwa gunkin aikace-aikacen: ") tashar tashar = shigarwa ("Shin zai gudana a tashar tashar? (Gaskiya ga eh, Ƙarya don a'a ): ") tipo_app = shigarwa ("Nau'in aikace-aikacen (saka Aikace-aikacen idan kuna da shakku): ") Categories = shigarwa ("Kategorien da wannan aikace-aikacen ya faɗo: ") babban fayil = shigarwa (" Jaka inda za'a iya aiwatarwa shine: ") def createDesktop(): bayanin kula = buɗe (file_name + ". tebur", "w") entry_text = ('[Shigarwar Desktop]') version_text = ('\nSigar =' + version) app_name_text = ('\nName =' + app_name) comment_text = ('\n Comment =' + app_comment) executable_text = ('\nExec=' + executable) icon_text = ('\nIcon =' + icon) m_text = ('\ nTerminal=' + m) text_tipoapp = (' \nType=' + type_app) text_categorias = ('\nCategories=' + Categories) text_startupNotifyApp = ('\nStartupNotify=ƙarya') text_path = ('\nPath=' + folder) rubutu = (input_text + version_text + application_name_text + comment executable_text + icon_text + terminal_text + app_type_text + Kategorien_text + startupNotifyApp_text + hanya_text) bayanin kula.write(rubutu) note.close () appName = app_name + ". tebur" os.system ('chmod + x '+ appName' +' appName + '~/.local/share/applications') buga ("An yi nasarar ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin tebur. Yana cikin ~/.local/share/applications/ kuma yakamata ya bayyana a cikin aljihunan app.") createDesktop()
bayanin code
Daga sama:
- Layin farko shine abin da aka sani da "Shebang" kuma yana nuna abin da za a bude rubutun da shi (zai iya bambanta akan wasu rarraba Linux). Bai kamata ya zama dole ba idan muka kewaya zuwa hanyar da muka adana fayil ɗin .py kuma mu kaddamar da shi tare da "python file_name.py", amma a idan muna so mu magance kadan kamar yadda za mu bayyana daga baya.
- Layukan na biyu da na uku suna shigo da abin da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin, tunda ya zama dole a iya rubutawa zuwa rumbun kwamfutarka.
- Ana ƙirƙiri sauye-sauye waɗanda daga baya za a yi amfani da su don rubuta abun ciki zuwa fayil ɗin tebur.
- A cikin aikin CreateDesktop(), yana buɗe fayil, sannan ya ƙara sigogin bayanan gajeriyar hanya, sannan ya ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .desktop, yana ba shi izini, sannan ya matsar da shi zuwa aikace-aikacen ~/.local/share/. Kuma wannan zai kasance duka.
Zan iya cewa ba zai iya zama da sauƙi ba, amma zai yi sauƙi idan akwai hanyar ƙirƙirar su tare da menu na mahallin Nautilus, Dolphin ko mai sarrafa fayil da muke amfani da su. Matsalar ita ce akan Linux wannan baya aiki haka. A cikin fayilolin tebur kuma kuna iya ƙara wasu bayanai, kamar fassarori da sauran hanyoyin buɗe aikace-aikace (kamar yanayin ɓoye-ɓoye a cikin burauza), don haka ƙirƙirar waɗannan nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyin ba mai sauƙi bane, ya cancanci sakewa.
Kuma na riga na manta, idan muna so mu sami damar ƙaddamar da rubutun da ya gabata daga kowace tagar tasha, dole ne mu. matsar da fayil ɗin .py da muka ƙirƙira zuwa babban fayil /bin. Kada wanda bai san abin da yake yi ba ya saba da shi, domin masu aiwatarwa suna shiga cikin wannan folder kuma ku kiyaye abin da kuka taba. A kowane hali, koyaushe akwai zaɓuɓɓuka. Dole ne kawai ku san inda za ku duba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirƙira da rabawa kuma abu ne na kowa a cikin Linux.